Final Product Testing Research Articles

Unified Platform for Automated Tests of Inverter-Based Resources with Harware-in-the-loop

Testing of inverter-based resources (IBRs) faces challenges in establishing standardized procedures across all product development stages. Most of the testing approaches use Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) during the early stages independently from the final product testing, which can lead to discrepant results. To solve these issues, this paper proposes a unified platform for automatically testing IBRs. It can be used during all product development stages, from pure simulation to Controller Hardware-in-the-Loop (CHIL) and finally on the complete commercial product, ensuring uniform test procedures with different test setups. A case study describing compliance tests of grid-connection codes of photovoltaic (PV) inverters are presented to demonstrate the proposed approach. Experimental tests were performed in accordance to Brazilian grid-connection codes in an ISO/IEC 17025 accredited laboratory. The results obtained with the proposed platform in CHIL and full-hardware showed high similarity with the ones obtained with the accredited laboratory, validating the proposed approach. In addition, the platform can be used to perform tests not specified in standards and to verify the performance of IBRs in operating conditions that are often difficult to be tested in laboratory. Ensuring consistent test procedures, the platform facilitates comparable results along all the testing stages, reducing the product development cycle.

Expert Consensus on an Open-Access UNIMMAP MMS Product Specification: 2024 revision.

The United Nations International Multiple Micronutrient Antenatal Preparation (UNIMMAP) of a multiple micronutrient supplement (MMS) for pregnant women is a proven evidence-based nutrition intervention and is listed on the World Health Organization (WHO) Model List of Essential Medicines. The 2024 revision of the Expert Consensus on an Open-Access UNIMMAP MMS Product Specification provides both purchasers and manufacturers with unified guidance on the production of UNIMMAP MMS. More specifically, it outlines the minimum requirements for the manufacture of UNIMMAP MMS and provides guidance on quality and regulatory standards based on whether the product is manufactured as a medicinal product or a dietary supplement. The product specification includes ingredients, excipients/food additives, and processing aids used in manufacturing UNIMMAP MMS; stability testing for different climatic zones; packaging and labeling considerations; pharmacopeial standards, manufacturing practices, certificates of analysis, change control, and quality agreement; finished product test specifications, including tablet characterization and purity/strength assay; analytical test methods; and storage and transportation requirements.

Development of Learning Tools Social Emotional Defense to Improve Learning Outcomes and Critical Thinking Skills in Human Reproductive System Materials in SMP Negeri 2 Intu Lingau

This study uses the type of development research by adapting the model designed by Borg and Gall (1983) by making modifications. This research developed a product in the form of a learning plan of the Human Reproductive System material with the application of social Emotional Competency (KSE) differentiation learning which was developed specifically with the hope of increasing learning outcomes and critical thinking skills of class IX students in the subject of the reproductive system at SMP Negeri 2 Intu Lingau, West Kutai Regency. The development procedure in this study includes seven stages, namely the preliminary stage, planning, developing the initial product form, initial field testing, main product revision, final product testing, and dissemination. The research instruments used in this study were: Questionnaire sheets validating the assessment of science learning tools, Questionnaire sheets for social emotional attitudes, observation sheets for the implementation of learning, and giving test questions. This development research used Aiken’s V data analysis technique to determine the validation value of learning tools and determine the student Gain to analyze students thinking skills. From the results of this study it was found that science learning tools with social emotional competence (KSE) which include syllabus, lesson plant, worksheets, assessment instruments, and teaching materials about the human reproductive system are appropriate based on the value of Aiken’s V validation coefficient. Development of learning Outcomes significantly in the experimental class based on the gain scores obtained.

Design and preparation of L-band multilayer low-group delay filter based on inner sputtering

Article propose a design for an L-band multi-layer MEMS cross-finger filter based on pore interior wall sputtering. Article analyze the structural parameters, such as resonator thickness and TSV structure, using HFSS simulation software. Findings indicate that the filter has a central frequency of 1.5 GHz, a bandwidth of 140 MHz, a band loss of less than 1 dB, return loss is greater than 25 dB, and a band group delay of less than 800 ps. Furthermore, Article conduct process design optimization and finished product testing for the filter, including optimizing the TSV process for the hole inner wall sputtering process. These results demonstrate the filter's broad application prospects.

