Testosterone Values Research Articles

Long-term Persistence of Moderate or Low Normal Testosterone Levels and Prostate Gland Volume in Men 35–45 Years Old

In our outpatient practice, we are increasingly seeing men aged from 35 to 45 years who have a long-term persistence of moderate or low normal testosterone levels. We aimed to investigate whether there is a link between long-term persistence of moderate or low normal testosterone levels and prostate volume. For the period from January 2013 to December 2015 in the Department of Andrology of “St. Sofia” Hospital we investigated 73 men aged 35 to 45 years with normal or elevated body mass index and long-term persistence of moderate or low testosterone levels. To compare our results, at the beginning of the study we formed a control group of 20 healthy men of the same age. The prostate volume was calculated by ultrasound. We obtained, within the reference range, significantly lower values for total testosterone (p < 0.001) and higher prostate volume (p < 0.001) in the 73 men we investigated compared to those in the control group. In some men at a young age, certain deviations in the normal secretion of testosterone occur, in parallel with an increase in total prostate volume, which differs significantly from the same indicator in their peers with a high normal level of testosterone. In most cases overweight or obesity were a prerequisite for young men to increase their prostate volume, but with a weaker correlation dependence than testosterone. Without going into cellular processes, we determined that long-term persistence of moderate or low normal testosterone levels, was a prerequisite for men aged between 35 and 45 years to increase their prostate volume.

A Study of Male Infertility Using Some Hormonal and Immunological Indicators in Thi Qar City

Background: The current study aims to identify some of the causes that may cause male infertility especially the secondary type, which has recently increased in urban life more than rural life, using some hormonal factors such as FSH, LH, testosterone, and biochemical parameters such as lipoprotein alpha and some immune indicators such as anti-insulin antibody. Study Design: This case control study was carried out on infertile males at Al-Hussein Teaching Hospital, Thi Qar city, over a six-month period from September 2017 to March 2018. Methods: Hormonal evaluations were performed on those with abnormalities in their sperm count. Results: The total number of patients evaluated for infertility was 97. The mean age of the patients was 33.5 years. 81 patients (83.5 %) had primary infertility and 16 patients (16.5 %) had secondary infertility, and according to the study, there was a significant association with the problem. Hormones change according to the age of the patients as there is a significant difference in FSH and testosterone with no significant difference in LH. While hormonal changes between the age groups of the study were normal with FSH and no change in the values ​​of both LH and testosterone these results apply with regard to the duration of infertility for the time group 2-5 years. The opposite is true regarding the presence or absence of varicocele. Regarding alpha-lipoprotein the most affected age groups are G2 and G3 with a 2-5year infertility period and secondary infertility with varicocele. What this study has addressed about anti-insulin antibody affects the age group G2 by increasing the periods of secondary infertility by 2-3 years and is not related to the presence or absence of varicocele. Conclusion: Varicocele plays a major and important role in male infertility especially if it is associated in any way with insulin resistance or high alpha lipoprotein.

The prognostic value of serum testosterone to BMI ratio in Chinese males with prostate cancer treated by androgen deprivation therapy: a single-center study.

To investigate the prognostic value of serum testosterone combining with body mass index (BMI) on the prostate cancer (PCa) after androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). In this study, we included the patients from June, 2017 to June, 2022 who were diagnosed with PCa and received ADT. The data of these patients were reviewed and analyzed. The ratio of serum testosterone to BMI (T/BMI) was calculated and the patients were divided into high T/BMI and low T/BMI group based on the optimal T/BMI cutoff value. A total of 84 patients were screened and divided into high T/BMI group (> 0.244) (n = 35) and low T/BMI group (≤ 0.244) (n = 49). Higher possibility of metastasis occurred in low T/BMI than high T/BMI group (P < 0.001) and the PFS in low T/BMI group was significantly lower (P < 0.001) compared to high T/BMI group. Serum testosterone in the high BMI group was significantly lower than that in the non-high BMI group. Testosterone, BMI, and T/BMI were significantly different in the tumor progression group than that in non-tumor progression group (P < 0.05). The result from univariate Cox regression analysis demonstrated that BMI (HR = 1.247, P = 0.001), testosterone (HR = 0.936, P = 0.009), T/BMI(HR = 1.036, P = 0.017), and the metastasis (HR = 1.593, P = 0.025) were significantly correlated with PFS. The result from multivariate Cox regression analysis demonstrated that T/BMI (HR = 1.037, P = 0.015) was significantly correlated with PFS. T/BMI has a certain predicting value for the prognosis and correlated with PFS of the PCa patients. Higher level of BMI and lower level of testosterone are more associated with poor outcomes than those with low BMI and high testosterone.

