Psychological Tests Research Articles

Impact of war in Ukraine and post-pandemic COVID-19 period on the psychophysiological state of Ukrainian schoolchildren aged 12-13

The article presents a comprehensive analysis of the psychophysical state of schoolchildren, taking into account the challenges posed by the post-pandemic COVID-19 period and the military actions in Ukraine. The study covers the impact of these events on the psychological well-being, physical health, social adaptation and educational achievements of schoolchildren. Using an interdisciplinary approach, the article analyses data collected through surveys, interviews, and physical health indicators, as well as psychological tests, to identify key trends and impacts. Materials and methods. The pedagogical experiment involved 103 schoolchildren aged 12-13 from general secondary education institutions of the Chernivtsi region in the period of the academic year 2023-2024 during various sports, health, recreational, and charity events. Results. The obtained results highlighted the problematic areas related to schoolchildren’s psychophysical state caused by the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic and military conflict in Ukraine. The difference in physical development between the sexes, which is statistically significant (p < 0.05), indicates a critical need to develop individually adapted programmes to promote physical activity among students. The analysis of psychological well-being using the SDQ questionnaire showed a high risk of psycho-emotional problems in 51.3 % of boys and 37.4 % of girls aged 12-13 years, which requires the development of targeted psychological and pedagogical measures. Conclusions. The conducted research indicated existing gaps in the system of modern physical education and the critical need to integrate methods and approaches aimed at improving the schoolchildren’s psychophysical state against the backdrop of general social unrest. Key words: psychophysical state, schoolchildren, military conflict, COVID-19, post-pandemic period.

Temporary Gasserian ganglion stimulation utilizing SNM electrode in subacute herpetic trigeminal neuralgia.

Gasserian ganglion stimulation (GGS) is a neuromodulation technique that has been extensively applied in treating postherpetic trigeminal neuralgia. However, permanent implantation of GGS was preferred in most treatment approaches. Few studies have investigated temporary GGS for the treatment of acute/subacute herpetic trigeminal neuralgia. Moreover, previous research has reported lead dislocation when utilizing traditional electrodes, which was associated with poor pain relief. In GGS research, preventing the accidental displacement of lead following implantation has consistently been a primary objective. We report a case of a 70-year-old woman with subacute herpetic trigeminal neuralgia who underwent temporary GGS for 14 days utilizing a sacral neuromodulation (SNM) quadripolar-tined lead. Computed tomography-guided percutaneous foramen ovale (FO) puncture and temporary SNM electrode implantation were performed during the surgery. A telephone interview was conducted to record a 12-month follow-up. At admission, zoster-related trigeminal pain severity was assessed to be 9/10 on the visual analog scale (VAS). After a 14-day GGS treatment, the pain assessed on the VAS score reduced to 1/10 at discharge but increased to 4/10 at the 12-month follow-up after surgery. Additionally, the anxiety level improved from 58 points to 35 points on the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), and the depression level improved from 62 points to 40 points on the Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS). The Physical Component Summary score of the 12-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12) increased from 33.9 to 47.0, and the Mental Component Summary (MCS) score of the SF-12 increased from 27.4 to 41.9. Temporary GGS might be a potentially effective treatment for subacute herpetic trigeminal neuralgia, and an SNM electrode might be a good choice for reducing the risk of dislocation.

Correlation between the Oral and Mental Health of University Students in Serbia-A Cross-Sectional Study.

This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the correlation between subjective oral health status and mental health in a group of university students in Serbia. The study included 948 students, aged between 18 and 27, from the Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Serbia, and was conducted in 2020. The World Health Organization's Oral Health Questionnaire for Adults was utilized to evaluate the respondents' self-perceived oral health and oral hygiene practices. The existence of depressive symptoms was evaluated using the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), and the Zung self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) was used for determining anxiety symptoms. It is observed that 28.9% of respondents exhibit symptoms of depression and 42.3% showed symptoms of anxiety. Results show that students with severe depression and anxiety symptoms very often reported lower self-perceived oral health and oral health problems. Although the nature of this relationship has not been thoroughly evaluated, several studies have shown a mutually dependent connection between oral health and mental health. The results suggest that some aspects of oral health are associated with higher risks of developing symptoms of depression or anxiety, and vice versa.

