Practical Test Research Articles

Teachers' Perception of Four-Tier Diagnostic Test Instrument Equipped with Self-Diagnosis Sheet to Identify Students' Misconception on Linear Motion Material

The purpose of this study was to determine the perception of physics teachers towards the four-tier diagnostic test instrument equipped with self-diagnosis sheet to identify students' misconceptions on linear motion material. The research method used in this study is a mixed method with Sequential Explanatory Design. Data were collected first using a questionnaire and then analyzed using descriptive analysis. The questionnaire was distributed to 14 physics teachers and 96 high school students in Lampung Province. The results showed that teachers have a positive perception of the use of a four-tier diagnostic test instrument equipped with a self-diagnosis sheet feature to identify students' misconceptions on straight motion material. The results showed that 87% of teachers had never identified students' misconceptions on straight motion material. The results also show that 90% of teachers only use the results of daily tests as a benchmark to determine the misconceptions experienced by students. Misconceptions in this straight motion material certainly affect the learning outcomes of students, it is known that only 46% of students reach the KKM on straight motion material. And the results of the questionnaire show that 95% of teachers have never identified the misconceptions of students on linear motion material to make and use any type of multilevel diagnostic test instrument because the teacher has no difficulty in making it. So an effort is needed to overcome these problems, namely by making valid, practical, and effective multilevel diagnostic test instruments. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that a four-tier diagnostic test instrument equipped with a self-diagnosis sheet is needed to identify students' misconceptions on linear motion material.

Children’s Retrieval of Science Facts: The Role of Hints and Confidence

ABSTRACT The effortful process of retrieving information from memory has been established as an effective strategy for improving student learning. However, we have a limited understanding of the development of retrieval practice in children, including contexts that may scaffold its benefit. In the current pre-registered study, we examined whether the use of hints during retrieval practice improved free recall in an online science learning task in 8- to 13-years-olds (N = 77, N females = 36). We found partial evidence supporting the provision of hints as boosting the benefit of retrieval practice. Children’s long-term retention of science facts was higher when they received hints during an earlier practice test compared to restudying information, but not compared to a test only condition without hints. Furthermore, we found similar effects across both age and levels of confidence, suggesting that retrieval practice remains stable across these factors.

Enhancing MPPT efficiency in PV systems under partial shading: A hybrid POA&PO approach for rapid and accurate energy harvesting

Partial shading in operational environments introduces multiple peaks in the output characteristics of photovoltaic (PV) systems, presenting significant challenges to energy harvesting. This study introduces a novel meta-heuristic algorithm, termed POA&PO, which aims to address the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) issues in PV systems. The algorithm capitalizes on the global search capability of the POA method to quickly pinpoint the range with the maximum power, followed by the fast convergence of the PO method to ensure both rapidity and accuracy of the solution. Extensive simulation tests, conducted in MATLAB/SIMULINK, have demonstrated the efficacy of the POA&PO algorithm, achieving an average tracking efficiency of 99.97 % with a convergence time of 0.3 s in step response tests; under the EN50530 test standard, the algorithm also showed sustained and stable tracking of ramp signals. Moreover, practical testing utilizing a new, low-cost indoor PV simulator confirmed the algorithm’s high performance under controlled conditions, yielding an average tracking efficiency of 97.03 % and a convergence time of 0.18 s. This paper highlights the capacity of the developed algorithm to reliably, accurately, and swiftly achieve high energy transfer efficiency. Additionally, the innovative and economical experimental testing methods employed are emphasized, contributing to the practical applicability and cost-effectiveness of the proposed solution.

Development of augmented reality human skeleton to improve students’ cognitive learning outcomes on movement systems practice

The purpose of this study was to develop and reveal the effect of using Augmented Reality Human Skeleton in learning of human movement system on students' cognitive learning outcomes. This study uses the Multimedia-Based Instructional Design development model from Lee & Owens. The developed media was tested for validity. Cognitive ability was measured using a description test and a paired t test was carried out. Researchers validated the product through material experts and obtained a perfect score, with a score of 100% for content quality and objectives and learning quality, which was stated as Very valid. Media validation also showed very good results, with a score of 100% for suitability, attractiveness, and usefulness, and 95% for Simplicity. In addition, the practicality test of the media by students obtained a score of 96% for appearance, 97% for convenience, and 95% for ease of understanding the material, all of which were stated as practical. The results of the study showed a significant influence of the implementation of this media on students' cognitive learning outcomes. The use of Augmented Reality Human Skeleton showed a significant increase in students' cognitive (pretest = 61.1 and posttest 87.9). Thus, the application of Augmented Reality Human Skeleton in learning the human movement system is proven valid, practical, and able to improve students' cognitive learning outcomes.