The effects of microsurgical varicocelectomy performed for infertility on premature ejaculation.

To investigate the effects of varicocelectomy on premature ejaculation (PE) in patients with varicocele and infertility. A total of 82 sexually active patients aged 18years or over who had undergone microscopic subinguinal varicocelectomy with a clinical diagnosis of varicocele in 14 urology clinics between October 2021 and March 2023 with primary infertility were evaluated prospectively Patients were evaluated using the Turkish validated form of the 'Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool' (PEDT) scale. A PEDT score of 11 or above was taken to indicate the presence of PE. Turkish validated forms of PEDT and International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5) were completed in all patients pre-operatively and at 3 and 6months post-operatively. Intravaginal ejaculatory latency time (IELT) and serum testosterone measurements were also recorded. Left varicocelectomy was performed in 70.7% and bilateral varicocelectomy in 29.3% of the participants. A significant difference was found between pre- and post-operative PEDT scores (× 2 (2) = 130.1, p < 0.001). A significant difference was observed between pre- and post-operative IELT time (× 2 (2) = 143.2, p < 0.001). IIEF-5 scores differed before and after surgery (× 2 (2) = 59.5, p < 0.001). A difference was found between the testosterone levels measured before and after surgery (× 2 (2) = 40.9, p < 0.001). No statistically significant difference was observed between the third- and sixth-month testosterone values (p = 0.183). Testosterone levels (p = 0.001) and IELT scores (p < 0.001) were significantly higher, while PEDT scores (p < 0.001) were significantly lower in the bilateral varicocelectomy group at the sixth post-operative month. In light of our findings, it is recommended that infertile patients with varicocele be informed of the positive effects of varicocelectomy on PE.

Brain endothelial permeability, transport, and flow assessed over 10 orders of magnitude using the in situ brain perfusion technique

BackgroundCerebral blood flow normally places a limit on the magnitude of brain vascular permeability (P) that can be measured in vivo. At normal cerebral blood flow, this limit falls at the lower end of lipophilicity for most FDA-approved CNS drugs. In this study, we report on two methods that can be used to overcome this limitation and measure brain vascular permeability values that are up to ~1000 times higher using the in situ brain perfusion technique.MethodsRat brain was perfused with physiological saline at increased flow rate and in the presence of various concentrations of plasma protein, serum albumin or alpha-acid glycoprotein. Plasma protein was added to the saline perfusion fluid to lower extraction into the measurable range using the Crone Renkin “diffusion-flow” equation to calculate brain PoS.ResultsCerebrovascular Po was determined for 125 solutes, of which 78 showed little or no evidence of active efflux transport. Fifty of the solutes were in the lipophilicity zone (Log Poct 1–5) of most FDA-approved CNS drugs. Care was taken to ensure the integrity of the brain vasculature during perfusion and to measure flow accurately using markers that had been verified for the flow rates. The results showed a linear relationship between Log Po and Log Poct over ~10 orders of magnitude with values for diazepam, estradiol, testosterone, and other agents that exceed prior published values by fivefold to 200-fold.ConclusionsThe results show that brain vascular permeability can be measured directly in vivo for highly lipophilic solutes and the PS values obtained match reasonably with that predicted by the Crone-Renkin flow diffusion equation with care taken to validate the accuracy for the component measurements and with no need to invoke “enhanced” or “induced” dissociation.

