Testing Mediation Effects Research Articles

Impact of Moral Elevation on College Students' Sense of Meaning of Life: The Mediating Roles of Gratitude and Perceived Social Support.

The current study examined the association between moral elevation and college students' sense of meaning of life, along with the potential mediating effects of gratitude and perceived social support on this relationship. Using the convenience sampling method, the Moral Elevation Scale, the Sense of Meaning of Life Questionnaire, the Gratitude Questionnaire, and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support were used to conduct questionnaire surveys on 1088 college students (Mage=19.59 years, SD=1.46). SPSS25.0 data statistics software was used to analyze the data, and the PROCESS macro for SPSS was used to conduct the mediation effect test. (1) Moral elevation was significantly and positively associated with college students' sense of meaning of life (β = 0.43,p < 0.001). (2) Both gratitude and perceived social support partially mediated the relation between moral elevation and sense of meaning of life. The indirect effect of moral elevation on sense of meaning of life via gratitude was 0.11 (95% CI = [0.0709, 0.1453]), and the mediating effect accounted for 52.71%. The indirect effect of moral elevation on sense of meaning of life via perceived social support was 0.06 (95% CI = [0.0385, 0.0863]), and the mediating effect accounted for 29.41%. (3) Gratitude and perceived social support sequentially mediated the association between moral elevation and sense of meaning of life, the indirect effect through gratitude and perceived social support was 0.04 (95% CI = [0.0237, 0.0512]) and accounted for 17.88%. This study revealed the chain mediating roles of gratitude and perceived social support in the relation between moral elevation and sense of meaning of life for Chinese college students, which is of great theoretical and practical significance for the formation of a positive sense of meaning of life and the cultivation of moral elevation among college students.

Fiscal agricultural expenditures' impact on sustainable agricultural economic development: Dynamic marginal effects and impact mechanism.

Sustainable agricultural economic development is the core task for achieving the objective of rural revitalization strategy in China, which cannot be separated from the support and guidance of fiscal policy, and agricultural industry integration is a key path for the fiscal promotion of sustainable agricultural economic development. This paper systematically examines the interaction mechanism between fiscal agricultural expenditures and sustainable agricultural economic development by using 31 provincial panel data in China from 2008 to 2020 and adopting a two-way fixed effect model, a panel quantile model, and a mediating effect model, respectively. The results show that the impact of fiscal agricultural expenditures on sustainable agricultural economic development is significantly positive, and appears a dynamic increasing trend with the agricultural development stage upgrading. Moreover, heterogeneity analysis shows that the effect of fiscal agricultural expenditures is more obvious for the samples in the central region and with a high share of primary industry. Further, a mediating effect test finds that agricultural industry integration plays a mediating mechanism between fiscal agricultural expenditures and sustainable agricultural economic development. Therefore, this paper proposes constructing a long-term investment mechanism for fiscal agricultural expenditures, formulating differentiated fiscal support policies for agriculture, and prioritizing support for agricultural industry integration, which provides theoretical support and policy inspiration for promoting sustainable agricultural economic development.

A Study on The Impact of Women’s Empowerment on Food Security: Based on The Perspective of Agricultural Production Diversity

This study analyzed the role of women's empowerment in diversifying households' diets through their production. Based on the survey data of 1185 rural households of Yunnan, Guizhou, Shaanxi, and Gansu provinces in 2021, this paper measured women's empowerment level from five dimensions: agricultural production, credit resources, income control, leadership, and time allocation. It targeted food safety and further analyzed the role of agricultural production diversity in the pathway of women's empowerment impact on households' food security. The estimation showed that improving women's empowerment enhances diet quality and increases agricultural production diversity. Meanwhile, agricultural production diversity was conducive to improving the food security level of households. After carrying out the mediation effect test, the paper found that agricultural diversity partially mediates the effect of women's empowerment on food security and a total mediation effect on women's empowerment and food security in the poor group. Furthermore, agricultural diversity could further promote households' food and nutrition security based on women's decision-making ability

Cultural capital, the digital divide, and the health of older adults: a moderated mediation effect test

