Tested Research Articles

Protective effects of Equisetum arvense methanolic extract on testicular tissue disorders in streptozotocin-induced diabetic murine model.

Diabetes in a long period can damage the testicular tissue and impair the male fertility potential. Recently, different herbal treatments have been used for the prevention of type I diabetes and its pathological effects. Methanolic extract of Equisetum arvense has anti-oxidant and hypoglycemic properties. Thus, the current study aimed to evaluate the protective effects of Equisetum arvense methanolic extract (EE) on diabetes-induced detrimental effects in mice testicular tissue. Thirty-two adult male mice were randomly divided into four groups including control-sham, diabetic (induced by streptozotocin, 50.00 mg kg-1 for five days), diabetic + EE 250 (250 mg kg-1) and diabetic + EE 500 (500 mg kg-1). After 45 days, all animals were euthanized and their testicles were dissected out and undergone histological analyses. Moreover, the serum level of testosterone was evaluated. Analyses showed that seminiferous tubules diameter, Leydig cells number per mm2 of the connective tissue, Sertoli cells number per tubule, serum level of testosterone and percentage of seminiferous tubules with positive tubular differentiation, repopulation and spermiogenesis indices were significantly decreased in the diabetic group in comparison with control-sham group. The administration of EE in test groups significantly decreased the adverse effects of diabetes (especially 500 mg kg-1). The results of this study revealed that diabetes disturbs spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis processes in mice. Meanwhile, the EE prevents diabetes-induced damages in mice testicular tissue, which may be associated with its hypoglycemic and antioxidative activities.

Low Serum Inhibin B/Follicle-Stimulating Hormones and Anti-Müllerian Hormone/Follicle-Stimulating Hormones Ratios as Markers of Decreased Germ Cells in Infants with Bilateral Cryptorchidism

In cryptorchidism, germ cell development failure presents from infancy and may be reflected by altered hormonal levels produced by Sertoli cells. Our object was to assess for associations between serum hormone levels and testicular histopathology in cryptorchidism with an infertility risk according to the pretreatment undescended testicular positions. Prepubertal cryptorchid boys aged 7-91 (median 20) months who underwent orchidopexy between 2014 and 2019 were included (122 unilateral [median 19 months {range 7-91}], 23 bilateral [24 months {11-81}]). We evaluated the pretreatment testicular position and size; serum hormone levels; and the mean number of germ cells per tubule transverse section (G/T). We also performed a subgroup analysis of boys aged ≤24 months at orchidopexy. Serum inhibin B levels and G/T were significantly lower in bilateral than in unilateral cryptorchid boys (median 96 [range 46-197] pg/ml vs 125 [21-354] pg/ml, p=0.026; 0.20 [0-2.59] vs 0.65 [0-4.55], p <0.001, respectively). Inhibin B/follicle-stimulating hormones (FSH) and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH)/FSH ratios were positively correlated with G/T in bilateral cryptorchid boys aged ≤24 months (12, p=0.008 and p=0.019, respectively). Low inhibin B/FSH and AMH/FSH ratios and high FSH were predictors of impaired G/T as per receiver operating characteristic curves (p=0.019, p=0.004 and p=0.004, respectively), whereas in unilateral cryptorchid boys aged ≤24 months, serum hormone levels and G/T did not differ with the pretreatment testicular positions. In bilateral cryptorchid boys aged ≤24 months at orchidopexy, low inhibin B/FSH and AMH/FSH ratios may reflect impaired G/T and future infertility risk.