MARKETING ON WHEY PROTIEN

Whey protein has emerged as a prominent player in the health and fitness industry, recognized for its numerous benefits and versatile applications. This abstract provides an overview of key considerations and strategies involved in the marketing of whey protein products. The marketing of whey protein requires a multifaceted approach that encompasses regulatory compliance, quality control, consumer education, market research, and sustainability practices. Regulatory compliance is essential to ensure adherence to labeling requirements, health claims regulations, and product safety standards across different jurisdictions. Quality control measures play a pivotal role in maintaining product integrity and safety, encompassing raw material testing, manufacturing processes, and finished product testing. Consumer education is critical for dispelling myths and misinformation surrounding whey protein, providing consumers with accurate information about its benefits, usage guidelines, and safety considerations. Market research is indispensable for understanding consumer preferences, identifying market trends, and informing marketing strategies. Sustainability practices are increasingly important considerations, with consumers favoring brands that prioritize ethical sourcing, environmental stewardship, and corporate social responsibility.

Standardization of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Flower by HPTLC, HPLC and AAS

Hibiscus rosa-sinesis, a well-known flowering plant in India, is used to worship Lord Ganesha. It is a member of the Malvaceae family. It is used in traditional medicine in many tropical countries to treat wounds, inflammation, fever, diabetes, infections, hair loss, and gastric ulcers. Therapeutic benefits of Hibiscus rosa-sinesis are attributed to flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, saponins, and alkaloids. Hibiscus rosa-sinesis flowers are a good source of flavonoids, which are important components of herbal and Ayurvedic preparations. The goal of this study was to standardize the flower extract through qualitative phytochemical screening and quantitative HPTLC analysis of quercetin, an active biomarker. The result of the HPTLC analysis was compared to those obtained using HPLC. HPTLC found that the extract contained 0.33% quercetin, while HPLC found that it contained 0.37% quercetin. Further, heavy metals and trace elements were measured using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Results showed that cadmium, lead, arsenic, copper, chromium, and mercury levels (in ppm±SEM) were within acceptable limits: cadmium (0.018±0.050), lead (0.630±0.025), arsenic (0.041±0.014), copper (2.605±0.045), chromium (0.450±0.025), and mercury (0.023±0.006). This method allows standardization of plant material for raw material and finished product testing, ensuring better efficacy and safety.

Developing A Video Copywriting to Promote Palembang Traditional Cakes

In terms of trading, a place of business needs to be known by many people in order to become buyers, because buyers have an important role that affects increasing sales and business growth. Unfortunately, there are still local people and tourists who do not know the location of the business and the uniqueness of the products they sell. To ensure that Dapoer Bunda Rayya becomes known to both local people and tourists, it is necessary to promote the business. Based on the statement above, the researchers introduced and promoted Dapoer Bunda Rayya as the seller and maker of Palembang traditional cakes through advertising videos. The study aims to know video copywriting process of Dapoer Bunda Rayya in two languages, English and Bahasa Indonesia, for promoting Palembang traditional dessert. This research was conducted using the Research & Development approach with the preliminary study, model draft, and final product testing and dissemination stages. Data was collected through interviews, observations, and questionnaires. The researchers wrote the copy by using PAS formula, the AIDA formula, and the steps of writing a copy by Rieck. After the final copywriting was approved it was posted on social media. The video copywriting was an effective media to introduce the new innovation cakes and also another typically Palembang cakes for local and international tourists.

Quality Characteristics, Cold Chain System, Yield and Productivity of Frozen Tuna (Thunnus albacares) Steak Processing

One of the prospective products that can be developed from tuna is frozen tuna. One processing technique to preserve tuna fish is generally through freezing. F frozen tuna steak is one of the many processed tuna products produced through freezing. The aim of the research is to analyze quality characteristics, application of the cold chain system, calculation of yield and productivity in the processing of frozen tuna steaks at PT. Wahyu Pradana Binamulia. The research method uses a qualitative descriptive method with research stages including process flow observation, organoleptic quality measurements, microbiology (ALT, E. coli, Salmonella), chemistry (histamine), yield calculations, productivity calculations. The data collection method was by directly following processing activities and interviews for the frozen tuna steak processing process, while other data was carried out by testing. The results of the research obtained the processing flow of frozen tuna steak at PT. Wahyu Pradana Binamulia has 23 stages. The organoleptic test results for raw materials have a value of 8 and the final product has a value of 9. The raw material test results for ALT are 6.2 x 103 col/g, Coliform <3 MPN/g, E. coli <3 MPN/g and Salmonella with negative results. The final product test results were ALT 5.5 x 103 col/g, Coliform <3 MPN/g, E. coli <3 MPN/g, and Salmonella with negative results. The histamine test results obtained were 6.9 ppm in the raw material and 7.4 ppm in the final product. Observation results of raw material and product temperatures ≤4.4°C, room temperature ≤20°C and air temperature ≤4.4°C. The yield at the weeding stage was 78.37%, loin formation was 69.40%, dark meat separation and skin removal was 60.77%, trimming was 45.11%, steak formation was 40.48%, retauching was 39. 02%. Employee productivity results at the weeding stage had an average value of 1,214.23 kg/hour/org, for the trimming stage 530.12 kg/hour/org, for the steak formation stage 599.66 kg/hour/org. It can be concluded. The research conclusions show that the quality of raw materials and frozen tuna steak products has met the established SNI standards.

