Testis Mass Research Articles

Testicular Mass with Liver Metastasis: A Case Report

Background: A malignancy of testicles is known as testicular cancer. The testicles are positioned directly below the penis in the scrotum. The testicles' purpose is to create sperm for reproduction. A lump in the testicles and pain or swelling in the scrotum are the possible symptoms. Infertility may occur as a result of treatment. An undescended testis, a family history of the disease, and a previous history of testicular cancer are all risk factors. Germ cell tumors, which are split into seminomas and non-seminomas, are the most prevalent form. Sex-cord stromal tumors and lymphomas are two more forms. Liver metastasis is a cancerous tumor that has spread to the liver from another organ that has been impacted by malignancy. In liver metastases, the malignant cells that develop are not liver cells. They are cancer cells from the region of cancer's genesis in the body. Cancer has progressed to the liver from another portion of the body, doctors may refer to the metastatic liver disease as stage four or modern cancer. The incidence of primary liver cancer is lower than that of liver metastases: cirrhosis or hepatitis are common risk factors in persons with primary liver cancer. 
 Case Presentation: We present a case of a 24-year-old male with complaints of mass in left testis for the past one and half years. The mass was slow-growing, non-painful. The patient complained of heavy feeling in the lower abdomen with a recent history of loss of appetite, weight loss, and backache. The diagnosis was done with the help of ultrasound, blood tests, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan imaging & treated with excision.
 Conclusion: Testicle’s malignancy is regarded as an oncologic achievement because more people will be treated with an amalgamation of chemotherapy and surgery. The radiologists are crucial in finding cancers throughout the patient presentation, correctly grading illness, and detecting recurrence malignancy during scanning monitoring. A case of Testicle’s malignancy and liver metastasis in a twenty-four-year-old man that had managed with a multicentric approach. Genetic counseling and psychological assistance should be provided to the family of a person presenting with the testicular mass as a part of the genetic condition.

A 35-year-old father with persistent Mullerian duct syndrome and seminoma of the right undescended testis: a rare case report

BackgroundA persistent Müllerian duct syndrome is a rare disorder of sexual differentiation characterized by the presence of the female reproductive system in a normal male.Case presentationHerein, we report a case of a 35-year-old father with persistent Müllerian duct syndrome and seminoma in the right undescended testis. The exploratory laparotomy was performed and revealed a mass in the right undescended testis and Müllerian duct structures.ConclusionsFor patients with cryptorchidism and inguinal hernia, the persistent Müllerian duct syndrome should be considered, and radiological evaluation of the genitourinary system is recommended for early diagnosis of persistent Müllerian duct syndrome. The persistent Müllerian duct syndrome is usually detected during a surgical operation, and it is considered a risk factor for developing testicular malignancies.

Morph‐specific investment in testes mass in a trimorphic beetle, Proagoderus watanabei

AbstractWhen competition between males for mates is intense, it is common to find that some males will adopt alternative tactics for acquiring fertilizations, often involving the use of ‘sneak’ tactics whereby males avoid precopulatory contests. These alternative tactics are sometimes associated with discrete differences in male morphology, with sneak males investing less in weaponry but more in traits such as testes which may give an advantage in sperm competition. In some cases, it appears that males develop into more than two morphs, with a number of examples of tri‐ and even tetramorphic arthropod species being described. Here, we analyse the scaling relations of the dung beetle species Proagoderus watanabei, which expresses two distinct weapon traits: paired head horns and a pronotal horn. We find that males of this species are trimorphic, with alpha males expressing long head horns and a pronotal horn, beta males with long head horns but no pronotal horn and gamma males with short head horns only. We also find that alpha males invest relatively less in testes than do beta or gamma males, indicating that beta and gamma males in this species probably experience higher risks of sperm competition than do alphas.