Testosterone/cortisol ratio: gender effect and prediction of podium results in beach sprint master rowers.

The purpose of this study was to address the lack of data on the stress and motivation response in master athletes during competitions, as athletic performance in this age group can be significantly impacted by stress rather than appropriate training. Coastal rowing beach sprint master athletes aged 43-57 years were examined to assess the saliva levels of stress biomarkers, cortisol, and testosterone. Specifically, samples were collected at awakening and before and after the boat race. Mean values of cortisol remained unchanged from awakening and raised at the end of the competition, while testosterone levels increased before the race, suggesting an aggressive/competitive behavior. Cortisol levels were significantly higher when comparing pre-race levels with post-race (p = 0.001) levels and early morning with post-race (p = 0.006) levels. No gender effect was observed in this case. Testosterone values did not demonstrate significance when compared between time points, not even when stratifying by gender. Considering the 24 athletes, a higher testosterone/cortisol ratio was correlated with a worse podium position (B = 3.705; p = 0.009). When stratified by gender, the testosterone/cortisol ratio demonstrated an association with a worse outcome of the race only in female rowers (B = 4.012; p = 0.022). Male athletes demonstrated no significant correlation between hormone ratio and race results (B = 3.288; p = 0.292). It emerged from this study that the amateur rowers who approach competitive sport during adulthood may have problems in coping with the race-related stress and thus the outcome of their performance might be affected, as in adolescents.

Free Testosterone, Dihydrotestosterone, and Adiponectin in the Evaluation of Vitamin D Supplementation for Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: A Metformin Comparative Study

Background: Among women of the reproductive age, the most prevalent endocrine disease with (15-44) percentile is the polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Last decades, many studies indicated that vitamin D deficiency in women with PCOS may aggravate hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance. Objectives This study was designed to investigate the role of some biochemical markers and hormonal status in evaluation the efficacy of vitamin D supplementation in treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome. Subjects and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out at Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Baghdad. It included: group I: Twenty-five women with PCOS who were treated with metformin and followed for 8 weeks, and group II: Twenty-five women with PCOS who were treated with vitamin D3 and followed for 8 weeks. Serum investigations included measurements of HOMA-IR, 25 hydroxyvitamin D3, adiponectin, androgen indices by ELISA technique Results: The mean (±SD) values of HOMA-IR, free testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, and adiponectin levels were significantly improved after treatment in both groups of metformin and vitamin D supplement compared with before their treatment (p &lt; 0.05). In addition, there was no significant differences after treatment between women treated with metformin and those treated with vitamin D supplement for all the measured parameters (p &gt; 0.05). PCOS women treated with vitamin D showed significant negative correlation between SHBG and BMI (r= -0.976, p &lt;0.001) Conclusions: Measurements of serum free testosterone, dihydrotestosterone and adiponectin are good indicators for efficacy of vitamin D supplement in improvement of insulin resistance and androgen disturbances of PCOS.

6609 Central Serous Chorioretinopathy in the Eyes of the Beholder of Testosterone Depot Injection

Abstract Disclosure: H. Ni: None. D. Kankanamge: None. J. Jabbour: None. V.A. Preda: None. Background: Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) is a characterised by subretinal fluid accumulation causing detachment of the neurosensory retina and visual disturbance[1]. It has been postulated that increased focal choriocapillaris permeability results in leakage of interstial fluid into the subretinal space[1]. CSC is a rare side effect of testosterone therapy, the exact mechanism is unclear. Case : We present a 32-year-old male gym manager who has been self-administering anabolic steroids with testsoterone ethanoate IM injections every 14 days for body building. He reported left blurred vision for 8 weeks. He was normotensive and reported taking doxycycline and azithromycin for mycoplasma genitalia. There was no history of glucocorticoid exposure, smoking, alcohol use, gastoesophageal reflux disease, hypertension, shift work, sleep apnoea, nor other established risk factors for CSC. The visual acuity was OD 6/6 and OS 6/9 with intraocular pressures of 12mmHg on the right and 15mmg on the left. Fundoscopy revealed a left serous macular elevation involving the left fovea. A macular OCT confirmed the left acute central serous chorioretinopathy and right retinal pigment epithelial changes. The latter were suggestive of right CSC in the past. Discussion: Androgens have been associated with CSC in the literature. It has been hypothesised that exogenous testosterone may cause increased choriodal blood flow and permeability, promote atheroscleorsis, cause sodium retention and potentially interact with retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) via androgen receptors4. Intramuscular testosterone therapy causes fluctuation in plasma testosterone concentration (which is thought to be more relevant than absolute value of testosterone). Most cases (60%) of CSC resolve spontaneously, and appear to coincide with cessation of testosterone therapy5. Conclusion: Clinicans need to be alert to the use of testosterone and other anabolic steroids, prescribed or self administered, particularly in their patients with CSC or who have other risk factors for CSC, such as corticosteroids, smoking and hypertension.