BackgroundIt is of great practical significance to study the intrinsic relationship between cultural capital, digital divide, cognitive ability, and health of older adults in the dual social context of population aging and the digital era.MethodsWe analyzed data from the 2020 China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) initiated by the China Center for Social Science Surveys at Peking University. Physical health, mental health, and memory health were set as indicators of older adults, and the relationship between cultural capital, digital divide, cognitive ability, and health of older adults was examined by hierarchical regression with moderated mediated effect methods.ResultsImprovement in the health of older adults is associated with an increase in the level of cultural capital; cultural capital may bridge the digital divide faced by older adults, which in turn promotes the improvement of the health of older adults; the higher the level of cognitive ability, the stronger the effect of cultural capital on the digital divide, and at the same time, the stronger the mediating effect of the digital divide; cultural capital has a more pronounced effect on the health of older male adults living in the city.ConclusionsThe results of the study show that cultural capital can have a positive impact on the health of older adults, but there is urban-rural heterogeneity and gender heterogeneity, in which the digital divide plays a mediating role, and the enhancement of the cognitive ability of older adults will be conducive to the improvement of their health, so the health of older adults should be promoted by improving the level of their cultural capital and the ability of older adults to use digital technology, thus provide references for the protection of health of older adults.

Mediation effect of hope on the relationship between inner strength and self-management in patients after percutaneous coronary intervention.

Effective self-management can enhance a patient's quality of life and delay disease progression. However, motivating patients to adhere to self-management behavior following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) remains a challenge. With the robust development of positive psychology and interdisciplinary research, the role of psychology factors in patients' health behavior has increasingly garnered attention. This study, focusing on positive psychological qualities, aims to investigate the relationship between inner strength, hope, and self-management in patients post-PCI, and to analyze the mediating role of hope between inner strength and self-management. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 216 PCI patients from a tertiary hospital in Nanjing. Research instruments included a self-designed general information questionnaire, the Inner Strength Scale (ISS), the Herth Hope Index (HHI), and the Coronary Self-Management Scale (CSMS). T-test, analysis of variance, Pearson's correlation analysis, and mediating effect test were utilized for statistical analysis. The average scores of the ISS, HHI, and CSMS were 81.46 ± 12.00, 35.94 ± 5.38, and 86.79 ± 14.84, respectively. Inner strength was positively correlated with hope and self-management (r = 0.867, r = 0.630, respectively; all P < 0.05), and hope was positively correlated with self-management (r = 0.671, P < 0.05). Moreover, hope had a complete mediating effect between inner strength and self-management (β = 0.630, P < 0.01). The inner strength, hope, and self-management of patients with PCI are at a moderate level. Inner strength primarily influences patients' self-management behavior through hope, suggesting that medical staff can target hope to help patients build confidence in life after illness, form and accumulate inner strength, thereby promoting their self-management and improving prognosis.

Short sleep time may be the main reason for irregular breakfast to cause overweight-a cross-sectional study.

In recent years, the relationship between circadian rhythm and overweight and obesity has attracted the attention of many scholars. To evaluate association between the duration of sleep and the regularity of breakfast and overweight. A total of 1,178 students from Qingdao University were selected by stratified cluster sampling. There were 601 males (24.69 ± 0.80 years old) and 569 females (24.54 ± 0.70 years old). We used body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) to define overweight levels. Chi-square test, Pearson correlation test, and logistic regression were applied to test association among overweight, sleep duration, sleep onset time, and breakfast regularity. Pittsburgh sleep quality index was used to assess the overall sleep quality of the study subjects. Mediation effect and Sobel test were used to analyze the effect of sleep duration on breakfast regularity and overweight. Only 34.1% of the population ate breakfast every day, and eating breakfast 1-3 times per week was associated with a higher risk of overweight (BMI: OR = 2.183, 95%CI: 1.369,3,481; WC: OR = 2.101, 95%CI: 1.232,3,583; WHR: OR = 2.108, 95%CI: 1.331,3,337). The effects of all types of Usual Breakfast Consumption Frequency on overweight were fully mediated by sleep duration (p < 0.05). In particular, the subjects exercised outdoors more than five times per week slept longer (p < 0.05). Short sleep duration may be the main reason for irregular breakfast leading to overweight. Adequate outdoor exercise is essential for weight maintenance.