Ascorbic acid enhances the cold preservation period of human adipose tissue–derived mesenchymal stromal cells

IntroductionWe previously developed 3% trehalose-added lactated Ringer's solution (LR-3T) and 3% trehalose- and 5% dextran-40–added lactated Ringer's solution (LR-3T-5D), which can be used to preserve adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADSCs) for 24 h at 5 and 25 °C. However, it is necessary to further extend the storage duration of cells to expand transportation zones and ensure time for quality control testing of final cell products. Therefore, we attempted to prolong the preservation duration of hADSCs by adding supplements to LR-3T-5D. We focused on ascorbic acid as an antioxidant because it is widely clinically as a nutrient. MethodsWe added the antioxidant ascorbic acid to LR-3T-5D and evaluated the viability, colony formation rate, proliferative capacity, and surface markers of hADSCs before and after preservation at 5 °C. ResultsAnalysis of the concentration of ascorbic acid added to LR-3T-5D indicated that 1000 mg/L was the optimal concentration for maintaining the viability of hADSCs after 72 h of cold preservation. No changes were observed in the expression of specific cell surface markers or in the potential of hADSCs to differentiate into adipocytes, osteoblasts, or chondrocytes before and after cold preservation. DiscussionThese results suggest that cold preservation of hADSCs in LR-3T-5D supplemented with ascorbic acid helps maintain the quality of cells for use in cell therapy.

Pengembangan bahan ajar IPS berbasis guided inquiry sosiokultural pada kelas IV sekolah dasar

The purpose of this research are 1) describe the characteristics of social studies teaching materials for grade IV elementary schools in Gebog Kudus district, 2) describe the development of social studies teaching materials Guided Inquiry sociocultural based for grade IV elementary schools, 3) describe the legibility of social studies teaching materials Guided Inquiry sociocultural based in learning developed class IV elementary school, and 4) describes the effectiveness of social studies teaching materials based on Guided Inquiry sociocultural in learning activity for grade IV elementary schools developed.This type of research is R&D (Research and Development) research. The result of the product in this research is social studies teaching materials based on sociocultural science. The R&D research design consists of potentials and problems, data collection, product design, product validation, product revision, final product testing, product revision, and final production. Data collection techniques using the method of observation, interviews, questionnaires, tests, and documentation. The qualitative data analysis technique uses a flow analysis model technique consisting of data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing / verification. Quantitative data analysis using validity and effectiveness tests.The results of this study indicate that the teaching materials developed are valid and in accordance with sociocultural-guided inquiry learning which is associated with learning with the peculiarities of the student's area of residence. Gain 0.597 in the medium category, higher than the control class which got an average score of 0.236 gain in the low category, the results of the independent sample test obtained tcount = 3.784 > ttable = 1.9905 and sig. (2-tailed) of 0.000 <0.05, it can be found that there is a difference in the average student learning outcomes between the experimental class using inquiry-based social studies teaching materials and the control class without using sociocultural inquiry-based teaching materials.Keywords: parenting style, learning responsibilityÂ

Urgency of ECPM-Based BK-SD Services (Executive Collaboration Patnership Motivation)