FUNCTIONAL PITUITARY GONADOTROPHIC ADENOMA IN MALE PATIENTS: CASE REPORTS

INTRODUCTION: Pituitary gonadotrophic adenomas (FGA) are common but only minority of them secrete Luteinizing hormone (LH) and Follicle Stimulating hormone (FSH). These hormones are biologically inactive as they do not affect the secretion of sex hormones. Few case reports showed high testosterone/estrogen levels with elevated or normal LH and FSH. CASE DESCRIPTION: We report two cases aging 61 years and 52 years, presented with visual disturbance and headache at Aga Khan University Hospital, with gradual onset of symptoms over months with no history of weight change, broadening of hands or abdominal striae. Examination revealed bitemporal hemianopia, normal vitals and testicular sizes. Case 1: Investigations revealed elevated FSH [36.66 mIU/ml (Normal=1.4-15.4)], testosterone [952.7 mlU/ml (Normal=193-740)], high normal LH [7.09 mlU/ml (Normal=1.2-7.8)], insulin-like-growth factor 1 (IGF-1) [34 ng/ml (Normal=54.6-185.7), free-thyroxine (FT4) [0.69 ng/dl (Normal=0.89-1.76)], prolactin [12.4 ng/ml (Normal=3-14.7)] and 8AM-cortisol [2.6 ug/dl (Normal=4.3-22.4)]. Case 2: Investigations revealed high normal FSH of 13.61 mIU/mL and high testosterone level of &gt;1500 ng/dL but normal LH 4.45 mlU/mL, 8AM-cortisol=12.60 ug/dl, FT4=0.88 ng/dl and prolactin=36.80 ng/ml. Magnetic resonance imaging brain revealed mass lesion measuring 27.5×25.4×3 mm (case-1) and 45×39 mm (case-2) arising from pituitary gland and extending in to surround structures. Thyroxine and steroids were started for case 1 preoperatively. Both patienst underwent transsphenoidal resection of tumor. Postoperatively, a significant decrease in testosterone, FSH and LH level and resolution of symptoms were observed. CONCLUSION: FGA should be considered in presence of elevated testosterone/estrogen and normal or elevated FSH/LH. Early diagnosis leads to a better outcome.

Natural products against cisplatin-induced male reproductive toxicity: A comprehensive review.

Cisplatin is widely used as one of the most effective anticancer agents in the treatment of some neoplasms. Reproductive toxicity is the most common outcome associated with cisplatin testicular damage. Alternative natural medicines for treating male testicular disorders and infertility have received extensive attention in research. Natural products, medicinal herbs, and their secondary metabolites have been shown as promising agents in the management of testicular damage induced by chemotherapy drugs. This study aimed to review the research related to natural substances that are promising in mitigation of the cisplatin-induced toxicity in the reproductive system.PubMed and Scopus were searched for studies on various natural products for their potential protective property against reproductive toxicity induced by cisplatin from 2000 to 2020. Eligibility was checked based on selection criteria.Fifty-nine articles were included in this review. Mainly in animal studies, several natural agents have positively affected cisplatin-reproductive-toxicity factors, including reactive oxygen species, inflammatory mediators, DNA damage, and activation of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Most of the natural agents were investigated in short-term duration and high doses of cisplatin exposure, considering their antioxidant activity against oxidative stress.Considering antioxidant properties, various natural products might be effective for the management of cisplatin reproductive toxicity. However, long-term recovery of spermatogenesis and management of low-dose-cisplatin toxicity should be considered as well as the bioavailability of these agents before and after treatment with cisplatin without affecting its anticancer activity.

P102 - Testicular disorders’ awareness and knowledge among Portuguese high-school students

P102 - Testicular disorders’ awareness and knowledge among Portuguese high-school students

Hormonal, Histological, and Comparative Study of the Effect of Pure Ginseng on Testicular Function in the Breeding/Non-Breeding Season of Rams in Basrah.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of the administration of powdered Panax ginseng as a dietary supplement on testosterone concentration, spermatogenesis stimulating hormone, interstitial cell-stimulating hormone levels, sperms morphological characteristics, testis histological traits, and testicular size in the breeding and non-breeding season in adult rams. In total, 20 adult rams were included and randomly divided into three groups. The first group of adult rams (n=8) was subdivided into two subgroups of four rams (Sub-G1-B and Sub-G2-B). TheSub-G1-B and Sub-G2-B were fed 2 and 5 g of P. ginseng once a day, respectively, for 90 days during the breeding season. The second group of adult rams (n=8) was subdivided into two subgroups of four rams (Sub-G1-NB and Sub-G2-NB). The Sub-G1-NB and Sub-G2-NB were fed 2 and 5 g of P. ginseng once a day, respectively, for 90 days during the non-breeding season. The third group of adult rams (n=4) was considered the control group two times (in and out of the season). The results showed that the testosterone concentration and gonad protective and interstitial cell-stimulating hormone levels increased significantly (P<0.05) in both the experimental groups that received ginseng supplementation, compared to the control group in and out of the breeding season. The evaluation of sperm morphometric parameters, such as total sperm count, total motility, and progressive motility, showed superiority in improving the above-mentioned parameters. However, the total immotile sperms and non-progressive sperms underwent a significant decrease (P<0.05) in both experimental groups of ginseng supplemented, compared to the control group in and out of season. The angiogenesis of the seminiferous tubules increased significantly (P<0.05) in both experimental groups. Through a microscopic examination, the recorded data showed a significant increase in the population of spermatogonial stem cells as well as primary and secondary spermatocytes in both experimental groups. Values of testicular diameter showed a significant increase (P<0.05) after a period of 75 and 90 days following the initiation of treatments in both experimental groups, compared to the control group in and out of the season. It can be concluded that P. ginseng has some beneficial effects on the antioxidant status of the semen, the morphometric parameters, and other critical traits of sperm and testicles which are the important factors in male fertility.