Higher Sensitivity of Rat Testes to Nano Nickel than Micro Nickel Particles: A Toxicological Evaluation.

Present investigations were undertaken to record the vulnerability of testis to nickel oxide nano and microparticles in Wistar rat with special reference to their preferred bioaccumulation, consequent generation of reactive species, reciprocal influence on testosterone synthesis, DNA damage in spermatids and histopathological changes. Suitable numbers of rats were gavaged NiONPs or NiOMPs (5mg/kg b.w.each) for 15 and 30days. Testes en bloc were removed and processed for the estimation of selected parameters. Results showed that rat testes could accumulate nickel in an exposure time dependent manner. Generation of malondialdehyde, a denominator of ROS, increased significantly in the testes of NiONPs treated rats. Moreover, serum testosterone values also increased in NiONPs treated rats. Higher DNA damage in sperms was also recorded. Nano and microparticles of nickel, both could induce specific dose and time dependent lesions in the testis of rat. Histopathological results revealed degeneration of germinal epithelium and spermatocytes; hypertrophy of seminiferous tubules and necrosis. SEM results also indicated specific morphological changes in cellular components of tubules. This study suggests that testis is also vulnerable to the adverse effects of NiONPs alike liver and kidney. Both micro and nanoparticles of nickel elicited differential effects in a dose and exposure time dependent manner. However, NiONPs induced greater overall toxicity than NiOMPs. The results are expected to be helpful in determining the human reproductive health risks, associated with environmental/ occupational exposure to nanoparticles of nickel.

Взаимосвязь сывороточной концентрации глобулина, связывающего половые гормоны, с возрастом и уровнем тестостерона у мужчин.

Introduction. An age-associated increase in serum levels of sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) is considered to be one of the factors leading to the development of male hypogonadism. Aim of the study: to study the relationship between the concentration of sex hormone-binding globulin in the blood serum and the age of the man, the level of total and free testosterone. Materials and methods. A single-center retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted. The results of laboratory tests of 162 male patients aged from 18 to 56 years (median – 34 years) were analyzed. The level of total testosterone and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) was determined by chemiluminescent immunoassay. The level of free testosterone was determined by the calculation method according to Vermeullen. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS Statistics v23. Results. Correlation analysis did not reveal a significant relationship between age and SHBG levels, as well as between age and total testosterone levels. Serum SHBG concentration showed a significant (p &lt; 0.001) strong positive (r=0.61) correlation with the total level and a significant (p=0.042) but very weak positive (r=0.162) correlation with the level of free testosterone Comparison of free testosterone levels in groups of patients with SHBG levels below 16 nmol/l, from 16 to 69 nmol/l and above 69 nmol/l did not reveal significant differences (p=0.163). All patients with free testosterone levels less than 225 pmol/l have total testosterone levels below 12 nmol/l. Among men with total testosterone less than 12 nmol/L, only 27% had free testosterone levels below 225 pmol/l. Conclusion. Serum SHBG levels in men 18-56 years old are not significantly associated with age. An increase in serum SHBG concentration in men is accompanied by an increase in the level of total testosterone, but does not have a significant effect on the concentration of free testosterone. Determining the level of SHBG and calculating free testosterone is advisable to carry out in patients with total testosterone levels less than 12 nmol/l, since with total testosterone values more than 12 nmol/l, the concentration of free testosterone always corresponds to normal values, and with total testosterone values less than 12 nmol/l only 27% of patients have a reduced concentration of free testosterone.