Development of the Learning Media Video Tutorial "Tatak Menapu Kopi" in Arts and Culture Subjects for Dance Learning

This research aims to produce a learning media product called "Tatak Menapu Kopi" video tutorial for the Arts and Culture learning subject for dance learning at SMP Negeri 2 Siempat Nempu Hulu, Dairi Regency that is feasible, practical, and effective. This research uses a research and development (R&D) research model with research subjects totaling 35 students of IX SMP Negeri 2 Siempat Nempu Hulu, Dairi Regency, consisting of 5 students in individual tests, 10 students in small group tests, and 35 students in limited field tests. This research also involved validators from two learning media experts, two learning design experts, and two learning material experts. The results of this research explain that: (1) Through validation results by learning material experts, an average validity result of 94.7% was obtained in the very feasible/practical category; (2) validation results by learning design experts obtained an average validity result of 94.9% in the very feasible/practical category; and (3) validation results by learning media experts obtained an average validity result of 93.9% in the very feasible/practical category. (2) The results of the practicality test of the Video Tutorial "Tatak Menapu Kopi" learning media in the arts and culture learning subject for learning dance at SMP Negeri 2 Siempat Nempu Hulu, Dairi Regency show a level of practicality with a percentage of 89.1%, in the very practical category. (3) The effectiveness of using the products developed in learning is considered quite effective; this is shown by the results of the N-Gain score effectiveness test, which obtained an average value of 61.2%

Signal processing for miniature mass spectrometer based on LSTM-EEMD feature digging

Miniature mass spectrometers exhibit immense application potential in on-site detection due to their small size and low cost. However, their detection accuracy is severely affected by factors such as sample pre-processing and environmental conditions. In this study, we propose a data processing method based on long short-term memory-ensemble empirical mode decomposition (LSTM-EEMD) to improve the quality of on-site detection data from miniature mass spectrometers. The EEMD method can clearly decompose the different physical feature components in the small-scale spectrometer signals, while the LSTM method can adaptively learn the internal feature relationships of the signals. Thus, by combining the two, the parameters for the EEMD signal reconstruction can be optimized in an adaptive manner, obtaining the optimized coefficients. Compared to the previous EEMD feature enhancement approach, the LSTM-EEMD method not only significantly improves the coefficient of determination (R2) and relative standard deviation (RSD) of the data, enhancing the linear range, but also achieves fully adaptive processing throughout the workflow, greatly boosting the efficiency. By leveraging a miniature mass spectrometer, data for N-acetyl-l-aspartic acid (NAA), 2-Hydroxyglutarate (2-HG), and γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) in actual blood samples have been obtained. The experimental results demonstrate that the LSTM-EEMD method can markedly enhance the accuracy and usability of the biological sample data in practical testing, providing new perspectives and possibilities for research and applications in the relevant domain.

Exploring the User Acceptability and Feasibility of a Clinical Decision Support Tool Designed to Facilitate Timely Diagnosis of New-Onset Type 1 Diabetes in Children: Qualitative Interview Study Among General Practitioners.

