Multiple Hypothesis Testing Research Articles

PENGARUH RETURN ON ASSET (ROA) CURRENT RATIO (CR) DAN EARNING PER SHARE (EPS) TERHADAP HARGA SAHAM PADA PT MAYORA INDAH TBK PERIODE 2013-2022

ABSTRACT This study aims to determine the effect of Return On Asset (ROA) Current Ratio (CR) and Earning Per Share (EPS) on the share price of PT Mayora Indah Tbk for the period 2013-2022. This research uses Descriptive Quantitative methods with hypothesis testing. This research used descriptive statistical tests, classical assumption tests, multiple linear regression tests, hypothesis tests (t tests and f tests), and coefficient of determination tests with the help of the SPSS (Statistical Product Service Solution) program version 26. Based on the hypothesis test perisal Effect of Return On Asset (X1) show sthat t count < t table where 1.016 < 2.364 and a significant value of 0.349 > 0.05, so that Return On Asset has no effect and is not significant to the stock price.T heresults of hypothesis testing in terms of the effect of Current Ratio (X2) show that tcount < t table where 1,260 < 2,364 and a significant value of 0.255> 0.05, so that Current Ratio has no effect and is not significant to stock prices.The results of hypothesis testing in terms of the effect of Earning Per Share (X3) show that t count > T table where-2.752 > 2.364 and a significant value of 0.03 < 0.05 so that Earning Per Share has a negative and significant effecton Stock Price.The test results simultan eously show that f count > f table where 5.343 > 4,35 with asignificant 0.039 < 0.05. so it can be concluded that Return On Asset, Current Ratio, and Earning Per Share havea significant effect on Price. Keywords: ROA, CR, EPS and stock Price.

Abstract P017: Circulating tumor DNA kinetics identify prodynorphin signaling as a target to radiosensitize non-small cell lung cancer

Abstract Introduction: Definitive chemoradiation therapy (CRT) is essential for controlling locoregionally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, up to 30% of patients experience local recurrences within the radiation field. Analyzing favorable responders to treatment could enable identification of genetic alterations associated with radiosensitivity, but standard imaging cannot distinguish residual disease from inflammation and fibrosis during treatment to assess treatment response. We hypothesized that circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) kinetics during CRT could identify genetic alterations associated with radiosensitivity that could be validated in preclinical models and harnessed to develop new combination therapies with radiotherapy (RT). Methods: We applied cancer personalized profiling by deep sequencing (CAPP-Seq) ctDNA analysis to pre-CRT and mid-treatment (mid-CRT) plasma samples from 61 patients with Stage II-III NSCLC. We identified ctDNA rapid responders as the 10 patients with the largest decrease in ctDNA concentration mid-CRT without local progression and determined the prevalence of genetic alterations in rapid responders versus slow responders using Fisher’s exact tests corrected for multiple hypothesis testing. To investigate the therapeutic potential of targeting PDYN during RT, we performed clonogenic assays on isogeneic PDYN CRISPR-Cas9 knockout and wildtype H1299 and SW1573 human NSCLC cell lines and H1299 cells treated with prodynorphin-neutralizing antibodies. Results: Mid-CRT log-fold change in ctDNA concentration was significantly associated with progression-free survival (P=0.02) in Stage II-III NSCLC. Mutations in PDYN, which encodes the opioid peptide precursor protein prodynorphin, were observed in 30% of ctDNA rapid responders and 0% of ctDNA slow responders (adjusted P=0.04). In NSCLC patients from TCGA treated with RT, the cumulative incidence of local failure was significantly lower in tumors with PDYN mutations (0% vs. 17% at 3 years, P<0.001). PDYN knockout (PDYNNULL) radiosensitized human NSCLC cancer cells by clonogenic assay, and extracellular administration of prodynorphin or its cleavage product dynophin A partially restored radioresistance in PDYNNULL cells. Prodynorphin cleavage products have been reported to signal through opioid receptors and to antagonize N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) signaling. Although treatment of wildtype H1299 cells with opioid receptor antagonists did not affect radiosensitivity, the NMDAR antagonist MK-801 partially restored RT resistance in PDYNNULL cells. Finally, prodynorphin-neutralizing antibodies significantly reduced clonogenic survival of human NSCLC cells. Conclusions: ctDNA kinetics enable the identification of patients responding favorably to treatment and putative targets to enhance the efficacy of RT. Targeting prodynorphin may enhance the radiosensitivity of NSCLC by increasing NMDAR signaling. Citation Format: Ziwei Wang, Angela B. Hui, Ash A. Alizadeh, Maximilian Diehn, Everett J. Moding.Circulating tumor DNA kinetics identify prodynorphin signaling as a target to radiosensitize non-small cell lung cancer.[abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference in Cancer Research: Translating Targeted Therapies in Combination with Radiotherapy; 2025 Jan 26-29; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2025;31(2_Suppl):Abstract nr P017