Determining the Levels of Cortisol, Testosterone, Lactic Acid and Anaerobic Performance in Athletes Using Various Forms of Coffee.

Coffee is considered one of the most preferred and consumed beverage types in the world, and caffeine is known to increase physical performance due to its ergogenic properties. The aim of this study is to examine the effects of coffee consumption in different forms on cortisol, testosterone, lactic acid and anaerobic performance levels. A total of 15 licensed male football players participated in the research voluntarily. The research was implemented in a single-blind, counterbalanced, randomized and crossover study design. Participants were given caffeinated coffee (CK), decaffeinated coffee (placebo) (DK), powdered caffeine (in a gelatin capsule) (PC) and powdered placebo (maltodextrin in a capsule) (PM) on different days, and the Wingate test protocol was performed after the warm-up protocol. Blood samples were collected post-test. Cortisol, testosterone and lactic acid levels in the serum samples taken were determined by the ELISA method. As a result, it was revealed that caffeinated coffee given to participants who exercise increased anaerobic power. However, it was observed that lactic acid levels were higher in placebo and decaffeinated coffee. The highest level of cortisol was found in caffeinated coffee and powdered caffeine compared to the placebo. Testosterone values were observed to be highest in caffeinated coffee and decaffeinated coffee compared to a placebo. The study suggests that the type of caffeine is a factor that affects absorption rate, which impacts performance and hormone levels.

INFLUENCE OF FEED TYPE ON THE HORMONAL PROFILE OF DOES AT VARIOUS PHYSIOLOGICAL STAGES

The study evaluated the influence of feed on the hormonal profiles of West African Dwarf (WAD) and Sahel goats at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Federal Polytechnic Bali, Taraba State. This is to determine the hormonal profile of does at various physiological statuses (puberty, conception and lactation). A total of 16 WAD and 16 Sahel foundation stock of both sexes were used for the study which lasted for 26 months. The animals were fed Gmelina + Cassava peel (Gm+Cpm), Gmelina + cowpea husk (Gm+Cph) Ficus + Cassava peel (Fs+Cpm) and Ficus+Cowpea husk (Fs+Cph) as experimental treatments diets in addition to basal grazing. Out of the stock population, in each treatments group, 2 adults and 8 young females at pubertal stage were assessed. To determine the hormonal level, 5ml of blood was collected from the jugular vein, and samples were then centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 15 minutes. The serum was then decanted into plastic tube kept at -20 oC. At the onset, the reagents, serum reference calibrators and specimen to be used in the assay were kept at room temperature (20-27 OC). known quantity (0.025 ml) 25 μL of each of the appropriate serum reference calibrator, control or specimen were separately pipette into their assigned micro plate wells in duplicates. Both breed and treatment did not affect significantly any of the hormones investigated. However, the trend showed higher levels for the Sahel goats for the three hormones. In addition, for testosterone there was seemingly a lower value for diet with Cpm. In conclusion, both progesterone and oestradiol in pregnant and lactating does did not vary with breed. However, the two varied statistically with diet and physiological status, and of course the pregnancy stage had higher hormonal values than lactation. Also, at puberty, hormonal level did not vary with breed and diet. However, the trend showed higher levels in Sahel goats and also higher oestradiol for Gm but lower values of testosterone for Cpm diets.

Metabolic and hormonal responses to acute high-load resistance exercise in normobaric hypoxia using a saturation clamp.