Generation of an induced pluripotent stem cell line GZHMCi008-A derived from a patient with SRY-positive 46,XX testicular disorder of sex development

The testicular disorder of sex development (TDSD) is a rare condition characterized by a male appearance with a female karyotype. The most frequent cause of TDSD is misplacement of the sex determining region Y (SRY) gene on the X chromosome. Here, we report the generation of an induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) line from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of a patient with SRY-positive 46,XX TDSD. This cell line offers an unprecedented cellular model to investigate the profound manifestations like infertility of the male sex reversal patients, and serves as a useful tool to develop therapies for the disease.

Masculinization of betta fish (&lt;i&gt;Betta&lt;/i&gt; sp) using cow testic flour through Artemia Immersion

Betta fish (Betta sp) is a freshwater ornamental fish during the pandemic that is very popular with the public. However, people tend to prefer male betta fish than female fish. To deal with the large number of requests, a sex reversal technique is carried out which applies hormonal engineering to change female to male sexual characters (masculinization) using natural ingredients, namely cow testicle flour. The purpose of this study was to analyze the dose of bovine testicular flour hormone on the process of oral male betta fish larvae. This research was conducted in Moncongloe Village, Maros Regency, from July to September 2021. The production of beef testicle flour was carried out in the Chemical Engineering laboratory, Ujung Pandang State Polytechnic. Betta fish seeds were kept each in an aquarium measuring 20 cm x 14 cm x 20 cm as many as 12 pieces. Soaking artemia with beef testicle flour with a predetermined dose of 60 mg L-1, 80 mg L-1 and 100 mg L-1, the duration of immersion is 24 hours. This study used a one-factor completely randomized design (CRD). The results obtained were the highest percentage of male genitalia at a dose of 100 mg L-1 with a percentage of 66.7%. The survival rate of betta fish during the maintenance period with different doses of cow testicles obtained data ranging from 80-100%.

The Potential Protective Effect and Possible Mechanism of Peptides from Oyster (Crassostrea hongkongensis) Hydrolysate on Triptolide-Induced Testis Injury in Male Mice.

Peptides from oyster hydrolysate (OPs) have a variety of biological activities. However, its protective effect and exact mechanism on testicular injury remain poorly understood. This study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of OPs on triptolide (TP)-induced testis damage and spermatogenesis dysfunction and investigate its underlying mechanism. In this work, the TP-induced testis injury model was created while OPs were gavaged in mice for 4 weeks. The results showed that OPs significantly improved the sperm count and motility of mice, and alleviated the seminiferous tubule injury. Further study showed that OPs decreased malonaldehyde (MDA) level and increased antioxidant enzyme (SOD and GPH-Px) activities, attenuating oxidative stress and thereby reducing the number of apoptotic cells in the testis. In addition, OPs improved the activities of enzymes (LDH, ALP and ACP) related to energy metabolism in the testis and restored the serum hormone level of mice to normal. Furthermore, OPs promoted the expression of Nrf2 protein, and then increased the expression of antioxidant enzyme regulatory protein (HO-1 and NQO1) in the testis. OPs inhibited JNK phosphorylation and Bcl-2/Bax-mediated apoptosis. In conclusion, OPs have a protective effect on testicular injury and spermatogenesis disorders caused by TP, suggesting the potential protection of OPs on male reproduction.

Testicular microlithiasis defines a subgroup of azoospermic men with low rates of sperm retrieval.