Interacting Anomalies

Abstract An extensive literature studies interactions of stock market anomalies using double-sorted portfolios. But given hundreds of known candidate anomalies, examining selected interactions is subject to a data mining critique. In this paper, we conduct a comprehensive analysis of all possible double-sorted portfolios constructed from 102 underlying anomalies. We find hundreds of statistically significant anomaly interactions, even after accounting for multiple hypothesis testing. An out-of-sample trading strategy that invests in the top backward-looking double-sort strategy generates equal-weighted (value-weighted) monthly average returns of 4% (2.7%) at an annualized Sharpe ratio of 2 (1.38), on par with state-of-the-art anomaly-based machine learning strategies.

PENGARUH DINAMIKA LINGKUNGAN, KEMAMPUAN MANAJEMEN DAN STRATEGI BISNIS TERHADAP KINERJA PERUSAHAAN PT. PLN KOTA BANJARMASIN

Objective of this study was to examine and analyze the effect of Environment dynamic, Management Ability and Business Strategics on Corporate performance of PT PLN (Persero) UP3 Banjarmasin. This research using the method is explanatory research with a quantitative approach. Variables are measured using a Likert scale and data collection with questionare as research instrument. The sample in this study were 46 employees of PT PLN (Persero) UP3 Banjarmasin from a total population of 80 people. Data processing in this study using SPSS software version 25, with descriptive analysis and multiple regression analysis hypothesis testing. The results this study showed that: (1) Environment dinamic had a positive and significant effect on the corporate performance of PT PLN (Persero) UP3 Banjarmasin as evidenced by the t-count of 2.202. (2) Management ability has a significant effect on the corporate performance of PT PLN (Persero) UP3 Banjarmasin, as evidenced by the t-count value of 2,534. (3) Business Strategics has a significant effect on the corporate performance of PT PLN (Persero) UP3 Banjarmasin, as evidenced by the t-count value of 2,534. 4) Simultaneously, the variables of training and human resource development have a significant effect on the performance of employees of PT PLN (Persero) UP3 Banjarmasin as evidenced by the value of F-count = 39,164.

Pengaruh Citra Merek, Persepsi Harga dan Kualitas Produk Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Makanan Kucing Merek Cat Choice di Toko Phiko Cat Shop Balikpapan

This study seeks to examine the influence of Brand Image, Price Perception and Product Quality on Purchasing Decisions, both individually and simultaneously. The research adopts a quantitative approach, utilizing primary and secondary data sources. Primary data were collected through respondents, observations, and documentation, with a sample size of 96 respondents. Data analysis methods include Validity and Reliability Testing, Multiple Linear Regression Analysis and Hypothesis Testing, conducted using SPSS version 20. The findings indicate that: (1) Brand Image, Price Perception, and Product Quality collectively have a significant impact on the Purchase Decision of Cat Choice Brand Cat Food at Phiko Cat Shop Balikpapan; (2) Brand Image individually has a significant effect on the Purchase Decision of Cat Choice Brand Cat Food at Phiko Cat Shop Balikpapan; (3) Price Perception individually has a significant effect on the Purchase Decision of Cat Choice Brand Cat Food at Phiko Cat Shop Balikpapan; and (4) Product Quality individually has a significant effect on the Purchase Decision of Cat Choice Brand Cat Food at Phiko Cat Shop Balikpapan.

To adjust, or not to adjust, for multiple comparisons.