We assessed metabolic and hormonal responses to high-load resistance exercise under varying normobaric hypoxia conditions with a saturation clamp. Employing a counterbalanced, crossover test design, ten well-trained men participated in three exercise trials with normoxic or hypoxic gas mixtures to maintain arterial oxygen saturation at -90% and 80% [moderate (MH) and severe (SH) hypoxia, respectively]. The resistance exercise regimen comprised five sets of 10 repetitions of barbell back squats at 70% of one repetition maximum, with 1-min rest between sets. Metabolic and hormonal responses were measured before normoxia or hypoxia exposures (Pre 1), 15min after the exposures (Pre 2), and at 0-, 15-, and 30-min post-exercises (T0, T15, and T30, respectively). Compared to Pre 2, blood lactate concentrations and growth hormone values were elevated at T0, T15, and T30 (p ≤ 0.001), while testosterone values increased at T0 in all conditions (p ≤ 0.009). Epinephrine values increased significantly from Pre 2 to T0 in SH only (p < 0.001). SH had significantly higher blood lactate concentrations (p = 0.023), growth hormone (p = 0.050), and epinephrine (p = 0.020) values at T30 compared to NM. Cortisol values were elevated above Pre 2at T15 in MH and SH, while lower testosterone values were noted at T0 and T15 for SH compared to NM and MH (all p ≤ 0.05). Severe simulated hypoxia, achieved through a saturation clamp during barbell back squats, may enhance metabolic and hormonal responses, particularly 30min post-session. Nevertheless, the acute effects of hypoxia exposure seem to be overridden by the impact of high-load resistance exercise.

One out of two idiopathic infertile men has pathologic sperm DNA fragmentation values: Potential implications for clinical practice.

To investigate the distribution of sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) values and their association with clinical and seminal parameters in idiopathic infertile men. Data from 3224 primary infertile men (belonging to couples having failed to conceive a pregnancy within 12 months) who underwent a thorough diagnostic work-up were analysed. A SDF value ≥ 30% (according to Sperm Chromatin Structure Assay) was considered pathologic. We excluded: (1) men with genetic abnormalities; (2) men with history of cryptorchidism; (3) men with biochemical hypogonadism; (4) men with clinical varicocele; and (5) men with other possible known aetiological factors. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analyses were used to describe the whole cohort. Of all, 792 (23%) men with at least one abnormal WHO semen parameter but without any identified aetiologic factor for infertility, were considered as idiopathic infertile men. Of 792, 418 (52.7%) men had SDF≥30%. Men with pathologic SDF were older (p = .02), had higher Follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH) (p = .04) but lower total testosterone (p = .03) values than those with SDF<30%. The homoeostatic model assessment index for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was higher in men with SDF≥30% (p = .01). Idiopathic infertile men with SDF≥30% presented with lower sperm concentration (p < .001) and lower progressive sperm motility (p < .01) than those with SDF < 30%. Logistic regression analysis revealed that older age (OR: 1.1, p = .02) and higher HOMA-IR score (OR: 1.8, p = .03) were associated with SDF ≥ 30%, after accounting for FSH and sperm concentration values. Approximately half of infertile men categorized as idiopathic had pathologic SDF values. Idiopathic infertile men with pathologic SDF showed worse clinical, hormonaland semen parameters than those with normal SDF values. These results suggest that including SDF testing could be clinically relevant over the real-life management work-up of infertile men.

Risk factors for Gleason score upgrade from prostate biopsy to radical prostatectomy.

Accurate identification of prostate cancer Gleason grade group remains an important component of the initial management of clinically localized disease. However, Gleason score upgrading (GSU) from biopsy to radical prostatectomy can occur in up to a third of patients treated with surgery. Concern for disease undergrading remains a source of diagnostic uncertainty, contributing to both over-treatment of low-risk disease as well as under-treatment of higher-risk prostate cancer. This review examines the published literature concerning risk factors for GSU from time of biopsy to prostatectomy final pathology. Risk factors identified for Gleason upgrading include patient demographic and clinical factors including age, body mass index, race, prostate volume, and biomarker based assays, including prostate-specific antigen (PSA) density, and testosterone values. In addition, prostate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings have also been associated with GSU. Biopsy-specific characteristics associated with GSU include lower number of biopsy cores and lack of targeted methodology, and possibly increasing percent biopsy core positivity. Recognition of risk factors for disease undergrading may prompt confirmatory testing including repeat sampling or imaging. Continued refinements in imaging guided biopsy techniques may also reduce sampling error contributing to undergrading.