To investigate the prevalence of testicular microlithiasis and its association with sperm retrieval rates and histopathology in men with non-obstructive azoospermia. A total of 120 men underwent scrotal ultrasonography prior to microsurgical testicular sperm extraction. Sperm retrieval rate, testicular histopathology, testicular size, reproductive hormones, karyotyping, Y chromosome microdeletion analyses, and presence of varicoceles and hydroceles were compared between men with and without testicular microlithiasis. The total sperm retrieval rate was 40%. Ten men with normal spermatogenesis were excluded. The remaining 110 men with non-obstructive azoospermia were analyzed and testicular microlithiasis was detected in 16 of them (14.5%). The sperm retrieval rate in that subgroup was only 6.2% (1/16) as opposed to 39.4% (37/94) in men with non-obstructive azoospermia and no evidence of microlithiasis (P = 0.009). The mean right and left testicular diameters were significantly lower in the microlithiasis group (P = 0.04). On multivariate logistic regression analysis, the presence of mictolithiasis (odds ratio 7.4, 95% confidence interval 2.3, 12.2; P = 0.01) was the only independent predictor of unsuccessful sperm retrieval. The 15 patients with microlithiasis and without successful sperm extraction were diagnosed by histopathology as having Sertoli cells only. The 16th patient with successful sperm retrieval had a histopathology of mixed atrophy and was diagnosed with Klinefelter syndrome. The presence of testicular microlithiasis is associated with low sperm retrieval rates among our cohort of men with non-obstructive azoospermia undergoing scrotal ultrasonography prior to microsurgical testicular sperm extraction. Larger, prospective studies should be conducted to confirm these findings.

P20 - Testicular disorders’ awareness and knowledge among Portuguese high-school students

P20 - Testicular disorders’ awareness and knowledge among Portuguese high-school students

IMPACT OF A BLOOD-BASED RISK CLASSIFIER ON MANAGEMENT OF BENIGN PULMONARY NODULES IN A REAL-WORLD OBSERVATIONAL STUDY

IMPACT OF A BLOOD-BASED RISK CLASSIFIER ON MANAGEMENT OF BENIGN PULMONARY NODULES IN A REAL-WORLD OBSERVATIONAL STUDY

The impact of different cleaning protocols on resin bond strength to polymer-infiltrated ceramic material

Purpose: This study measured and compared shear bond strength (SBS) of a composite resin cement with that of PICN material after different surface cleaning methods. Materials and Methods: Forty Vita-Enamic plates (10x7x2 mm) were fabricated using of a low speed, water-cooled diamond saw. All plates were air-borne particle abraded using 50µm Al2O3 then contaminated with saliva, after that all plates were classified into four groups (n=10): control group (CG) in which conventional cleaning with air-water spry was used, and three test groups as follow: ultrasonic cleaning (UCG), steam cleaning (SCG), Ivoclean cleaning (ICG). Composite resin discs (Nexcomp) were cemented to ceramic plates using self-adhesive resin cement (Charm Supercem). All bonded specimens were stored in 37°C water for 1 month then, thermocycled 1000 times in water baths between 5˚C and 55˚C. Shear bond strength (SBS) test was performed using a universal testing machine. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) was used for failure mode examination. Results: Different cleaning methods significantly increased SBS values of tested groups compared to control one (p=0.000). The highest mean SBS (MPa) was reported for (SC) test group (18.41±1.5 MPa) followed by (UC) test group (11.52±.99MPa). While the lowest mean SBS was observed for (CG) (4.00 ±.59 MPa). There was statistically significant difference between (SCG) and other groups (CG, UCG, ICG) (p=0.0001). There was no statistically significant difference between IC and UC test groups (p=0.2941). Conclusion: Within the limitation of the present study, the bond strength of self-adhesive resin cement to hybrid ceramics increased by different surface cleaning protocols.

Quercetin ameliorates testosterone secretion disorder by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress through the miR-1306-5p/HSD17B7 axis in diabetic rats.