Questions often arise concerning when, whether and how we should adjust our interpretation of the results from multiple hypothesis tests. Strong arguments have been put forward in the epidemiological literature against any correction or adjustment for multiplicity, but regulatory requirements (particularly for pharmaceutical trials) can sometimes trump other concerns. The formal basis for adjustment is often the control of error rates, and hence the problems of multiplicity may seem rooted in a purely frequentist paradigm, though this can be a restrictive viewpoint. Commentators may never wholly agree on any of these things. This article draws some of the key threads from the discussion, and suggests further reading.

The Influence of WCTO, TATO and SG on ROA at PT Kalbe Farma Tbk

This research aims to determine the effect of Working Capital Turnover, Total Asset Turnover, and Sales Growth on Return on Assets (ROA) at PT Kalbe Farma Tbk. Using Quantitative Methods. Sample Financial Report of PT Kalbe Farma Tbk. for 10 years. Data analysis uses descriptive statistical tests, classical assumption tests, multiple regression analysis, hypothesis testing and coefficient of determination tests. The partial test results of Working Capital Turnover do not have a significant effect on Return on Assets. Total Asset Turnover has a significant effect on Return on Assets. Sales Growth has no effect on Return on Assets. The results of simultaneous testing of Working Capital Turnover, Total Asset Turnover, and Sales Growth have a significant effect on Return on Assets. The results of the Coefficient of Determination test show that Adjust R Square is 0.949. Working Capital Turnover, Total Asset Turnover, and Sales Growth on Return on Assets have a contribution of 94 .9%, Meanwhile 5.1% was influenced by other variables not analyzed in this study.

Beban Kerja, Tingkat Kepuasan Karyawan, Dan Tingkat Loyalitas Karyawan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Kontrak Di Dinas Sosial Kota Denpasar

This study aims to determine: (1) The effect of workload on the performance of contract employees at the Denpasar City Social Service, (2) The effect of employee satisfaction level on the performance of contract employees at the Denpasar City Social Service, (3) The effect of employee loyalty level on the performance of contract employees at the Denpasar City Social Service, (4) The effect of workload, employee satisfaction level, and employee loyalty level on the performance of contract employees at the Denpasar City Social Service. This research is a descriptive analysis research with quantitative methods. Data collection with a Likert scale questionnaire. Data analysis using multiple linear regression analysis and hypothesis testing with the T test and F test. The sample in this study were 74 contract employees of the Denpasar City Social Service. The results of the study found that: (1) Workload has a positive and significant effect on employee performance with a significance value of 0.001 <0.05 and a t-count of 3.395. (2) The level of employee satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on employee performance with a significance value of 0.001 <0.05 and a t-count of 3.389. (3) Employee loyalty level has a positive and significant effect on employee performance with a significance value of 0.001 < 0.05 and a t-count of 3.531. (4) Workload, employee satisfaction level, and employee loyalty level have a positive and significant effect on contract employee performance with a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05 and an f-count of 30, 738.

Causal relationship between 731 immune cells and the risk of myeloproliferative neoplasms: A 2-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.

Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) are chronic hematological disorders marked by the abnormal proliferation of bone marrow cells. The most commonly encountered forms are polycythemia vera (PV), primary myelofibrosis (PMF), and essential thrombocythemia (ET). These disorders are generally associated with increases in blood components, which can lead to conditions like splenomegaly, thrombosis, bleeding tendencies, and a heightened risk of progressing to acute leukemia. Previous research has indicated a possible link between immune cells and MPN, yet this association is still poorly understood. This study seeks to elucidate the causal relationship between immune cell characteristics and the development of MPN. In this study, we employed Mendelian randomization (MR) to investigate potential causal links between 731 immune cell traits and the risk of developing MPN, leveraging data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS). To ensure the robustness of our findings, we conducted extensive sensitivity analyses to assess heterogeneity and detect any pleiotropic effects. Moreover, we implemented a false discovery rate (FDR) correction to mitigate the risk of false positives that may result from the multiple hypothesis testing, thereby adjusting for any statistical biases due to multiple comparisons. The immune phenotype IgD on IgD+ CD24- B cells demonstrated a statistically significant protective effect against MPN (PFDR = 0.047). Upon adjusting the significance threshold to PFDR < 0.20, 16 immune cell phenotypes were significantly associated with MPN. Among these, 11 were found to exert a protective effect against MPN, 5 phenotypes were associated with an elevated risk of MPN. This research highlights a significant association between various immune cell phenotypes and the risk of developing MPN, thereby advancing our understanding of the intricate interplay between immune cell traits and the progression of MPN.