The limitations and difficulty of finding counseling teachers according to the expected competencies are still a separate obstacle for some SD (Elementary Schools) in Indonesia. At least 130,000 counseling teachers are needed for SMP and SMA/equivalent, not including counseling teachers at SD/equivalent. The shortage in the number of counseling teachers is far from ideal. There must be a solution from the government and schools, in particular, which demand that a number of schools be able to develop mechanisms related to services and guidance for students. Therefore, the implementation of counseling services in elementary schools is based on Executive Collaboration Partnership Motivation (ECPM) as an alternative to solving this problem so that the implementation of counseling services in elementary schools runs optimally. The research design is Research and Development (RnD) from Borg and Gall and the design model adapts the development from McKenny. The research procedure is based on 10 (ten) Borg and Gall designs which are modified into 3 (three) stages: (1) Preliminary study; (2) Design Development; and (3) Final product testing. Some of the advantages offered by the management of BK services in EPCM-based SD (Elementary School) carried out by school principals are, executive collaboration partnerships in the implementation of collaboration or partnerships between schools and parents and the community, as well as motivation related to the use of the latest technology in the form of information technology, such as like the internet with all the amenities. The implementation of EPCM-based services and guidance has never been done by researchers before. With the implementation of EPCM-based counseling services, it is expected that problems with the implementation of counseling services at the elementary school level which have been carried out by inclusive class teachers with the implementation of the learning process can be solved.

Stability Indicating Rp-Hplc Method Development and Validation for Simultaneous Quantification of Antihistaminic & Anti-Asthmatic Drug in Bulk and Tablet Dosage Form

The main aim of the present research work was to study Prospective process validation of Vildagliptin 50 mg uncoated tablet which is an Antidiabatic drug. Quality cannot be adequately assured by in- process and finished product testing but it should be built into the various stages of manufacturing process. The Process Validation was carried out for three consecutive batches manufacturing process, equipment, formula and validation criteria. The critical parameters involved in dry mixing, granulation, drying, Pre - lubrication, lubrication and compression stages, were identified, monitored and found in state of control. All the in process parameters and process variables were checked and found well within acceptance criteria. Loss on drying is not more than 2.5 % at 105 °C for 4 minutes by halogen moisture balance, Uniformity of Blend (By HPLC) was found within 10.0 % of the mean of the results and the % RSD not more than 5.0 %, Assay (By HPLC) for drug content is 47.5 mg to 52.5 mg was within the acceptable limit for the samples which were collected after lubrication stage (95.0 % to 105.0 %). The % LOD for dried granules after drying found out within 1.0 %w/w to 3.0 % w/w, In process testing for compression (Avg. wt. 20 Tab.: 194 mg to 206 mg; hardness 3.00-9.00 kg/cm2, thickness 2.95-3.55 mm; diameter 7.90-8.30 mm; friability NMT 1.0 % w/w; Disintegration time NMT 15 minutes and uniformity of dosage units found within acceptance value not more than 15.0 %).

Evaluasi SPO Pengujian Produk Jadi Pre-Marketing terhadap Mutu Sediaan COL (Cairan Obat Luar) Tradisional di Salah Satu Industri X

Introduction: The traditional medicine industry (TMI) is an industry that can produce all types of traditional medicinal preparations including EML (external medicine liquid). In the process of making traditional medicine (TM), TMI is obliged to follow the rules of GMPTM (good manufacturing practices traditional medicines) which aims to ensure the quality of the preparations produced. In the process, an SOP (standard operating procedure) is needed which contains the steps that must be taken to realize the goals and product quality (specifications) that have been determined. Pre-marketing finished product testing is part of the production process, so it also requires an SOP. One of the IOT X that has made CML has been established long time, of course it already has a Finished Products Pre-Marketing EML Preparations Testing SOP. Objective: to evaluate the SOP of Pre-Marketing Finished Product Testing on the quality of COL preparations, based on quality standards finished products which are regulated in BPOM Regulation No. 32 of 2019 concerning the Safety and Quality Requirements for Traditional Medicine and 1996 SNI (Indonesian National Standard), and GMPTM 2021. Methods: literature study and observational description with a qualitative approach in the form of interviews Results: SOP is in accordance with existing EML quality standards, its implementation has also been implemented well (during the production of COL X products never happened not eligible), and there has never been a recall of EML products during the production period. Conclusion: The SOP for testing finished products in the pre-marketing phase has been implemented properly in accordance with applicable regulations.

Fresh vegetables and fruit as a source of Salmonella bacteria.