Testicular damage and testosterone secretion disorder are associated with diabetes mellitus. Quercetin, a common flavonoid, has antioxidant, anti-cancer, and blood sugar lowering effects. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effect of quercetin on the reproductive system of male rats with diabetes in vivo and in vitro and elucidate its mechanism. Streptozotocin (STZ) induction was used to establish a diabetes model in 40 male Sprague Dawley rats, which were subsequently administered with 20 or 50 mg/kg of quercetin. Leydig cells of rat testes were treated by high glucose (HG) followed by 5 or 10 μM quercetin. Two doses of quercetin increased rat body weight and testicular weight, decreased blood glucose, and inhibited oxidative stress. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting revealed that quercetin alleviated STZ-induced testicular damage and promoted testosterone synthesis. Both doses of quercetin reduced reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde levels, and increased superoxide dismutase level in HG-treated cells. Both, in vivo and in vitro results confirmed that a high dose of quercetin was more effective. MiR-1306-5p was upregulated in testicular tissue of diabetic rats and HG-treated cells. 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD17B7) was a target of miR-1306-5p and HSD17B7 was downregulated in STZ-induced rat tissues and HG-treated cells. HSD17B7 overexpression reversed the increase of C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) and glucose-regulated protein 78 (Grp78) protein levels as well as eIF2α phosphorylation level and promotion of cell apoptosis caused by miR-1306-5p overexpression. Moreover, overexpression of HSD17B7 activated the Janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 axis in HG-treated cells. In conclusion, quercetin inhibits endoplasmic reticulum stress and improves testosterone secretion disorder through the miR-1306-5p/HSD17B7 axis in diabetic rats.

MP40-10 TESTICULAR TUMOR SIZE IS ASSOCIATED WITH NONLOCALIZED DISEASE AT DIAGNOSIS

You have accessJournal of UrologyPenile & Testicular Cancer I (MP40)1 Sep 2021MP40-10 TESTICULAR TUMOR SIZE IS ASSOCIATED WITH NONLOCALIZED DISEASE AT DIAGNOSIS Vidit Sharma, Patrick M. Lec, Katherine E. Fero, Andrew T Lenis, Joseph D. Shirk, Abhishek Venkataramana, Michael S. Leapman, Karim Chamie, Christopher S. Saigal, and Mark S. Litwin Vidit SharmaVidit Sharma More articles by this author , Patrick M. LecPatrick M. Lec More articles by this author , Katherine E. FeroKatherine E. Fero More articles by this author , Andrew T LenisAndrew T Lenis More articles by this author , Joseph D. ShirkJoseph D. Shirk More articles by this author , Abhishek VenkataramanaAbhishek Venkataramana More articles by this author , Michael S. LeapmanMichael S. Leapman More articles by this author , Karim ChamieKarim Chamie More articles by this author , Christopher S. SaigalChristopher S. Saigal More articles by this author , and Mark S. LitwinMark S. Litwin More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000002055.10AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Abstract INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Primary testicular tumor size >3 cm was recently added to the American Joint Commission on Cancer’s (AJCC) 8th edition as a criterion for tumor stage 1b in seminomas but not non-seminomatous germ cell tumors (NSGCTs). We analyzed the association of testicular tumor size with nonlocalized disease at diagnosis to determine if incorporating tumor size into staging improves discernment of metastatic propensity. METHODS: We queried the National Cancer Database (NCDB) for patients with testicular seminomas and NSGCTs in 2004–2016. We used fixed-effects multivariable logistic regressions to associate testicular tumor size and nonlocalized disease at diagnosis, defined as any cN+/M+/S+. Regressions adjusted for sociodemographic variables and AJCC 7th edition primary tumor stage that accounted for lymphovascular invasion (pT2) and involvement of the tunica vaginalis (pT2), spermatic cord (pT3), and scrotum (pT4). Significant associations of tumor size with nonlocalized disease were further characterized using non-linear restricted cubic splines to inform tumor size thresholds. RESULTS: Among 16,181 seminomas and 13,804 NSGCTs, 25.1% and 52.2% were nonlocalized at diagnosis, respectively (p<0.01 for difference). Figure 1A demonstrates that patients in higher tumor size deciles had a higher risk of nonlocalized disease at diagnosis for both seminomas and NSGCTs. On multivariable regression, 5 cm increases in tumor size were associated with nonlocalized disease in both seminoma (OR 2.29, 95% CI 2.13-2.47, p<0.001) and NSGCT (OR 1.75, 95% CI 1.62-1.89, p<0.001) with modest increases in area under the curve: 0.615 to 0.664 for seminoma and 0.638 to 0.662 for NSGCT. Restricted cubic splines demonstrated inflection points at about 3 cm and 4 cm for seminoma and NSGCT, respectively (Figure 1B). CONCLUSIONS: The addition of testicular tumor size to primary tumor staging modestly improves prediction of nonlocalized disease in both seminoma and NSGCTs. Our results support the inclusion of a 3 cm tumor size threshold into the primary tumor staging of seminomas and support investigations regarding the addition of a 4 cm tumor size threshold for NSGCTs. Further study is warranted using more granular datasets to verify these findings. Source of Funding: Vidit Sharma is supported by the VA HSRD fellowship © 2021 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 206Issue Supplement 3September 2021Page: e718-e718 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2021 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Vidit Sharma More articles by this author Patrick M. Lec More articles by this author Katherine E. Fero More articles by this author Andrew T Lenis More articles by this author Joseph D. Shirk More articles by this author Abhishek Venkataramana More articles by this author Michael S. Leapman More articles by this author Karim Chamie More articles by this author Christopher S. Saigal More articles by this author Mark S. Litwin More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Loading ...