Up to half of the children with new-onset type 1 diabetes present to the hospital with diabetic ketoacidosis, a life-threatening condition that can develop because of diagnostic delay. Three-quarters of Australian children visit their general practitioner (GP) the week before presenting to the hospital with diabetic ketoacidosis. Our prototype, DIRECT-T1DM (Decision-Support for Integrated, Real-Time Evaluation and Clinical Treatment of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus), is an electronic clinical decision support tool that promotes immediate point-of-care testing in general practice to confirm the suspicion of diabetes. This avoids laboratory testing, which has been documented internationally as a cause of diagnostic delay. In this investigation, we aimed to pilot and assess the feasibility and acceptability of our prototype to GP end users. We also explored the challenges of diagnosing type 1 diabetes in the Australian general practice context. In total, 4 GPs, a pediatric endocrinologist, and a PhD candidate were involved in conceptualizing the DIRECT-T1DM prototype, which was developed at the Department of General Practice and Primary Care at the University of Melbourne. Furthermore, 6 GPs were recruited via convenience sampling to evaluate the tool. The study involved 3 phases: a presimulation interview, simulated clinical scenarios, and a postsimulation interview. The interview guide was developed using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) as a guide. All phases of the study were video, audio, and screen recorded. Audio recordings were transcribed by the investigating team. Analysis was carried out using CFIR as the underlying framework. Major themes were identified among three domains and 7 constructs of the CFIR: (1) outer setting-time pressure, difficulty in diagnosing pediatric type 1 diabetes, and secondary care considerations influenced GPs' needs regarding DIRECT-T1DM; (2) inner setting-DIRECT-T1DM fits within existing workflows, it has a high relative priority due to its importance in patient safety, and GPs exhibited high tension for change; and (3) innovation-design recommendations included altering coloring to reflect urgency, font style and bolding, specific language, information and guidelines, and inclusion of patient information sheets. End-user acceptability of DIRECT-T1DM was high. This was largely due to its implications for patient safety and its "real-time" nature. DIRECT-T1DM may assist in appropriate management of children with new-onset diabetes, which is an uncommon event in general practice, through safety netting.

Research on recommended model of personalized interior environment

Personalized recommendation systems are a common feature of e-commerce, streaming services, and other fields. However, they are not common in the field of interior environment design. Existing international research tends to prioritize deep learning-based recommendation algorithms. These methods rely heavily on large-scale data and complex models to improve the accuracy of recommendations. However, they often face significant limitations. Therefore, this paper proposes a personalized recommendation model for interior environment design based on clustering collaborative filtering algorithm and user portrait. The model improves the traditional collaborative filtering recommendation algorithm. Based on the established UPICF recommendation algorithm, the constructed model is verified through performance analysis and practical application test. The experimental results show that when the number of neighbors is 20, the MAE of the model is 0.7035, which has better personalized recommendation performance. In addition, in the personalized recommendation application of interior environment design, the click-through rate of the model is increased by 0.115, and the purchase conversion rate of users is increased by about 0.270, which further proves the effectiveness of the model. The results show that this model can provide more accurate, diversified and personalized indoor environment design solutions to meet the individual needs of users.

Research on a Method for Identification of Peanut Pests and Diseases Based on a Lightweight LSCDNet Model.

Timely and accurate identification of peanut pests and diseases, coupled with effective countermeasures, is pivotal for ensuring high-quality and efficient peanut production. Despite the prevalence of pests and diseases in peanut cultivation, challenges such as minute disease spots, the elusive nature of pests, and intricate environmental conditions often lead to diminished identification accuracy and efficiency. Moreover, continuous monitoring of peanut health in real-world agricultural settings demands solutions that are computationally efficient. Traditional deep learning models often require substantial computational resources, limiting their practical applicability. In response to these challenges, we introduce LSCDNet (Lightweight Sandglass and Coordinate Attention Network), a streamlined model derived from DenseNet. LSCDNet preserves only the transition layers to reduce feature map dimensionality, simplifying the model's complexity. The inclusion of a sandglass block bolsters features extraction capabilities, mitigating potential information loss due to dimensionality reduction. Additionally, the incorporation of coordinate attention addresses issues related to positional information loss during feature extraction. Experimental results showcase that LSCDNet achieved impressive metrics with accuracy, precision, recall, and Fl score of 96.67, 98.05, 95.56, and 96.79%, respectively, while maintaining a compact parameter count of merely 0.59 million. When compared with established models such as MobileNetV1, MobileNetV2, NASNetMobile, DenseNet-121, InceptionV3, and X-ception, LSCDNet outperformed with accuracy gains of 2.65, 4.87, 8.71, 5.04, 6.32, and 8.2%, respectively, accompanied by substantially fewer parameters. Lastly, we deployed the LSCDNet model on Raspberry Pi for practical testing and application and achieved an average recognition accuracy of 85.36%, thereby meeting real-world operational requirements.