Pengaruh Diskon Dan Cashback Terhadap Frekuensi Pembelian Pada Aplikasi Shopeefood Di Wilayah Kabupaten Jember

This study aims to examine the effect of discount and cashback programs on the frequency of purchases on the Shopeefood application. The background of this research is the rapid development of e-commerce in Indonesia, where Shopee remains the leader with the highest number of monthly visits by 2023. Shopeefood, as one of the main services on this platform, uses various promotional strategies to attract more users, one of which is the discount and cashback program. This study highlights that Shopeefood's strategies, especially the use of discounts and cashback, contribute to an increase in transactions. Discounts provide an immediate price cut that appeals to consumers while cashback offers a financial incentive in the form of a refund that encourages consumers to shop more frequently in the future. However, there are some complaints from consumers regarding the relatively long period of receiving cashback and the less transparent application process, which may affect their level of satisfaction. Through a quantitative approach with multiple linear regression analysis and hypothesis testing, this study found that discount and cashback programs have a significant influence on the frequency of purchases at Shopeefood. The results of this study are expected to provide valuable insights for companies to develop more effective marketing strategies, not only in increasing purchase frequency, but also in building consumer loyalty amid increasingly fierce competition in the food delivery service industry.

Pengaruh Program Samsat Keliling, E-Samsat dan Kesadaran Dalam Membayar Pajak Terhadap Penerimaan Pajak Kendaraan Bermotor Pada UPTD Pendapatan Daerah di Wilayah Kota Kupang (Kantor Samsat Kota Kupang)

This study aims to determine the effect of the Mobile SAMSAT program, E-SAMSAT and awareness in paying taxes on motor vehicle tax revenues at the Kupang City Regional Revenue UPTD or the Kupang City SAMSAT Office. This study uses a descriptive statistical approach. The population in this study were all taxpayers registered at the Kupang City Regional Revenue UPTD. The sampling technique and determination of informants in this study used purposive sampling. The number of samples in this study was 100 respondents and the data collection method was carried out by distributing questionnaires. Data analysis used in this study was validity testing, reliability testing, classical assumption testing, multiple linear regression and hypothesis testing using IBM SPSS Statistics 26. The results of simultaneous testing showed that the variables of the Mobile SAMSAT program, E-SAMSAT and awareness in paying taxes had a significant effect on increasing motor vehicle tax revenues in Kupang City. The Mobile SAMSAT and E-SAMSAT programs supported by increased taxpayer awareness will have a positive effect on increasing Motor Vehicle Tax revenues because they simplify the payment process and increase the fulfillment of motor vehicle taxpayers in Kupang City.

Pengaruh Keanekaragaman Produk Dan Harga Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Dengan Kualitas Produk Sebagai Variabel Moderasi Pada Pujasera Di Desa Bandar Agung Lampung Tengah

This research aims to determine whether there is an influence of product diversity and price on purchasing decisions in a diverse snack center. It also aims to examine the moderating effect of product quality on the relationship between consumers' purchasing decisions in the diverse snack center. This research adopts a quantitative approach, with a sample size of 60 respondents. Data collection is conducted through questionnaires, and data analysis includes Validity Test, Reliability Test, Normality Test, Linearity Test, Homogeneity Test, Multiple Regression Analysis (MRA), t-test, R-squared test, and Hypothesis Testing. The data is processed using SPSS version 25. The research findings are as follows: 1. Product diversity has a positive influence on purchasing decisions. 2. Price has a negative influence on purchasing decisions. 3. Product diversity, moderated by product quality, has an acceptable value and a positive influence on purchasing decisions. 4. Price, moderated by product quality, has an acceptable value and a positive influence on purchasing decisions.