Non-State Shareholder Participation and Technological Innovation in State-Owned Enterprises

The Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee established mixed ownership system as the main policy of SOE reform, and as the main form of SOE "mixed reform", can non-state shareholders' participation promote the technological innovation of SOE? Based on the research samples of China's A-share state-owned listed companies from 2010 to 2017, this paper finds that the participation of non-state shareholders promotes the technological innovation of SOE, and this result is more robust when the participation of non-state shareholders exceeds 10%, i.e., when the participation of non-state major shareholders is more robust. The results of the mediation effect model show that non-state shareholders' equity participation plays a positive role in the level of state-owned technological innovation by improving the incentive channel for executive compensation, while the results of the mediation effect test of the financial assets investment channel are not verified. This paper provides theoretical and empirical support for the rationality and effectiveness of mixed ownership reform from the dimension of technological innovation.

성인의 의도적 반추와 외상후 스트레스 증상 및 외상후 성장의 관계

Objectives This study aimed to investigate the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation(CER) in the relation-ship between deliberate rumination(DR), posttraumatic stress symptoms(PTSS) and posttraumatic growth(PTG).&#x0D; Methods 496 people completed self-reporting questionnaires: a Trauma Events Checklist, the Korean Version of Event Related Rumination Inventory(K-ERRI), the Korean Version of Impact of Event Scale-Revised(IES-R-K), the Korean Version of Posttraumatic Growth Inventory(K-PTGI), the Korean Version of Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire(K-CERQ).&#x0D; Results The results showed significant positive correlations among deliberate rumination, maladaptive CER, adap-tive CER, PTSS and PTG, although adaptive CER was not significantly correlated with PTSS. As a result of the me-diating effect test, a significant partial mediating effect of maladaptive CER was found in the relationship between deliberate rumination and PTSS. In the relationship between deliberate rumination and PTSS, a significant partial mediating effect of adaptive CER was found. The suppression effect of adaptive CER was suggested in the rela-tionship between deliberate rumination and PTSS. In the relationship between deliberate rumination and PTG, a significant partial mediating effect of adaptive CER was found.&#x0D; Conclusions These results suggest that the experience of PTSS or PTG after deliberate rumination depends on the type of cognitive emotion regulation strategies being used.

A study on Internet use and subjective well-being among Chinese older adults: based on CGSS (2012-2018) five-wave mixed interface survey data.

This study is designed to investigate the relationship between Internet use and subjective well-being of the older adults in China, and to analyze the mediating role of subjective social fairness in the above relationship. Based on the five-wave mixed interface survey data of China General Social Survey (CGSS) in 2012, 2013, 2015, 2017, and 2018, we select a total of 18,458 older adults aged 60 and above, and comprehensively used ordered probit regression, propensity score matching (PSM), and Karlson-Holm-Breen (KHB) mediating effect test methods. The analysis results show that (1) Internet use is significantly positively correlated with the subjective well-being of the older adults, and the higher the frequency of use, the stronger the subjective well-being. (2) Place of residence, education, and regional factors moderated the effect of Internet use on subjective well-being. The subjective well-being effect of Internet use is significant among male older adults, as well as on urban, educated, or eastern older adults. (3) Subjective social fairness plays a negative mediating role in the relationship between Internet use and subjective well-being of older adults. The findings suggest that Internet use contributes to the improvement of subjective well-being in older adults, but attenuates this effect by reducing the subjective social fairness. Future research should further consider other factors such as the purpose, specific function, intensity of Internet use, etc., to gain a deeper understanding of how the Internet can help promote well-being.