Wireless Ultrasound Devices in Anatomy Education: Insights from Medical Undergraduates

AbstractPoint-of-care ultrasound has become an important part of patient care, and the increased use thereof has led to a greater demand for the integration of ultrasound training in the early medical undergraduate curriculum. The use of handheld wireless ultrasound devices is not currently integrated within the undergraduate anatomy medical curriculum of Stellenbosch University and the additional value of wireless ultrasonography, in relation to the clinical practice of anatomical knowledge, therefore, warranted further investigation. This study aimed to explore undergraduate medical students’ perceptions of the use of handheld wireless ultrasound scanning to enhance knowledge and understanding of anatomy for clinical application. During the dissection sessions, students visualized anatomical structures of the musculoskeletal system, by scanning themselves, using handheld, wireless ultrasound devices. After the session, an electronic survey was distributed to the students and three ultrasonography questions were included in the routine practical test. Eighty-one survey responses were collected, with 41 of those responses being completed. The highest student agreement in the Likert scale survey was observed when assessing the convenience of practice of wireless ultrasound devices, while the lowest agreement was reported for confidence in the participant’s capability of generating ultrasound images. Two main themes were developed from the open-ended questions at the end of the survey: the instructional integration of ultrasound and ultrasound within the clinical setting. This research demonstrated that readily available access to handheld wireless ultrasound scanning has the potential to enhance students’ longitudinal learning experience and improve anatomical comprehension. As future clinicians, improved understanding could aid ultrasound application in the clinical realm.

PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN BUKU CERITA BERGAMBAR DIGITAL BERBASIS KEARIFAN LOKAL MATERI SEJARAH BERDIRINYA KERAJAAN PANJALU MATERI IPS UNTUK PESERTA DIDIK KELAS 4 SDN MOJOROTO 4

This research is based on the results of observations and interviews, that thelearning media used by teachers in delivering the material does not helpstudents understand the material. In delivering material the teacher uses theStudent Handbook. This makes students less interested in reading the materialin the student handbook. The aim of this research is (1) to determine the validityof the digital picture story book learning media for the History of the PanjaluKingdom class 4 at SDN Mojoroto 4 (2) to find out the practicality of the digitalpicture story book learning media for the History of the Panjalu Kingdom forclass 4 at SDN Mojoroto 4 ( 3) to determine the effectiveness of digital picturestorybook learning media for class 4 Panjalu Kingdom History material at SDNMojoroto 4. This research uses Research and Development (R&D)development research. The development model used in this research is theADDIE model. The results obtained were that the digital picture story booklearning media got a validity percentage of 96.6% from media experts in thevery valid category, then got a percentage from material experts of 80% in thevalid category, and the practicality test from learning experts was 80% in thepractical category and 90 .95% through student responses. So it can beconcluded that the digital picture story book learning media is declared valid,practical, effective and can be used by teachers in the learning process

Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran EMI-PPKN Berbasis Digital Tematik Kelas V Sekolah Dasar

Abstract: The development of thematic digital-based EMI-PPKN learning media for class V elementary schools, has the aim of knowing the development of valid and practical EMI-PPKN products. The type of research used by researchers in developing EMI-PPKN is R&D (Research and Development), development using the ADDIE model consisting of Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation. The subjects of this research were students in classes V.A and V.B at state elementary school 95 Palembang with a total of 35 students. The data collection techniques used in the research are observation, interviews, questionnaires, based on the results of research by validator experts from three fields, namely media, materials and language, where in this development there are 3 validators covering these 3 fields, so that the percentage of validators from the three experts is 90.83 % categorized as "Very Valid". Then the practicality test of the teacher's response obtained a percentage result of 86.66% categorized as "Very practical", then the one to one (Individual) trial obtained a percentage of 93.88% categorized as "Very practical", then the final trial, namely the small group, received a score percentage of 91.88% in the "Very practical" category. Keywords: Learning Media Development, EMI-PPKN, Digital

Rapid distance estimation of odor sources by electronic nose with multi-sensor fusion based on spiking neural network