Gene expression pattern of Kisspeptin and RFamide-related peptide (Rfrp) in the male Damaraland mole-rat hypothalamus

Damaraland mole-rats (Fukomys damarensis) are cooperatively breeding, subterranean mammals, which exhibit high reproductive skew. Reproduction is monopolized by the dominant female of the group, while subordinates are anovulatory. Similarly, male subordinates within the colony show no sexual behaviour although they have functional gonads and do not differ from reproductive males in circulating levels of pituitary hormones and testosterone. However, reproductive status affects the neuroendocrine phenotype of males with breeders possessing increased mRNA expression of androgen and progesterone receptors compared to non-breeders in several forebrain regions implicated in the regulation of reproductive behaviour. The RFamide peptides kisspeptin and RFRP-3, encoded by the Kiss1 and Rfrp gene, are considered potent regulators of gonadotropin release. In females, reproductive inhibition is associated with reduced Kiss1 expression within the arcuate nucleus (ARC) and increased Rfrp expression in the anterior hypothalamus. To assess whether differential gene expression of Kiss1 and Rfrp underlies the difference in reproductive behaviour of males, we studied the expression of both genes by means of in situ hybridisation in wild-caught male Damaraland mole-rats with different reproductive status. The distribution of Kiss1 and Rfrp within the hypothalamus was found to be similar to females. Quantification of the Kiss1 hybridisation signal revealed no significant differences in relation to reproductive status. However, there was a significant positive correlation between testis mass and the number of Kiss1-expressing cells in the ARC and the mRNA content per cell, respectively. Analysis of the Rfrp hybridisation signal along the rostro-caudal extent of the hypothalamus revealed that non-reproductive males possessed an increased number of Rfrp-expressing cells at the level of the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus (DMH) than reproductive males. These data suggest the Kiss1 expression within the ARC is not associated with reproductive quiescence in subordinate males but instead, inhibitory effects may be mediated by Rfrp-expressing cells in the DMH.

Control of testes mass by androgen receptor paralogs in a cichlid.

Steroid hormones play numerous important and diverse roles in the differentiation and development of vertebrate primary and secondary reproductive characteristics. However, the exact role of androgen receptors-which bind circulating androgens-in this regulatory pathway is unclear. Teleost fishes further complicate this question by having two paralogs of the androgen receptor (ARα and ARβ) resulting from a duplication of their ancestral genome. We investigated the functional role of these two ARs on adult testes mass, by eliminating receptor function of one or both paralogs using CRISPR/Cas9 genome edited Astatotilapia burtoni, an African cichlid fish. Fish with two or more functional AR alleles were more likely to be male compared to fish with one or fewer, suggesting that the two paralogs may play redundant roles in the A. burtoni sex determination system. We replicated previous work showing that fish lacking functional ARβ possess testes smaller than wild-type fish, while fish lacking ARα possess testes larger than wild-type fish. However, we found novel evidence supporting a complex relationship between the two AR paralogs in the regulation of testes mass. For instance, the effects of ARα mutation on testes mass are eliminated in homozygous ARβ mutants but the reverse is not true. These results suggest a dynamic relationship between these two AR paralogs where ARβ functions may be permissive to ARα functions in the control of testes mass. This mechanism may contribute to the robust physiological plasticity displayed by A. burtoni and other social teleost fishes.

Postcopulatory sexual selection is associated with sperm aggregate quality in Peromyscus mice.