Physical activity and health-related quality of life in older adults: depression as a mediator

BackgroundPhysical activity(PA) is associated with health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among older adults, and both are associated with mood, such as depression. However, the indirect effects of PA on HRQoL in older adults have not been clearly established. This study explained how different types and intensities of PA were associated with HRQoL while considering the effects of depression in older adults.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted with 7,518 community-dwelling older adults aged 60 years and older. PA (leisure-time, household, and work-related), depression, and HRQoL were measured using the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE), the 30-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-30), and the 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36), respectively. Information on age, gender, education, monthly income, activities of daily living, smoking, and alcohol drinking was also collected. Regression analysis was used to explore the relationship between PA, depression and HRQoL, and a mediation effect test process was used to verify the mediating mechanism of the depression on this relationship.ResultsThe study showed that after adjusting for a set of covariates, SF-36 Physical Component Summary (PCS) scores were negatively associated with depression (B = -2.046, 95% CI [2.584, -1.509]) and positively with PA (p < 0.001). Similarly, SF-36 Mental Component Summary (MCS) scores were negatively associated with depression (B = -11.657, 95% CI [-12.190, -11.124]). In mediation analyses, we found that depression partially mediated the relationship between different types and intensities PA and PCS (moderate leisure-time PA: B = 0.223, 95%CI [0.153,0.293], P < 0.001; vigorous leisure-time PA: B = 0.323, 95%CI [0.232,0.413], P < 0.001; moderate household PA: B = 0.092, 95%CI [0.045,0.139], P < 0.001; vigorous household PA: B = 0.137, 95%CI [0.085,0.190], P < 0.001; work-related PA: B = 0.193, 95%CI [0.658,0.190], P < 0.001) and MCS (moderate leisure-time PA: B = 1.243, 95%CI [1.008,1.479], P < 0.001; vigorous leisure-time PA: B = 1.800, 95%CI [1.585,2.015], P < 0.001; moderate household PA: B = 0.496, 95%CI [0.274,0.718], P < 0.001; vigorous household PA: B = 0.742, 95%CI [0.521,0.963], P < 0.001; work-related PA: B = 1.026, 95%CI [0.819,1.234], P < 0.001).ConclusionsThis study suggested that leisure-time, household, and work-related PA were negatively associated with depression, while positively affecting HRQoL in Chinese older adults. The relationships between different types and intensities of PA and HRQoL were mediated by depression. Interventions aimed at promoting purposeful exercise and different types of PA may have mental health benefits. It is recommended that geriatric health managers and healthcare planners prioritize interventions to help improve PA intensities, alleviate depressive symptoms to promote beneficial effects on HRQoL in older adults.

Human Capital Disclosure, Business Model and Firm Value: Empirical Evidence from Kenya and South Africa

High volatility and decline in firm value has been spotted for listed companies in Kenya as revealed by large deviations between market-to-book value ratios. This has prompted organisations to adopt integrated reporting to enhance accounting information disclosures that has long been linked with firm value. However, studies examining this form of reporting and its contribution to the value of the company and its variant stakeholders remain scanty in the context of Africa. The purpose of this research is to investigate and demonstrate the relationship amongst human capital disclosure, business model and value of listed companies in Kenya and South Africa. The study was braced on the Stakeholder and legitimacy theories. The research design was both exploratory and confirmatory. Secondary data was collected from 137 purposefully selected companies for the period 2018-2020. An unweighted disclosure index was used to measure human capital disclosure, whilst, firm value was measured using Tobin’s Q ratio. Frequency tables were used for data presentation and descriptive statistics was conducted to summarize and describe the data. Pearson correlation analysis was used in measuring the strength and direction of relationships between variables, while, stepwise regression analysis method was applied in testing for mediation effects. The results depict that human capital disclosure has a statistically significant effect on firm value. However, the effect was negative for Kenya and South Africa revealed a positive effect. Human capital disclosure and business model evinced a positive and significant relationship. Human capital transmitted part of its effect on firm value through the entity business model, with Kenyan listed firms revealing inconsistent mediation, whereas, South African companies reported full/complete mediation. The study recommends mandatory disclosures of human capital and business model aspects of integrated reporting by Kenyan listed companies due to its effect on firm value.