Nudging tax filing through text message combinations: evidence from Pakistan

Abstract Developing countries, with limited monitoring and auditing capabilities, face significant tax evasion issues. This study examines the impact of various text message combinations on promoting tax compliance, particularly in encouraging service providers to submit monthly sales tax returns in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. A randomised controlled trial involved 18,087 service providers and tested three types of SMS reminders. These included a basic reminder for the due date, a reciprocity message emphasising social responsibility, and a loss aversion (LA) message highlighting financial penalties and deactivation. Subsequently, service providers who didn’t file on time received one of three warning messages. These warnings included a basic alert about potential legal action, financial penalties, and deactivation, as well as a message framing continued non-compliance as an active choice (AC). Overall, the interventions did not significantly influence tax filing behaviour beyond basic reminders and warnings. However, compliance improved for early registrants with the LA reminder and AC warning, and these results were robust to multiple hypothesis testing corrections. Compliance worsened for recent registrants in all combinations except the LA reminder and AC warning. These findings suggest that targeted low-cost messages that convey vague threats can improve tax compliance among certain taxpayer groups.

Determinant Factors Affecting the Number of Tourist Visits to Gili Trawangan, North Lombok

This research aims to determine the effect of tourist income, travel time, travel costs on the number of tourist visits to Gili Trawangan. Data collection was carried out using primary data (questionnaires) which were filled out by visitors to tourist attractions on Gili Trawangan. Data processing uses classical assumption tests (normality test, reliability test, heteroscedasticity test, multicollinearity test), multiple linear regression and hypothesis testing. The research results show that the coefficient of determination (R2) is 0.72. The research results simultaneously show that tourist income, travel time, travel costs and attractiveness have a significant effect on the number of tourist visits. The research results show that partially income, travel time, travel costs and attractiveness have a significant effect on the number of tourist visits. It is hoped that tourist attraction managers will continue to innovate so that they always have attractions that can make tourists come back to tourist attractions on Gili Trawangan.

Pengaruh Citra Destinasi dan Kepuasan Pelanggan Terhadap Niat Perilaku Pada Lembah Tumpang Resort Kabupaten Malang

This research used a quantitative approach. The data was collected by distributing questionnaires to 100 respondents from tourists who visited the Tumpang Valley Resort, Malang Regency, offline (directly). The sampling used non-probability sampling with a purposive sampling technique. The data analysis method in this research used multiple linear regression analysis and hypothesis testing. The results of partial hypothesis testing showed that the destination image positively and significantly affects behavioral intentions. Customer satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on behavioral intentions. The results of simultaneous hypothesis testing showed that the destination image and customer satisfaction have a positive and significant impact on behavioral intentions. From the results of this research, it can be concluded that the destination image and customer satisfaction influence the behavioral intentions in Tumpang Valley, Malang Regency

Analisis Pertumbuhan Ekonomi, Produksi Tanaman Pangan dan Ketahanan Pangan di Propinsi Jambi

This research aims to analyze economic growth, food crop production and food security in Jambi Province. The data used in this research is secondary data obtained from the Jambi Province BPS website. This research was conducted for 1 month. Data analysis method uses qualitative and quantitative descriptive methods. The analysis tools used are multiple linear regression, hypothesis testing and coefficient of determination. The research results showed that there was partially no effect of economic growth on food security in Jambi Province and no effect of food crop production on poverty in Jambi Province. Simultaneously, there is a significant influence between economic growth and food crop production on food security in Jamb Province. The simultaneous influence between Economic Growth and food crop production on food security in Jambi Province is 79.2%, the remaining 20.8% is influenced by other variables not examined in the research.

The Influence of Halal Lifestyle, Halal Knowledge and Promotion on Rabbani Brand Purchasing Decisions