RESPONSES OF NIGERIAN LOCAL COCKERELS TO DIETARY VITAMIN A SUPPLEMENTATION

A five-week experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary vitamin A (VA) supplementation on blood testosterone and semen quality characteristics of Nigerian local cockerels. Sixty-four, pubertal local cockerels were divided into 4 groups of 16 birds, and each group replicated four times. Each group was assigned to one experimental diet in a completely randomized design designated Q (0 mg VA per 300 g dry matter (DM feed)), Q (0.75 mg VA per 300 g dry matter (DM feed)), Q2 (1.50 mg VA per 300 g dry matter (DM feed)) and Q, (2.25 mg VA per 300 g dry matter (DM feed)). Semen and blood samples for analysis were randomly obtained from 2 birds in each replicate and analysed statistically. A quadratic equation was used to determine the VA levels for optimum serum testosterone and semen values. Daily VA supplementation at 0.75 mg/ 300g DM feed increased (P&lt;0.05) ejaculate volume and sperm concentration value. In addition, daily VA supplementation at 1.15 mg/300 g DM feed increased normal sperm and active motile cells by 1.78% and 24.51%, respectively while, daily VA administration at 2.25 mg/300 g DM feed reduced (P&lt;0.05) sluggish motile cells by 57.32% and increased (P&lt;0.05) serum testosterone by 49.00%. Results of quadratic function revealed that VA levels of 2.03, 3.27, 2.24, 1.22, 2.57 and 2.08 mg/300 g DM feed supported optimum ejaculate volume, pH, sperm concentration, active motile sperm and normal sperm production while the highest ratio of 4.16 supported optimum testosterone level. There are significant (P&lt;0.01) regression effect on sluggish motile sperm and serum testosterone value of local cockerels on daily VA. It is concluded that daily vitamin A supplementation at 0.75 -2.25 mg /300 g DM feed positively influenced blood testosterone and some semen traits of local cockerels.

Testosterone concentrations and associated predictors in men with cystic fibrosis: A retrospective, single-center study

BackgroundMen with cystic fibrosis (CF) have sexual health concerns such as delayed puberty, infertility, and hypogonadism. The causes and prevalence of hypogonadism have not been well studied. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of a low testosterone concentration in men with CF. MethodsThis retrospective study was approved by the Emory University Institutional Review Board (IRB). Data were extracted from the electronic medical records of adult men with CF receiving care at the Emory Cystic Fibrosis Center. A total of 129 men with CF were followed at our center from 2016 to 2023. Of these individuals, 76 men with CF (58.9%) had at least one serum total testosterone measurement. Seven individuals were excluded from this study since they were currently receiving testosterone therapy, leaving a final sample size of 69 individuals for the analysis. Demographic data, serum testosterone concentrations, and other factors associated with low testosterone concentrations were collected. Low testosterone was defined as a value below 300 ng/dL. Regression analyses were used to determine factors associated with low testosterone levels. ResultsThe mean (± SD) age of the 69 eligible participants was 33.34 ± 10.98 years. The mean testosterone concentration was 421 ± 158.5 ng/dL with 27.54 percent of men with a testosterone value below 300 ng/dL. The mean hemoglobin level was 14.23 ± 2.18 g/dL. Testosterone levels were positively related to hemoglobin levels. Time of day of measurement and age were not associated with testosterone levels. ConclusionRoughly a quarter of men with CF demonstrated low testosterone in our sample. Low hemoglobin was associated with low testosterone levels in men with CF. Neither time of day nor age influenced testosterone concentrations in this sample.

Association between life's essential 8 and male biochemical androgen deficiency: evidence from NHANES 2013-2016.