Analysis of the Impact of ESG Performance on Financial Market Stability Based on Multivariate Statistical Modeling Perspective

Abstract ESG performance reflects corporate social responsibility, while financial market stability shows the dynamic changes of enterprises, and exploring the relationship between the two is of great significance to optimize the structure of financial market stability. In this paper, on the basis of combining the mechanisms of ESG performance and financial market stability, brand value is introduced as a mediating effect to analyze the mechanism of ESG performance on financial market stability and relevant research hypotheses are designed. The appropriate research model is established with 30 commercial banks in China as the research object through the use of a multiple linear regression model with weighted least squares estimation for parameter estimation. For the impact of ESG performance on financial market stability, empirical analysis is carried out using benchmark regression, mediation effect test, heterogeneity test, and robustness test. Every 1% increase in the ESG composite score of financial institutions increases financial market stability by 0.179%, and only the social dimension of ESG performance is significant for financial market stability. High-cost and small-sized financial institutions are more capable of lowering financial market risk, and the difference in the Beta value of ESG performance of financial institutions between the highest and lowest groups is 1.067, which is significant at the 1% level. Financial enterprises need to pay full attention to the contribution of ESG performance to the stability of the financial market in order to support the enhancement of their economic efficiency and the maintenance of stable and healthy development of the market.

The Interaction between Dramatic Writing and the Construction of National Identity in the Southern National Society Period

Abstract Starting from the background of the development of Chinese and Western cultures, this paper analyzes the textual themes and interprets the ideas of the dramas created during the period of the Nanguosha. Taking into account the specificity of the era and the national perception of Nanguosha’s theatrical works, the concept of theatrical cultural interaction is put forward to analyze the basis of cultural interaction in the cultural acceptance behavior of drama. Audience interaction behavior and audience emotional intelligence are chosen as intermediary and moderating variables respectively, and a four-variable research model is constructed for the creation of Nanguosha’s dramas, the construction of national identity, audience interaction behavior and audience emotional intelligence. Introduce the causal mediation effect model based on Nanguosha theater culture, explain the symbolic variables, and discuss the estimation method for the causal mediation effect. Combine the empirical data with the descriptive analysis and correlation analysis of the variables, and carry out the main effect test, mediation effect test, moderating effect test, and moderated mediation effect test of the research hypotheses in order to verify the interaction of the variables. After introducing the mediator variable of audience interaction behavior, the regression coefficient of Nanguosha’s drama creation on national identity construction is β =0.198, P&lt;0.01, which confirms that there is a relationship of positive influence of Nanguosha’s drama creation on national identity construction, and that the audience interaction behavior plays a partly mediating role in the process of Nanguosha’s drama creation’s role in national identity construction.

Estimation of mediators in the associations between campus green spaces and students' anxiety: a case study in Nanjing.

Although a number of scholars have examined the theoretical pathways between green space (GS) and mental health, few have focused on how campus greenness affects the mental health of Chinese youth. Herein, two objective indicators, campus and individual 300-m normalized vegetation index (NDVI) data, were used as independent variables. A questionnaire was used to collect the self-rated anxiety level of students on campuses in Nanjing. Then, we chose "subjective perception of campus GS", "physical activity", "social cohesion", "nature relatedness" and "usage pattern" as mediating variables to explore the pathways between the campus greenery and college student' anxiety level through correlation analysis, linear regression, and mediation effect test. Results showed the campus-wide NDVI and individual students' 300-m range NDVI had significant negative correlations with anxiety (p = 0.045, p = 0.023). Campus perception, nature relatedness and the frequency of using GS are the pathways through which campus GSs influence student anxiety. Our findings emphasised the importance of subjective perceptions of greenspaces, which provided a direction that can be deepened in future research.

Impact of media dependence: how emotional interactions between users and chat robots affect human socialization?

In the era of intelligent media, human users and chatbots have established a deep dependency relationship through communication, making media dependence a behavioral foundation that widely permeates human social practice. This article investigates how media dependence affects human social interaction during emotional interactions between human users and chatbots. Based on the theory of media dependence, the existing mature scales of media dependence and interpersonal communication were adapted, and 496 Replika user questionnaires were collected. After screening the validity of the questionnaires, 428 valid questionnaires were obtained. Descriptive statistical analysis, correlation analysis, multiple linear regression analysis, and mediation effect testing were used to analyze the impact of media dependence on human-computer emotional interaction. Results indicate a significant positive correlation between human-chatbot emotional interaction and human user social interaction. Media dependence significantly positively regulates emotional interactions between humans and chatbots. In addition, the social interactions of human users are partially influenced by factors such as user nature, age, education, and income.