This study aims to determine and analyze the influence of halal lifestyle, halal knowledge and promotion on purchasing decisions of Rabbani Brand (Study on Rabbani Consumers in Medan City). This study uses a quantitative method, with an associative approach. The number of samples in this study was 92 respondents, namely consumers of Rabbani Medan Store). The data source used in this study is primary data obtained by distributing questionnaires to respondents. Data analysis techniques in this study are data quality testing, classical assumption testing, multiple linear regression analysis and hypothesis testing carried out using SPSS software version 25. The results of the study indicate that Halal Lifestyle partially has a positive and significant effect on Consumer Purchasing Decisions at Rabbani Medan Store in 2024. This is evidenced by the t-count value of 3.430 which is greater than the t-table of 1.662 and has a significant figure of 0.001 &lt;0.05. Halal Knowledge partially influences Consumer Purchasing Decisions at Rabbani Medan Store in 2024. This is evidenced by the t-count value of 3.040 which is greater than the t-table of 1.662 and has a significant figure of 0.003 &lt;0.05. Promotion partially influences Consumer Purchasing Decisions at Rabbani Medan Store in 2024. This is evidenced by the t-value of 2.922, which is greater than the t-table of 1.662 and has a significant figure of 0.004 &lt;0.05. The results of the study indicate that Promotion is classified as very satisfying consumer expectations, because the promotions offered are very affordable for consumers who have a limited shopping budget. Halal Lifestyle, Halal Knowledge and Promotion simultaneously have a positive and significant effect on Consumer Purchasing Decisions at Rabbani Medan Store in 2024. This is evidenced by the F-value of 29.860, which is greater than the F-table of 2.01 and has a significant figure of 0.00 &lt;0.05. Based on the results of the determination coefficient test (Adjust R Square), it is known that the Halal Lifestyle, Halal Knowledge and Promotion variables can explain the level of Consumer Purchasing Decisions by 48.8%. While the rest (51.2%) can be explained by other factors not examined in this study.

Pengaruh Brand Ambassador Dan Kualitas Produk Terhadap Minat Beli Konsumen Pada Produk Avoskin

In the era following the Covid-19 pandemic, many beauty clinic consumers switched to using beauty products, especially skincare. With the increasing development of the skincare industry from year to year, various skincare brands have been emerging in Indonesia. Skincare companies can use brand ambassadors and product quality to create buying interest. This research analyzed the influence of brand ambassadors and product quality on Avoskin products partially and simultaneously on consumer buying interest. This research was quantitative and included explanatory research. The data collection technique was done by distributing questionnaires to 100 respondents who knew or had used Avoskin skincare products. The respondents were selected with the purposive sampling method. The data analysis method used multiple linear regression analysis and hypothesis testing. This study showed that brand ambassadorship and product quality have a positive and significant effect, both partially and simultaneously, on the interest in purchasing Avoskin skincare products. Based on the results of this research, it is recommended that Avoskin increase consumer trust in the existing brand ambassadors and maintain product quality through the ingredients provided. Therefore, Avoskin can create a sense of buying interest in consumers

FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KINERJA KEUANGAN DI PERUSAHAAN JAKARTA ISLAMIC INDEX (JII) TAHUN 2018-2022

The aim of this research is to determine the influence of Intellectual Capita, Good Corporate Governance, Accounting Conservatism on finance with company size as a moderating variable in companies registered on the Jakarta Islamic Index (JII) 2018-2022. Data used is quantitative source secondary data company financial reports for 2018-2022. Data analysis uses multiple linear regression and hypothesis testing. The research results obtained were that Intellectual capital and accounting conservatism had a significant effect on ROA in companies listed on (JII) 2018-2020, while good corporate governance had no significant effect on ROA in companies listed on (JII) 2018-2020. Intellectual capital has a significant effect on ROA with company size as a mediating variable in companies listed (JII) 2018-2020. Meanwhile, good corporate governance and accounting conservatism do not have a significant effect on ROA with company size as a mediating variable in companies listed (JII) for 2018-2020.

The Influence of Influencer Marketing and Brand Awareness on Purchase Decisions of Chatime in Bengkulu City

This study aims to analyze the influence of influencer marketing on purchase decisions, the influence of brand awareness on purchase decisions, and the influence of both influencer marketing and brand awareness on purchase decisions. The population of this study is Generation Z who purchase Chatime in Bengkulu City. The sample consists of 100 respondents, selected through purposive sampling and non-probability sampling using the Cochran formula. Data analysis was performed using multiple regression and hypothesis testing, employing SPSS version 25. The results of this study conclude that (1) influencer marketing has a positive influence on purchase decisions with a significance of 0.018 0.05, (2) brand awareness has a positive influence on purchase decisions with a significance of 0.000 0.05, and (3) influencer marketing and brand awareness simultaneously have a positive influence with a significance of 0.000 0.05.