Increased consumer awareness of the health aspects of the diet has influenced the increased consumption of fruit and vegetables. Due to the fact that these products are mainly consumed raw and are usually not subjected to processes that reduce their microbiological contamination, they become a source of infection and transmit pathogens causing food poisoning in humans. Salmonella bacteria are a serious treat to human health and remain a serious problem in many parts of the world. The aim of this study was to review the current state of knowledge regarding the prevalence of Salmonella bacteria on fresh fruit and vegetables. Attention is also given to the mechanisms by which these bacteria adapt to colonize plants. Methods that can prevent contamination of plant products by the bacteria are also analyzed. The review was based on data obtained from scientific articles published in the Science Direct and Pub Med database between 2007 - 2022, found with the use of the following keywords: Salmonella, fruit, vegetables, food contamination. Data from the literature report that fresh fruit and vegetables are a source of Salmonella contamination through contact with soil, manure, compost, water or staff. Actions targeting salmonellosis prevention should be undertaken by both the public and private sectors. Government regulations and stricter measures put in place can provide a framework that guides both domestic production and international imports. Periodic training of workers dealing with food is also important. Attention should be directed mainly to production control and less to the testing of final products. Education leading to increased awareness of salmonellosis should be indispensable.

Effect of SiC Addition on Microhardness and Relative Density during Selective Laser Melting of 316L Stainless Steel

The utilization of 316L stainless steel has been very common in marine, automotive, architectural, and biomedical applications due to its adequate corrosion resistance to cracks after the completion of welding process. However, there has been ongoing attempts to investigate the potential enhancement in the strength and durability of 316L stainless steel by reinforcing it with silicon carbide (SiC). The present work adopts the selective laser melting (SLM) technique to fabricate SiC-reinforced 316L steel to boost its microhardness and strength properties. The methodology involved the addition of 1% wt. silicon carbide with particle sizes <40 μm to reinforce the stainless steel matrix. An SLM metal printing machine equipped with a continuous wave of 300 W fiber laser is employed to form the specimens. To measure the properties of the final product, EDX, XRD, FESEM, and universal tensile test machines have been used. The maximum value of 296 HV was obtained for a 1% volume of SiC compared to the 285 HV microhardness of pure stainless steel 316L. FESEM examination showed that the SiC microparticles were dissolved completely and they were randomly distributed in the melting basin. The samples were dissolved entirely, and the best porosity was obtained at 0.4% with influential parameters of 200 W laser power, 70 µm hatching distance, 30 µm layer thickness, and 700 mm/s velocities. The results also revealed that the microhardness at these parameters is the best compared to the samples produced with different values. The volumetric energy density was also considered. The findings can be informative to the researchers and manufacturers interested in 316L steel industry.

Project Based DMC (Digital Marketing Channel) Learning Development to Growing DMC Ability of Management Students FEB Unisma

Purpose: This study aims to produce a project-based DMC learning model and use it as a learning reference to improve the quality of learning and be able to grow students' DMC abilities.
 Methodology: The design of this study is a research and development model based on research. Design based research is a methodology to understand how, when, and why learning innovations are designed, implemented, and evaluated. There are four stages of activity, including identification of needs, preparing designs and prototypes, conducting validation tests and improving prototypes, perfecting the final product.
 Findings: The results showed (1) that there was no balance between theory and practice; (2) the validation test found that the objectives, content of the material, and learning presentations in terms of content and language were very good, while the appearance was classified as good; (3) the final product test shows the results of the student portfolio assessment are very good; (4) revision of the final product is carried out in the section on the instructions for using the DMC learning model. 
 Implications: The development of this project-based DMC learning model is only developed in an effort to improve the quality of digital learning marketing.
 Practical implications: DMC practice is only internalized through -based DMC learning project. 
 Originality/value: The resulting product can be used as a digital learning reference marketing to grow students' DMC skills, so that obtained learning outcomes in accordance with the objectives of MBKM.
 Paper type: Research paper

UV/VIS imaging-based PAT tool for drug particle size inspection in intact tablets supported by pattern recognition neural networks

The potential of machine vision systems has not currently been exploited for pharmaceutical applications, although expected to provide revolutionary solutions for in-process and final product testing. The presented paper aimed to analyze the particle size of meloxicam, a yellow model active pharmaceutical ingredient, in intact tablets by a digital UV/VIS imaging-based machine vision system. Two image processing algorithms were developed and coupled with pattern recognition neural networks for UV and VIS images for particle size-based classification of the prepared tablets. The developed method can identify tablets containing finer or larger particles than the target with more than 97% accuracy. Two algorithms were developed for UV and VIS images for particle size analysis of the prepared tablets. According to the applied statistical tests, the obtained particle size distributions were similar to the results of the laser diffraction-based reference method. Digital UV/VIS imaging combined with multivariate data analysis can provide a new non-destructive, rapid, in-line tool for particle size analysis in tablets.