In some species, sperm form coordinated groups that are hypothesized to improve their swimming performance in competitive contexts or to navigate through the viscous fluids of the female reproductive tract. Here we investigate sperm aggregation across closely related species of Peromyscus mice that naturally vary by mating system to test the predictions that sperm aggregates 1) are faster than solitary sperm in species that females mate multiply to aid cells in sperm competition, and 2) outperform solitary sperm cells in viscous environments. We find significant variation in the size of sperm aggregates, which negatively associates with relative testis mass, a proxy for sperm competition risk, suggesting that postcopulatory sexual selection has a stabilizing effect on sperm group size. Moreover, our results show that sperm aggregates are faster than solitary sperm in some, but not all, species, and this can vary by fluid viscosity. Of the two species that produce the largest and most frequent groups, we find that sperm aggregates from the promiscuous P. maniculatus are faster than solitary sperm in every experimentally viscous environment but aggregation provides no such kinematic advantage under these same conditions for the monogamous P. polionotus. The reduced performance of P. polionotus aggregates is associated with less efficient aggregate geometry and the inclusion of immotile or morphological abnormal sperm. Our cross-species comparison yields insight into the evolution of sperm social behaviors, provides evidence of extensive variation in the Peromyscus lineage, and reveals that differences in sperm aggregate quality associate with postcopulatory sexual selection.

MP55-08 OUTCOMES IN PEDIATRIC TESTICULAR MASSES: TESTIS-SPARING SURGERY VS. RADICAL ORCHIECTOMY AT A LARGE, TERTIARY CARE CENTER

You have accessJournal of UrologyPediatric Urology V (MP55)1 Sep 2021MP55-08 OUTCOMES IN PEDIATRIC TESTICULAR MASSES: TESTIS-SPARING SURGERY VS. RADICAL ORCHIECTOMY AT A LARGE, TERTIARY CARE CENTER Ruchika Talwar, Karl Godlewski, Matthew Herzig, Jay Shah, Arun Srinivasan, Aseem Shukla, Mark Zaontz, Dana Weiss, Jason Van Batavia, Stephen Zderic, Gregory Tasian, Douglas Canning, Robert Caleb Kovell, Christopher Long, Sameer Mittal, and Thomas Kolon Ruchika TalwarRuchika Talwar More articles by this author , Karl GodlewskiKarl Godlewski More articles by this author , Matthew HerzigMatthew Herzig More articles by this author , Jay ShahJay Shah More articles by this author , Arun SrinivasanArun Srinivasan More articles by this author , Aseem ShuklaAseem Shukla More articles by this author , Mark ZaontzMark Zaontz More articles by this author , Dana WeissDana Weiss More articles by this author , Jason Van BataviaJason Van Batavia More articles by this author , Stephen ZdericStephen Zderic More articles by this author , Gregory TasianGregory Tasian More articles by this author , Douglas CanningDouglas Canning More articles by this author , Robert Caleb KovellRobert Caleb Kovell More articles by this author , Christopher LongChristopher Long More articles by this author , Sameer MittalSameer Mittal More articles by this author , and Thomas KolonThomas Kolon More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000002085.08AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Abstract INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: In 2020, testis-sparing surgery was included in the Testis Cancer AUA Guidelines for adults with masses <2 cm, equivocal ultrasound (US), negative tumor markers, solitary testis, or bilateral tumors. Although an option in pediatric population prior to this, its utility in clinical practice varies and has not been well described in the literature. We describe a large, tertiary care pediatric hospital experience with partial orchiectomy (PO) as compared to radical orchiectomy (RO) for testis masses in a pediatric population. METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of consecutive patients who underwent RO or PO from 1/2013 until 12/2020 at our institution, including 10 surgeons. We analyzed pre-, intra-, and postoperative clinical and pathologic characteristics. We further ran a sub analysis on the patients with benign final pathology to determine if these patients were being overtreated with RO. RESULTS: We identified 54 patients scheduled to undergo RO (n=32) or PO (n=22). Median follow-up was 3.5 months. Two cases were converted from PO to RO intraoperatively. Older age, presence of a palpable mass, and larger mass on US were associated with planned RO (Table 1). Patients who underwent PO had significantly longer operative time, interval to surgery and were more likely to have benign or (prepubertal) teratoma final pathology (Table 1). There were no differences in complications, emergency room visits or recurrence (all p>0.05). Upon logistic regression, older age (p=0.045), palpable mass (p=0.006), and larger size on US (p=0.008) were predictive of RO. Of patients with benign final pathology, no differences were noted between patient age, mass size, palpable mass on presentation, pre-op tumor markers, or surgeon between patients scheduled to undergo PO vs. RO. CONCLUSIONS: PO is a safe, potentially beneficial option for children. The majority of PO patients had benign, pre-pubertal teratoma, or non-GCT pathology. No patients with GCT were undertreated with PO. Further, younger patients, those with no palpable mass and smaller masses tended to undergo PO as compared to RO. Our data has important implications in the consideration of pediatric PO, and can be extrapolated to shared-decision making in the adult population also. Source of Funding: None © 2021 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 206Issue Supplement 3September 2021Page: e961-e961 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2021 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Ruchika Talwar More articles by this author Karl Godlewski More articles by this author Matthew Herzig More articles by this author Jay Shah More articles by this author Arun Srinivasan More articles by this author Aseem Shukla More articles by this author Mark Zaontz More articles by this author Dana Weiss More articles by this author Jason Van Batavia More articles by this author Stephen Zderic More articles by this author Gregory Tasian More articles by this author Douglas Canning More articles by this author Robert Caleb Kovell More articles by this author Christopher Long More articles by this author Sameer Mittal More articles by this author Thomas Kolon More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Loading ...