To evaluate the association of Life's Essential 8 (LE8) and its subscales with male biochemical androgen deficiency (MBAD) and total testosterone based on the data from the national health and nutrition examination survey (NHANES) database. Data of males aged 20 years or older from NHANES of 2013-2016 were extracted. LE8 score was calculated based on American Heart Association definitions. Total testosterone (TT) values were measured in NHANES using precise isotope dilution liquid chromatography. MBAD was defined as serum TT of <300 ng/dL. Univariate and multivariable analyses were conducted. Propensity score matching (PSM) and weighted regression after matching were added as sensitivity analyses. The generalized additive model, smooth curve fitting, and the recursive algorithm were used to determine the potential inflection points. Piecewise regression models with log-likelihood ratio test were used to quantify nonlinear effects. A total of 3094 participants who were males and aged 20 years or above were included. Out of them, 805 males were diagnosed with MBAD. After adjusting the confounders in the multivariable model, LE8 was independently associated with MBAD (OR 0.96, P < 0.001) and TT (β 2.7, P < 0.001). The association remained robust even after PSM. The non-linear relationship of LE8 behaviors score with MBAD and TT was revealed. LE8 was an independent protective factor of MBAD and a feasible approach to promote male endocrine sexual function.

Effect of saponins in Panax notoginseng (Burkill) F. H. Chen on the steroid hormone levels in the chronic unpredictable mild stress model of depression in rats

Recent research has indicated that Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) extracted from the radix of Panax notoginseng (Burkill) F. H. Chen exert antidepressant effects. This study aimed to assess the antidepressive effects of ginsenoside Rg1 and PNS in a depression model induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). Over a period of three weeks, rats were administered ginsenoside Rg1 at a dose of 30 mg/kg and PNS at dosages ranging from 100 to 200 mg/kg body weight per day. To assess how ginsenoside Rg1 and PNS influence depression-like behaviours in rats, various assessments were conducted, including coat state evaluation, forced swim test, and elevated plus maze test. The levels of cortisol and testosterone in serum samples were analysed using the liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) method. LC-ESI-MS/MS method provides precise and accurate results. The lower limit of quantification values for cortisol and testosterone were determined as 100 and 2 pg/mL, respectively. Our data demonstrated that both ginsenoside Rg1 and PNS significantly reversed depression-like behaviour in rats by improving coat condition, reducing immobility time in the forced swim test, and increasing time spent in the open arms of the elevated plus maze test. Furthermore, ginsenoside Rg1 and PNS exhibited a regulatory effect on cortisol and testosterone levels in plasma. These findings suggest that ginsenoside Rg1 and PNS may be potential antidepressants in clinical treatment.

THE INFLUENCE OF TESTOSTERONE ON THE BEHAVIOR OF THE AUTISTIC CHILD

Background The impact of testosterone on autism symptoms is still being studied, and the precise mechanisms are not yet fully understood. Objectives Numerous studies have been conducted to investigate the relationship between autism and testosterone levels. The biochemical analysis of testosterone is important to perform for boys, especially for those diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders who also present a high level of aggression. Materials and methods While the exact causes of autism are still unknown, researchers have been studying the relationship between autism and testosterone levels in the body. It is suggested that testosterone may play a role in the higher prevalence of autism spectrum disorder to males compared to females. This has led researchers to investigate whether there is a link between autism and testosteronem. Results Some studies have reported higher levels of testosterone in individuals with autism compared to those without autism. After analyzing the results obtained in our study, higher values of testosterone are observed in children diagnosed with ASD compared to those without ASD who form the control group, but from a statistical point of view there are no significant differences. Some researchers propose that testosterone may have an effect on certain behaviors and characteristics commonly observed in individuals with autism. Studies have shown that children with autism tend to have higher levels of testosterone in their bodies than children without autism. It is important to note that not all children with autism have high levels of testosterone, and not all children with high levels of testosterone have autism. Conclusions These varying results may be attributed to the heterogeneity of autism itself, as it encompasses a wide range of symptoms and characteristics. Early intervention is the key and children with autism can benefit from therapies such as speech therapy, occupational therapy and behavioral therapy. More researches are needed to fully understand the relationship between autism and testosterone.