MP21-04 SUCCESSFUL SPERM RETRIEVAL FOR MEN WITH Y CHROMOSOME AZFC MICRODELETION

You have accessJournal of UrologyInfertility: Epidemiology & Evaluation I (MP21)1 Sep 2021MP21-04 SUCCESSFUL SPERM RETRIEVAL FOR MEN WITH Y CHROMOSOME AZFC MICRODELETION I-Shen Huang, Wei-Jen Chen, and William J Huang I-Shen HuangI-Shen Huang More articles by this author , Wei-Jen ChenWei-Jen Chen More articles by this author , and William J HuangWilliam J Huang More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000002006.04AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Abstract INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Among the genetic aberrations contributing to male infertility, the deletion of the AZFc region of the Y chromosome is a common cause of spermatogenetic failure and the chances for successful surgical sperm extraction from azoospermic men with AZFc region microdeletion are relatively good. Nevertheless, it is still a challenge to procure sperm from a sizeable proportion of individuals with AZFc microdeletion, even when meticulous surgical measures are employed. The objective of this study is to identify predictive factors for successful sperm retrieval in men with AZFc microdeletion. METHODS: 76 infertile men were studied, each having Y chromosome AZFc microdeletion at some time during a 10-year period, as confirmed by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of STS (sequence tagged site). For each patient, the endocrine profile including serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), total testosterone (TT), prolactin (PRL) and estradiol (E2) was recorded, along with intratesticular testosterone level (ITT), age and testicular size. The factors were further analyzed to determine the key predictors for successful sperm retrieval. RESULTS: Of the 76 men with AZFc microdeletion, 56 were classified as having non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA), 8 as having cryptozoospermia, and 12 as having severe oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (OAT). Of the 56 men with azoospermia, 50 received microdissection TESE (mTESE), and sperm retrieval was successful in 37 of those cases (74 %). A significantly lower serum FSH (P = 0.02) was found in those patients from whom sperm could be successfully retrieved. On the other hand, parameters such as levels of LH, TT, PRL, E2, testicular volume and age were not found to be correlated with successful sperm recovery. The area under the receiving operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) for FSH was determined to be 0.721. Using an FSH cut-off point of 12.95 mIU/mL according to Youden’s index, the model for predicting successful sperm retrieval was found to have 51.4% sensitivity, 84.6% specificity, 90.5% positive predictive value (PPV) and 37.9% negative predictive value (NPV). CONCLUSIONS: Men exhibiting AZFc microdeletion with discernible spermatogenesis from whom sperm was successfully retrieved by mTESE generally presented with relatively lower FSH levels. Source of Funding: nil © 2021 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 206Issue Supplement 3September 2021Page: e347-e347 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2021 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information I-Shen Huang More articles by this author Wei-Jen Chen More articles by this author William J Huang More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Loading ...