The inference of odor source locations holds great potential value in chemical leak detection, explosive searches and flammable substance detection. Sensor response and derivative changes are common indicators used to estimate source distance. However, most studies often rely on single-feature methods using a single sensor. In this study, a novel distance indicator based on a spiking neural network (SNN) that integrates multiple sensors is proposed. SNN was introduced for effective multi-sensor data fusion, which can provide accurate and rapid source distance estimation. The indicator's accuracy and quick detection capabilities were tested using a publicly available wind tunnel dataset and compared with single-sensor indicators. Additionally, an olfactory robot platform was constructed to test the method's real-time performance. Results demonstrate that this method effectively utilizes sensor arrays to estimate source distance, with an average root mean square error (RMSE) of less than 0.1 m across different wind speeds, outperforming single-sensor-based indicators. Additionally, the model exhibits good distance estimation performance within a relatively short detection time, with an average RMSE of 0.118 m. Practical testing on a mobile robot platform confirms the applicability of this distance indicator for real-time distance monitoring. In conclusion, the proposed distance indicator enables effective distance estimation for odor sources, providing a promising method for odor source localization and olfactory navigation.

Pengembangan Video Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam Dan Budi Pekerti Menggunakan Aplikasi Capcut Di SMA PP. Dr. M. Natsir Alahan Panjang

This research and development was based on problems that occurred at SMA PP.Dr.M.Natsir Alahan Panjang where students' lack of interest in learning in the subjects of Islamic Religious Education and Character and the learning carried out was less varied, making students bored and less active so they were distracted by other things. Learning videos can be an alternative in solving problems at school. This research aims to determine the level of validity and practicality of learning videos using the Capcut application.This type of research is development research using the ADDIE (Analyze, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation) model. The resulting learning video media using the Capcut application has been tested as valid with a percentage of media design experts of 94,3% (very valid), and tested practically with a practicality test by teachers with a percentage of 87,2% ( very practical) and the student response test percentage was 87,8% (very practical). From these results it was concluded that the learning video using Capcut was valid and practical so that trials could be carried out on the resulting product.

Preparation of hapten and monoclonal antibody of hesperetin and establishment of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

Hesperetin is the aglycone of hesperidin and is widely found in the Rutaceae plants and herbal medicines. It exhibits antioxidant, detoxifying, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties, similar to hesperidin. It has also shown potential in the regulation of certain diseases. In order to detect hesperetin in complex matrix samples such as citrus and herbal, we developed an anti-hesperetin monoclonal antibody and established an indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (icELISA). The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was determined to be 2.03 ng/mL, the detection range was 0.39–12.73 ng/mL. In practical sample testing, the concentration of hesperidin measured by icELISA is consistent with the result of UPLC-MS/MS, and the correlation coefficient (R2) is 0.97. These results showed that the established method has good accuracy, reproducibility and broad application prospects, and can be used for the detection of hesperetin in complex matrix samples (such as citrus and herbal samples).

Goodness-of-fit testing in bivariate count time series based on a bivariate dispersion index

AbstractA common choice for the marginal distribution of a bivariate count time series is the bivariate Poisson distribution. In practice, however, when the count data exhibit zero inflation, overdispersion or non-stationarity features, such that a marginal bivariate Poisson distribution is not suitable. To test the discrepancy between the actual count data and the bivariate Poisson distribution, we propose a new goodness-of-fit test based on a bivariate dispersion index. The asymptotic distribution of the test statistic under the null hypothesis of a first-order bivariate integer-valued autoregressive model with marginal bivariate Poisson distribution is derived, and the finite-sample performance of the goodness-of-fit test is analyzed by simulations. A real-data example illustrate the application and usefulness of the test in practice.

DEVELOPMENT OF FLIPPING BOOK LEARNING MATERIALS INTEGRATED WITH PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING TO IMPROVE STUDENTS' DIGITAL LITERACY

Digital literacy is the ability to access, manage, understand, evaluate and create information safely and appropriately. This research aims to produce a valid, practical and effective problem-based learning flipping book instructional material focusing on the diversity of mangrove species, Gonda Mangrove Park, Polewali Mandar to increase student’s digital literacy. This research is R&D and follow the ADDIE instructional design model. The population in this study were X4 SMAN 2 Majene, Sulawesi Barat. The research instrument used pretest-posttest, questionnaires and digital literacy observation sheets. Data analysis through N-Gain Test. The findings obtained from this study indicate a percentage of validity test such as material 100%, learning instruction 81.42%, lesson plan 95.75% and educational practitioner 100%. Practicality test including one-to one trial 83.17%, small group trial 86.90% and field trial 88%, three of them categorized as practical. Based on the N-Gain score, the effectivity of instructional materials shows 0.71, it means the learning materials increasing student’s digital literacy effectively.