Sexual selection towards a protamine expression ratio optimum in two rodent groups?

Post-copulatory sexual selection is thought to influence the evolution of genes involved in reproduction. However, the detection of straightforward effects has been proven difficult due to the complexity and diversity of reproductive landscapes found in different taxa. Here, we compare the possible effect of relative testes mass as a sperm competition proxy on protamine genotype (protamine 1/protamine 2 ratio) and the link to sperm head phenotype in two rodent groups, mice, and voles. In mice, protamine expression ratios were found to increase from low values toward a 1:1 ratio in a positive association with testes mass, and relative sperm head area. In contrast, in voles, decreasing protamine expression ratios were found in species with larger testes but, surprisingly, they range from high values, again toward a 1:1 ratio, and showing a negative correlation with relative sperm head area. Altogether, we found differences in the way protamines seem to be selected and involved in adaptations of the sperm head in voles and mice. However, sexual selection driven by sperm competition seems to exhibit a common evolutionary pattern in both groups toward an equilibrium in the expression of the two protamines.

P0654 - Management of indeterminate Small Testis Masses (STMs): A 10-year single centre experience

P0654 - Management of indeterminate Small Testis Masses (STMs): A 10-year single centre experience

Brain size evolution in small mammals: test of the expensive tissue hypothesis

Abstract Brain size exhibits significant changes within and between species. Evolution of large brains can be explained by the need to improve cognitive ability for processing more information in changing environments. However, brains are among the most energetically expensive organs. Enlarged brains can impose energetic demands that limit brain size evolution. The expensive tissue hypothesis (ETH) states that a decrease in the size of another expensive tissue, such as the gut, should compensate for the cost of a large brain. We studied the interplay between energetic limitations and brain size evolution in small mammals using phylogenetically generalized least squares (PGLS) regression analysis. Brain mass was not correlated with the length of the digestive tract in 37 species of small mammals after correcting for phylogenetic relationships and body size effects. We further found that the evolution of a large brain was not accompanied by a decrease in male reproductive investments into testes mass and in female reproductive investment into offspring number. The evolution of brain size in small mammals is inconsistent with the prediction of the ETH.

Pure embryonal carcinoma of the testis in an adult male patient: case report

As a case presentation, the present paper aims to present a patient with pure embryonal carcinoma, which is rarely seen, together with the relevant literature. Th e case is a 36-year-old male patient, who applied to the clinic with complaints of pain and swelling in the left testis. In the scrotal doppler ultrasonography, hypoechoic solid lesion contoured to the lobule almost fi lling the left testis and having the size of 25x60 mm were observed. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis of the this case was diagnosed with pure embryonal carcinoma. All the patients with complaint of pain-free mass in testis should be investigated. Although the pure embryonal carcinoma is rarely seen, it is one of the tumors that can be clinically and histopathologically confused with other testis tumors and should be considered for the patients applying to the clinic with complaints of pain-free mass in testis.