A PHARMACOVIGILANCE STUDY OF HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN-ASSOCIATED ADVERSE EVENTS IN MALES

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is an exogenous analog of luteinizing hormone (LH). The only FDA-approved indication for males is to treat hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and cryptorchidism. hCG is used off-label to treat other conditions, including hypogonadism with various etiologies and infertility. Thus, little has been reported on the adverse side effects of hCG. We sought to explore the W.H.O pharmacovigilance database (VigiBase), the world's largest pharmacovigilance database, based on spontaneous individual case safety reports (ICSR), in order to report adverse events associated with the use of hCG. We conducted a pharmacovigilance study using VigiBase on hCG use in men. We used reporting odds ratio (ROR), a surrogate measure of association used in disproportionality analysis, with 95% confidence intervals (CI), and descriptive demographic statistics were calculated. Conclusively for ease of interpretation, related indications and adverse events were grouped. Furthermore, we ran sensitivity analyses on indications, age, and gender to mitigate uncertainty in our results. A total of 530 adverse events of hCG usage in men were identified; only 308(58.11%) had indication reported. Age demographics were; 157(29.62%) children, 241(45.47%) adults, 132(29.91%) unknown age. There was a significant disproportionally signal with dosing and administration errors 75(14.15%) (ROR, 5.313; 95% CI, 4.162-6.784), reproduction and fertility disorders 13(2.45%) (ROR, 12.117; 95% CI, 6.987-21.012), testicular and epididymal disorders 13(2.45%) (ROR, 102.245; 95% CI, 58.919-177.430), and penile disorders 4(0.75%) (ROR, 41.819; 95% CI, 15.627-111.908). In our pediatric sub-group, edema, whether facial, peripheral, or generalized, represented 12.73% of adverse events, with a significant disproportionally signal (ROR, 10.052; 95% CI, 5.579-18.115). Main indications included; 85(16.03%) hypogonadism, 74(13.96%) cryptorchidism, 41(7.73%) anabolic steroids and substance abuse, 32(6.03%) hypothalamo-pituitary disorders, 30(5.66%) infertility, and testicular failure. We report the first global pharmacovigilance study of hCG usage and adverse events in males. hCG appears to be associated with a spectrum of perhaps under-appreciated relevant physical side effects. Additionally, we noted a strong association of dosing and medication errors which raises concern about deficits in patient education and medication packaging for hCG, suggesting further investigational studies.

EFFECT OF COVID-19 INFECTION ON TESTICULAR FUNCTION

Severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS- COV-2) enter different body tissues via the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. This enzyme is highly expressed in testicular tissue making testicular hormone function & spermatogenesis vulnerable to such infection. This study aims to evaluate the effect of SARS COV-2 infection on the testicular function in proven fertile males on short & long term basis

MP55-01 IS TESTICULAR SIZE DISCREPANCY ASSOCIATED WITH SEMEN PARAMETERS IN BOYS WITH VARICOCELES?

You have accessJournal of UrologyPediatric Urology V (MP55)1 Sep 2021MP55-01 IS TESTICULAR SIZE DISCREPANCY ASSOCIATED WITH SEMEN PARAMETERS IN BOYS WITH VARICOCELES? Justin Dubin, Nehizena Aihie, Belen Mora, Laura Angulo, Ranjith Ramasamy, Alireza Alam, and Thomas Masterson Justin DubinJustin Dubin More articles by this author , Nehizena AihieNehizena Aihie More articles by this author , Belen MoraBelen Mora More articles by this author , Laura AnguloLaura Angulo More articles by this author , Ranjith RamasamyRanjith Ramasamy More articles by this author , Alireza AlamAlireza Alam More articles by this author , and Thomas MastersonThomas Masterson More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000002085.01AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Abstract WITHDRAWN © 2021 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 206Issue Supplement 3September 2021Page: e958-e958 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2021 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Justin Dubin More articles by this author Nehizena Aihie More articles by this author Belen Mora More articles by this author Laura Angulo More articles by this author Ranjith Ramasamy More articles by this author Alireza Alam More articles by this author Thomas Masterson More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Loading ...

Adverse effects and potential benefits among selective androgen receptor modulators users: a cross-sectional survey.

Selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) are a class of androgen receptor ligands that bind androgen receptors and display tissue selective activation of androgenic signaling. SARMs have selective anabolic effects on muscle and bone, and were originally synthesized for treatment of muscle wasting conditions, osteoporosis, breast cancer. To date, no SARM has been clinically approved and little is known about the beneficial effects and other adverse effects on users. We examined the adverse effects and potential benefits of SARMs amongst users. We performed an internet survey assessing the demographics of users via a 32-question survey. Using reddit as a platform, we distributed the survey through various subreddits that included potential SARMs users. Out of the 520 responses, 343 participants admitted having used SARMs. Most were males (98.5%), between the ages of 18-29 (72.3%). More than 90% of users acquired SARMs via the internet and did not consult with a physician. More than half of SARMs users experienced side effects including mood swings, decreased testicular size, and acne. More than 90% of men reported increased muscle mass and were satisfied with their SARMs usage. Despite having seemingly positive effects, more than 50% of SARMs users report significant adverse effects. Chi square was the main method of statistical analysis. Future studies should focus on comprehensive reproductive evaluation of men using SARMs.