Digital holography as metrology tool at micro-nanoscale for soft matter

The appearance of the first laser approximately 12 years after the invention of holography by Gabor (1948) revolutionized the field of optical metrology. In fact, the invention of holographic interferometry enabled the exploitation of interferometry on non-mirror surfaces and full-scale objects. The holography-based measurement methods has been implemented to several industrial systems or in support of R&D with the aim of improving new products in many fields (automotive, aerospace, electronics, etc.). To date, holography has been considered an important measurement tool for non-destructive inspection (NDI), strain-stress measurement, and vibration analysis at various engineering sites. Recently, the new paradigm of Industry4.0 has seen the introduction of new technologies and methods of processing materials as well as the development of manufacturing approaches for the realization of innovative products. For example, direct printing, additive, and bottom-up manufacturing processes are expected to involve new ways of making products in future, and most innovative fabrication processes will be based on the manipulation of soft matter (e.g., starting from the liquid phase) that will be shaped at the nanoscale. The inherent characteristics of digital holography (DH) make it a powerful and accurate tool for the visualization and testing of final products, as well as for in situ and real-time monitoring and quantitative characterization of the processes involved during the fabrication cycle. This review aims to report on the most useful applications of soft matter, where the capabilities offered by DH, such as three-dimensional (3D) imaging, extended focus, 3D tracking, full-field analysis, high sensitivity, and a wide range of measurements from nanometers to centimeters, permit completely non-invasive characterizations on a full-scale. Several holographic experimental results of typical samples are reported and discussed where DH plays a primary role as a tool gauge for soft matter.

STUDIES IN PROSPECTIVE PROCESS VALIDATION OF ALLOPURINOL USP AS ACTIVE PHARMACEUTICAL INGREDIENT

Allopurinol USP batches of same size, method, equipment and validation criterion were taken. The critical process parameter involved were reaction, drying, milling, sifting, milling, and blending stages were validation. Quality cannot be assured by daily quality control testing because of the limitations of statistical samples, and the limited facilities of finished product testing. Validation checks the accuracy and reliability of process. Aim of this work was to study prospective process validation of allopurinol USP designed to meet the current regulatory requirements and prove with assurance that the product meets the predetermined specifications and quality attributes. The critical process parameter was identified with the help of process capability and evaluated by challenging its in house and compendial specification. Three initial process validations batches APL/008, APL/009 and APL/010 were identified and evaluated as per validation master plan. The outcome indicated that this process validation data provides high degree of assurance so that manufacturing process produces a quality product.

Machine Learning and Advanced Statistical Modeling Can Identify Key Quality Management Practices That Affect Postpasteurization Contamination of Fluid Milk

Spoilage of high-temperature, short-time (HTST)- and vat-pasteurized fluid milk due to the introduction of gram-negative bacteria postpasteurization remains a challenge for the dairy industry. Although processing facility-level practices (e.g., sanitation practices) are known to impact the frequency of postpasteurization contamination (PPC), the relative importance of different practices is not well defined, thereby affecting the ability of facilities to select intervention targets that reduce PPC and provide the greatest return on investment. Thus, the goal of this study was to use an existing longitudinal data set of bacterial spoilage indicators obtained for pasteurized fluid milk samples collected from 23 processing facilities between July 2015 and November 2017 (with three to five samplings per facility) and data from a survey on fluid milk quality management practices, to identify factors associated with PPC and rank their relative importance. This ranking was accomplished using two separate approaches: multimodel inference and conditional random forest. Data preprocessing for multimodel inference analysis showed (i) nearly all factors were significantly associated with PPC when assessed individually using univariable logistic regression and (ii) numerous pairs of factors were strongly associated with each other (Cramer's V ≥ 0.80). Multimodel inference and conditional random forest analyses identified similar drivers associated with PPC; factors identified as most important based on these analyses included cleaning and sanitation practices, activities related to good manufacturing practices, container type (a proxy for different filling equipment), in-house finished product testing, and designation of a quality department, indicating potential targets for reducing PPC. In addition, this study illustrates how machine learning approaches can be used with highly correlated and unbalanced data, as typical for food safety and quality, to facilitate improved data analyses and decision making.