The relationship between Cooperative Education and Occupational Aspiration of physical education students in the context of Artificial intelligence: the chain mediating role of employability and self-efficacy

Abstract Under the new situation, the state vigorously supports physical education, and the cooperation between industry, academia, and research is increasingly showing an important role in physical education and students’ careers. In this paper, under the background of artificial intelligence, combined with the “government, industry, academia, research and utilization” cultivation mode, we constructed an industry-academia-research cooperative education model of physical education based on a cloud platform. Based on the edge structure model, a mediation effect test model was designed to verify the interlocking mediating roles of employability and self-efficacy in the relationship between cooperative education and physical education students’ career aspirations. Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant correlation (0.816) between physical education students’ acceptance of industry-academia-research cooperative education and career aspirations, and the correlation between cooperative education and employability and self-efficacy was strong. The mediation effect test found that both employability and self-efficacy had a significant mediating effect between cooperative education and career aspirations (P&lt;0.05), and there was a chain mediating effect between the two. The application of the industry-university-research cooperative education model in this paper can promote the formation of good career aspirations among physical education students and provide a new direction for their future employment.

The impact mechanism and empirical analysis of financial efficiency of science and technology empowering regional real economy growth.

With the aim of exploring the impact mechanism of scientific and technological financial efficiency on regional real economy growth in the context of ecological civilization construction, this study introduces environmental regulation as a mediating factor. By analyzing changes in science and financial efficiency of science and technology, we provide an effective basis for regional real economy development. To achieve this goal, we define concepts such as science and financial efficiency of science and technology and regional real economy, measure data from 2012 to 2021, analyze the impact of science and financial efficiency of science and technology on economic growth using intermediary models, test mediation effects with bootstrap methods, and identify significant differences between regions. It indicates that enhancing science and financial efficiency of sci-tech benefits China's regional real economy growth, but there's unbalanced development across regions. Additionally, environmental regulation serves as a crucial intermediary in the relationship between sci-tech finance and economic growth. There exist regional disparities in the mediation effects of environmental regulation, with eastern regions demonstrating stronger effects compared to central and western regions.

A study on the impact of digital economy on driving up the income of rural residents in the context of big data

Abstract The digital economy is promoting rural development and rural residents’ income growth and realizing the improvement of supply efficiency and the change of factor power. In this paper, we first construct the measurement system of rural residents’ income level and digital economy development level, respectively, and then use big data technology to collect relevant data from 2013 to 2020 and calculate the development level of the two by using principal component analysis and entropy weight method respectively. Then, the level of digital economy development was taken as an explanatory variable. Rural residents’ income was taken as an explanatory variable. Empirical regression analysis was carried out to explore the impact of digital economy on the improvement of rural residents’ income. The mediation effect and regional heterogeneity test were carried out. The results show that the coefficients of the digital economy are always significant and all positive at a 1% level when control variables are added gradually, and the Sobel statistic of entrepreneurial activity is 0.061 and 0.045. This study provides theoretical support for the analysis of how the rural digital economy can promote the revitalization of rural industries and promote the commonwealth of farmers and rural areas.

Research on the Impact of Digital Inclusive Finance on Residents’ Consumption Level—Based on Mediation Effect and Threshold Effect Test

Research on the Impact of Digital Inclusive Finance on Residents’ Consumption Level—Based on Mediation Effect and Threshold Effect Test

Junior school students’ foreign language buoyancy, enjoyment, and English achievement: Exploring the connections from a positive psychology perspective

From a positive psychology standpoint, this research investigated the relationship between foreign language buoyancy, foreign language enjoyment, and English academic achievement of 240 junior school students. The results of this survey indicate that learners of foreign languages have higher foreign language buoyancy, and enjoyment and a noteworthy positive association exists among buoyancy, enjoyment and junior school students’ academic success. According to the results of the mediating effect test, enjoyment acts as a partial mediating factor between buoyancy and academic achievement. The buoyancy of junior school students’ foreign language learning can influence their English learning achievement partly through their personal enjoyment. Teacher-related enjoyment and environment-related enjoyment had no significant effect on academic buoyancy and academic achievement. Meanwhile, this study has some enlightening significance. According to the findings, it gives some pertinent suggestions for the improvement and intervention of junior school students’ foreign language learning emotions to junior school students, educators, and parents.