Weapons Evolve Faster Than Sperm in Bovids and Cervids.

In polyandrous species, males face reproductive competition both before and after mating. Sexual selection thus shapes the evolution of both pre- and postcopulatory traits, creating competing demands on resource allocation to different reproductive episodes. Traits subject to strong selection exhibit accelerated rates of phenotypic divergence, and examining evolutionary rates may inform us about the relative importance and potential fitness consequences of investing in traits under either pre- or postcopulatory sexual selection. Here, we used a comparative approach to assess evolutionary rates of key competitive traits in two artiodactyl families, bovids (family Bovidae) and cervids (family Cervidae), where male–male competition can occur before and after mating. We quantified and compared evolutionary rates of male weaponry (horns and antlers), body size/mass, testes mass, and sperm morphometrics. We found that weapons evolve faster than sperm dimensions. In contrast, testes and body mass evolve at similar rates. These results suggest strong, but differential, selection on both pre- and postcopulatory traits in bovids and cervids. Furthermore, we documented distinct evolutionary rates among different sperm components, with sperm head and midpiece evolving faster than the flagellum. Finally, we demonstrate that, despite considerable differences in weapon development between bovids and cervids, the overall evolutionary patterns between these families were broadly consistent.

Trade-offs between weapons and testes do not manifest at high social densities.

Social conditions can alter the allocation of resources to reproductive traits. For example, an increase in social density during development is frequently associated with an increase in the testes mass of males. Sperm competition theory assumes that increased investment in testes should come at the expense of investing into precopulatory traits, such as sexually selected weaponry. However, much remains unknown about the role of the social context on the concurrent, relative investment in both testes and weapons. We found that the leaf-footed cactus bug, Narnia femorata (Hemiptera: Coreidae), grew nearly 20% larger testes when raised in high social densities. In addition to manipulating social density, we used autotomy (limb loss) to limit investment in their hindlimb weapon during development. At low densities, we found that those that lost a weapon during development grew larger testes by adulthood, supporting previous work demonstrating a weapons-testes trade-off. However, at high social densities, males that dropped a hindlimb did not grow larger testes, though testes were already large at this density. These results underscore the importance of the social context to resource allocation patterns within the individual.

Postcopulatory sexual selection as a driver of sex- and population-specific kidney mass in garter snakes?

Abstract In lizards and snakes, the kidneys produce seminal fluid in addition to having osmoregulatory functions. Therefore, in response to polyandry, kidney mass should be under selection regimes such as those influencing testes. Male red-sided garter snakes deposit a kidney-derived copulatory plug that functions in sperm competition. We first tested for intersexual differences in kidney mass and allometry in one population and found that males had kidneys twice as heavy as those of females, consistent with stronger selection on male kidney mass. Previous studies have shown that male size enhances mating success in one-on-one competition prevalent in small mating aggregations. We then examined the relationship between body size, kidney mass and testes mass in two populations with low (LD) and high (HD) mating aggregation densities. Males from the HD population had heavier testes and heavier kidneys compared with males from the LD population; HD males were also smaller in body size. Our results suggest that the strength of sexual selection, and possibly the balance between pre- and postcopulatory selection, varies in response to population size or density. However, more replication is needed to confirm the generality of these results within red-sided garter snakes and other squamate reptiles.