Knowledge and Awareness of Risk Factors for HIV Infection and about HIV Testing among Medical Students in Warsaw.

The number of late diagnoses of HIV remains very high in Poland, leading to a high proportion of patients developing and dying of HIV-related diseases. The main reason for this is the very low utilization of HIV testing. Our analyses aimed to investigate knowledge about the indications for HIV testing among medical university students, as well as identify their own HIV testing experiences. A cross-sectional survey study was designed to collect information on the students' demographics and their experiences of HIV testing, as well as their knowledge of virus transmission and the indications for testing. Data were collected as part of the HIV_week@WUM project conducted at the Medical University of Warsaw in parallel with the 18th European AIDS Conference, which took place in Warsaw between 18 and 21 October 2023. In total, 545 questionnaires were collected. The median age of the study participants was 20 (interquartile range (IQR): 19-22 years). The majority of respondents were as follows: women (67.5%), born in Poland (97.8%), and were attending the medical faculty (56.7%). Only 114 (21.43%) participants had ever been tested for HIV. For all modes of HIV transmission, most of the respondents overestimated the risk of acquiring HIV, but, at the same time, they had never been tested for HIV. Only one in five health sciences students has ever had a test for HIV, which is less than estimates for the general population of Warsaw. There is an ongoing need to popularize testing among future health care providers in order to address both the indications for testing for individuals and the better use of HIV testing in clinical practice.

Pengembangan Kamus Mini untuk Membantu Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab Kelas VIII di SMP Datok Sulaiman Palopo

This research aims to determine the development process, level of validity and level of practicality of small Arabic dictionary media which can be used to support the Arabic language learning process, especially in vocabulary learning. The development of this small Arabic dictionary media is adapted to the learning curriculum and teaching materials for class VIII Junior High Schools. This type of research is research and development (R&D) by adapting the 4D development model which consists of four stages, namely definition, design, development and dissemination. The subjects used in this research were 18 class VIII students at Datok Sulaiman Junior High School. Data collection techniques include observation, interviews, validation sheets, practicality test sheets and student response questionnaires. The result of this development research is a small Arabic dictionary for class VIII students. The product validation test results show that: 1) the material expert validation assessment obtained a score of 96.36%; 2) media expert validation assessment obtained a score of 86.66%; 3) and the practicality test carried out by learning experts obtained a score of 80%. Based on the results of product trials by three experts, it shows that the small Arabic dictionary learning media is very valid and practical to be applied in Arabic language learning.

Unraveling the complexities of antifungal susceptibility testing in Candida spp.: Insights from design of experiments

Our study delved into the intricate dynamics of antifungal susceptibility testing for Candida spp., employing a Design of Experiments approach. We systematically investigated the influence of pH, temperature, inoculum size, and glucose concentration on both growth patterns and inhibitory concentrations of Candida spp. Our findings underscore the nuanced interplay between these factors, revealing significant impacts on susceptibility outcomes. Notably, even minor adjustments in these parameters yielded substantial variations in growth and inhibitory concentrations, underscoring the critical importance of meticulous control over growth conditions in antifungal susceptibility testing protocols. Each Candida isolates exhibited unique susceptibility profiles, necessitating tailored culture conditions for accurate testing. Our study sheds light on the variability inherent in Candida spp. growth patterns and emphasizes the need for standardized protocols to ensure consistency across laboratories. By leveraging the design of experiments, our research provides a systematic framework for unraveling the complexities of antifungal susceptibility testing, offering valuable insights for optimizing testing protocols and informing clinical decision-making in antifungal treatment. These findings represent a significant step towards enhancing the efficacy and reliability of antifungal susceptibility testing in clinical practice.