Prevention of diseases of growing of replacement young chickens kept in cages

Acute and chronic diseases of the extremities (arthrosis, arthritis, necrosis of the thighbone, dislocation, injury, etc.) of chickens, especially of roosters, with their subsequent raising and keeping in cages, cause significant economic damage to poultry farms. The article presents the results of scientific and production experience consisting in using non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications “Paracetam-AVZ” and “Ketoquin 10%” for the prevention of limb diseases in the terms of raising chickens of cross Hisex Brown in the cages. The studied medications contributed to an increase in the live weight in the experimental group: females – by 3.8% (P <0.05), males – by 6.6% (P <0.05), homogeneity in the live weight of females – by 2.3%, males – by 15.6% compared with the results in control group. The safety of males taking into account mortality and culling in the experimental group exceeded this parameter in control group by 6.3%. At the same time, the number of rejected males due to limb disease in the experimental group was 2.2 times lower than in the control group. Evaluation of the development of reproductive organs showed that in males the difference in testes mass in favor of the experimental group was 16.7% (P <0.01), the length of the oviduct in chickens was 20.8% (P <0.01). Thus, the use of the studied medications had a positive effect on the development of the reproductive organs of hens and roosters in the experimental group, which accelerated their sexual maturation and increased the intensity of egg-laying.

Sexual trait may simultaneously indicate sperm production and nutritional fitness in uniparental nest‐guarding fish: a case study on Amur sleeper

AbstractThe reproductive success of uniparental males depends much on their nutritional stage (i.e. body condition). Therefore, secondary sexual traits should convey information not only on fecundity but also on nutritional stage. To test this hypothesis, we evaluate relationships between head crest height (HCH), as a secondary sexual trait, relative testes mass (an indicator of sperm production), body condition (an indicator of nutritional status) and body mass of males of uniparental Amur sleeper Perccottus glenii in two contrasting habitats. Furthermore, we examined whether head crest is only a pure investment to advertise male fitness – either to females, rival males or other fish approaching the nest – or it comprises some regainable energy as well. We found that HCH is closely related to relative testes mass, and body condition especially at the beginning of the reproductive period. The head crest consisted of a swollen connective tissue in the supraorbital region of the head, and an oedematous epaxial muscle in the nuchal region. Furthermore, the head crest also comprised of adipose tissue, although not as much as assumed. Therefore, we argue that HCH represents a reliable signal of multiple aspects of male quality; it indicates readiness to spawn and could potentially effectively facilitate female choice towards large males with high fecundity and great nutritional stage, which is essential to good guarding performance. Moreover, the head crest itself also could contribute to nest‐guarding performance by virtually enlarging body size and by representing a minor fat reserve.

Characteristics of reproductive organs and estimates of reproductive potential in Scandinavian male grey wolves (Canis lupus)

Improved knowledge about reproductive patterns and potential in male wolves (i.e., testicular development and size relative to age, pubertal age, and seasonal effects) is needed for evaluation and monitoring of reproductive outcomes in populations. Reproductive organs from 215 male wolves, culled as a result of licensed hunting, protective culling or from carcasses found were examined. The testes and epididymis were weighed and measured. There were biopsy samples collected from the testes and the cauda epididymis for histological determinations if there were spermatozoa in tissues collected. There were reproductive tissue analyses of 197 males while there were separate evaluations of tissues from ten cryptorchid animals. Juvenile wolves (< 1 year, n = 47) had a lesser body mass and mean testes mass than subadult (1–2 years, n = 71) and adult (>2 years, n = 79) males. Season also affected testicular characteristics of structures evaluated with subadult and adult males having a lesser mass during summer months (May–August). Of the 197 males, 70 % had spermatozoa in the seminiferous tubules and the cauda epididymis and were classified as being ‘potentially fertile’ when tissues were collected, while 22 % were classified as being non-fertile (no spermatozoa, including males that were pre-pubertal) and tissues of 8% could not be evaluated. When testes mass was greater, there was a greater likelihood that spermatozoa were present. There were seven of the ten cryptorchid males of the unilateral type. These testicular and epididymal findings will be useful for evaluating the reproductive potential and management of wolves in Scandinavia.

Male–male behavioral interactions drive social-dominance-mediated differences in ejaculate traits

Higher social status is expected to result in fitness benefits as it secures access to potential mates. In promiscuous species, male reproductive success is also determined by an individual’s ability to compete for fertilization after mating by producing high-quality ejaculates. However, the complex relationship between a male’s investment in social status and ejaculates remains unclear. Here, we examine how male social status influences ejaculate quality under a range of social contexts in the pygmy halfbeak Dermogenys collettei, a small, group-living, internally fertilizing freshwater fish. We show that male social status influences ejaculate traits, both in the presence and absence of females. Dominant males produced faster swimming and more viable sperm, two key determinants of ejaculate quality, but only under conditions with frequent male–male behavioral interactions. When male–male interactions were experimentally reduced through the addition of a refuge, differences in ejaculate traits of dominant and subordinate males disappeared. Furthermore, dominant males were in a better condition, growing faster, and possessing larger livers, highlighting a possible condition dependence of competitive traits. Contrary to expectations, female presence or absence did not affect sperm swimming speed or testes mass. Together, these results suggest a positive relationship between social status and ejaculate quality in halfbeaks and highlight that the strength of behavioral interactions between males is a key driver of social-status-dependent differences in ejaculate traits.

Топічний вплив лосьйону із вмістом міноксидилу на морфофункціональні показники репродуктивної системи щурів-самців

The problem of alopecia, for treatment of which the use of over the counter lotions containing minoxidil is recommended, is paid considerable attention all over the world. The consumers rarely seek medical advice due to certain psychological barriers. Thus, it contributes to the uncontrolled use of the drugs, and fixation of their side effects becomes impossible. There are isolated reports on the effect of minoxidil containing lotions on male fertility. The Aim. To establish organometric parameters of testes and their paradidymis, functional parameters of spermatozoa in mature rats under topical exposure to a 10% minoxidil containing lotion. Methods. Analytical, toxicological, statistical. Results. It was established that under the conditions of 72-day percutaneous application of 10% minoxidil containing lotion some changes in the reproductive system organs can be observed, which are in particular a decrease in the mass of testes and epididymis, as well as a decrease in organs’ linear size. The total time of motor activity of gametes after exposure to a lotion containing 10% minoxidil has statistically significantly shortened, a 6-fold inhibition of the activity of redox processes occurred in the rats of the experimental group compared to the control one. Conclusions. Taking into consideration the obtained data and the uncontrolled and long-term use of 10% minoxidil containing lotions by men of reproductive age, an in-depth study of its gonadotoxic effects in experimental conditions in combination with epidemiological studies of the patients using these lotions is deemed necessary. Key Words: minoxidil, gonadotoxicity, mature rats.

Reproductive potency of methanolic bi-herbal (Zingiber officinale and Chrysophyllum albidum) extract on masculine wistar rats

The study is aimed at evaluating the fertility potential of bi-herbal methanol extract on male Wistar rats. This research finding based it fact of fertility in male Wistar rats to investigate through the phytochemicals, antioxidant assay, hormonal indexes, lipid profile, body/organ weight changes and histopathological study across the graded doses (25, 50, 100 mg/kg) of the treated groups of bi-herbal (Zingiber officinale and Chrysophyllum albidum)) methanol extract using standard procedure. Results from the phytochemical screening elicited the essential constituents (alkaloids, flavonoids phenol, tannins and saponnins). The antioxidant assay showed broad scavenging property against free radicals, which possibly is associated with one of its mechanisms of action. An increase in the level of significant (p &gt; 0.05) in hormonal indexes (testosterone, progesterone, follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone) and slight increase in the level of lipid profile (cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL LDL and VLDL) activities among the treatment groups when compared with the control. There absent significant change (p &gt; 0.05) in the body and testes mass ratio. No pronounce histopathological variation on the testes state in comparative to the control. The dependent from the bi-herbal extract with extreme exhibition of fertility potential as its therapeutic effect.