Gambaran Intelligence Quotient (IQ) Di MTs N 1 Karanganyar

Individuals have important factors that influence them. Intelligence is the term referred to by scientists. Intelligence can be said to be an individual's ability, dexterity, shrewdness and ingenuity. Individuals compete to become intelligent humans, because only with intelligence can individuals become successful. Intelligence Quotient (IQ) or commonly called intellectual intelligence, is an individual's ability to think that is innate from birth which allows individuals to act in a certain way, as well as an ability that can be measured in a test. This research method is a correlational quantitative approach. The population of this research is all prospective students of class VII MTS N 1 Karanganyar, Gondangrejo for the 2025/2025 academic year in 7 rooms totaling 164 students. The research sample was prospective class VII students at MTs N 1 Karanganyar, totaling 110 students. The data collection method was carried out using psychological test tools, namely TIKI-M (Indonesian Collective Intelligence Test) and documentary. The data analysis used is descriptive analysis. Based on the results of data analysis and research discussion, it can be concluded that the mean level of intelligence quotient (IQ) of MTS N 1 Karanganyar prospective students for the 2024/2025 academic year is 107, which is included in the average category. Based on the frequency distribution of intellectual intelligence, it can be seen that the level of intellectual intelligence of MTS N 1 Karanganyar prospective students is 68.18% at the average level, 27.27% is at the above average level, and as much as 4.54% is at a superior level.

Effects of integrated management on surgical outcomes and mental health of patients following endoscopic submucosal dissection.

Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is a less invasive local treatment for diseases throughout the gastrointestinal tract. To develop an integrated management protocol and analyze its effects on surgical outcomes and mental health of patients after ESD. The study population consisted of patients undergoing ESD before implementation of integrated management and those undergoing ESD by the same pool of surgeons after implementation of integrated management. The management group exhibited shortened fasting time and length of hospital stay compared to the control group (P < 0.05). The management group exhibited a higher incidence rate of postoperative complications than the control group (3 cases vs 11 cases; P = 0.043). The management group exhibited a lower uncertainty score for disease knowledge compared to the control group 12 h after surgery (P < 0.05). The management group gave more scores on the domains of patient familiarity to the responsible nurses, professional skills of responsible nurses, and general evaluation compared to the control group. The management group had a higher total score of patient satisfaction towards the responsible nurses in term of health care than the control group (P < 0.01). The management group exhibited lower Self-Rating Anxiety Scale and Self-Rating Depression Scale scores compared to the control group 12 h after surgery (P < 0.01). The study demonstrates that integrated management could improve surgical outcomes and mental health of patients undergoing ESD.

Assessing anorectal function in patients with recurrent ulcerative colitis

PurposeUlcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease with an unclear etiology that can lead to irreversible changes in distal colonic function in chronic patients. This study investigated anorectal function in recurrent UC patients and identified influencing factors.MethodsThis prospective study enrolled 33 recurrent UC patients and 40 newly diagnosed patients from January 2019 to December 2022. Data collection included clinical records, scores, and anorectal function assessments. Regression analyses were used to identify factors impacting anorectal function.ResultsRecurrent UC patients had higher baseline CRP and fecal calprotectin levels, increased anxiety and depression, and more severe fecal incontinence. They also had lower BMIs, serum Hb and albumin (ALB) levels, and Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire scores than did initial-onset UC patients. Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that long disease duration (coef. − 0.376, P < 0.001) and high fecal calprotectin level (coef. − 0.656, P < 0.001) independently influenced the initial sensation threshold in recurrent UC patients. Additionally, high fecal calprotectin (coef. − 0.073, P = 0.013) and high Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale score (coef. − 0.489, P = 0.001) were identified as two independent determinants of the defecation volume threshold. For the defecation urgency threshold, the independent factors included high disease duration (coef. − 0.358, P = 0.017) and high fecal calprotectin level (coef. − 0.499, P = 0.001). Similarly, the sole independent factor identified for the maximum capacity threshold was high fecal calprotectin (coef. − 0.691, P = 0.001).ConclusionRecurrent UC patients had increased rectal sensitivity and compromised anorectal function, which significantly impacted quality of life. Proactively managing the disease, reducing UC relapses, and addressing anxiety are effective measures for improving anorectal function in these patients.

Validation of the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey 9-item short version: psychometric properties and measurement invariance across age, gender, and continent.

The Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS) stands as the preeminent tool for assessing burnout across various professions. Although the MBI-GS9 emerged as a derivative of the MBI-GS and has seen extensive use over several years, a comprehensive examination of its psychometric properties has yet to be undertaken. This study followed the Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing guidelines to validate the MBI-GS9. Employing a combined approach of classical test theory and item response theory, particularly Rasch analysis, within an integrated framework, the study analyzed data from 16,132 participants gathered between 2005 and 2015 by the Centre for Organizational Research at Acadia University. The findings revealed that the MBI-GS9 exhibited satisfactory reliability and validity akin to its predecessor, the MBI-GS. Across its three dimensions, Cronbach's α and omega coefficients ranged from 0.84 to 0.91. Notably, the MBI-GS9 displayed no floor/ceiling effects and demonstrated good item fit, ordered threshold, acceptable person and item separation and reliability, clear item difficulty hierarchy, and a well-distributed item threshold. However, the results suggested a recommended minimum sample size of 350 to mitigate potential information loss when employing the MBI-GS9. Beyond this threshold, the observed mean difference between the MBI-GS and MBI-GS9 held minimal practical significance. Furthermore, measurement equivalence tests indicated that the MBI-GS9 maintained an equivalent three-factor structure and factor loadings across various gender, age, and continent groups, albeit with inequivalent latent values across continents. In sum, the MBI-GS9 emerges as a reliable and valid alternative to the MBI-GS, particularly when utilized within large, diverse samples across different age and gender demographics. However, to address potential information loss, a substantial sample size is recommended when employing the MBI-GS9. In addition, for cross-cultural comparisons, it is imperative to initially assess equivalence across different language versions at both the item and scale levels.

Gut microbiota profiling reflects the renal dysfunction and psychological distress in patients with diabetic kidney disease.

The gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in the development of diabetes and kidney disease. However, it is not clear how the intestinal microecological imbalance is involved in the context of diabetic kidney disease (DKD), the leading cause of renal failure. To elucidate the gut microbial signatures associated with DKD progression towards end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and explore whether they could reflect renal dysfunction and psychological distress. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the gut microbial signatures of 29 DKD non-ESRD patients and 19 DKD ESRD patients compared to 20 healthy controls. Differential analysis was performed to detect distinct gut microbial alterations in diversities and taxon abundance of DKD with and without ESRD. Renal dysfunction was estimated by urea, creatinine, and estimated glomerular filtration rate. Psychological distress was assessed using the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale, Self-Rating Depression Scale, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Alpha diversity indexes were reduced in DKD patients, particularly those with ESRD. Beta diversity analysis revealed that the gut microbial compositions of DKD patients were different with healthy individuals whereas similar compositions were observed in DKD patients. Taxon differential analysis showed that when compared with the controls, DKD patients exhibit distinct microbial profiles including reduced abundances of butyrate-produced, anti-inflammatory bacteria Faecalibacterium, Lachnospira, Roseburia Lachnoclostridium, and increased abundances of pro-inflammatory bacteria Collinsella, Streptococcus etc. These distinctive genera presented consistent associations with renal dysfunction, as well as psychological distress, especially in DKD patients. DKD patients, especially those who have progressed to ESRD, exhibit unique characteristics in their gut microbiota that are associated with both renal dysfunction and psychological distress. The gut microbiota may be a significant factor in the deterioration of DKD and its eventual progression to ESRD.

General mental ability testing and adverse impact in the United Kingdom: a meta-analysis with more than two million observations

ABSTRACT We review ethnic group differences on high-stakes General Mental Ability (GMA) tests based on 21st century UK data. Thereafter, we meta-analyse scores on 23 occupational, public sector, educational, military, or general-public selection tests, with a sample size exceeding two million. Relative to White GMA, the grand meta-analytic effect sizes (Cohen’s d) by major ethnic groups were: Mixed d = .14 (k = 24, N = 67,114), Blacks d = .65 (k = 32, N = 112,975), Asians d = .33 (k = 32, N = 311,695), and Other d = .49 (k = 24, N = 42,846). Further, although Chinese residents outscored White British residents (d = −.15, k = 20, N = 18,897), all other Asian ethnic groups scored slightly to substantially lower. For example, South Asians as a whole averaged d = .37; k = 13, N = 67,566. By subgroups, these averages were: Indians (d = .17, k = 10, N = 28,236), Pakistanis (d = .49, k = 9, N = 19,371), and Bangladeshi (d = .55, k = 7, N = 19,772). Implications for practice and theory are discussed.

Supplemental Material for Latent Structure and Measurement Invariance of the Depression Self-Rating Scale for Children Across Sex and Age

Supplemental Material for Latent Structure and Measurement Invariance of the Depression Self-Rating Scale for Children Across Sex and Age

Prevalence and factors associated with fatigue in patients with major depressive disorder or bipolar disorder

AimsTo study the prevalence of fatigue and factors associated with fatigue in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) or bipolar disorder (BD). MethodsTwo hundred fifty-three outpatients with MDD or BD at the initial assessment were used to study the prevalence of fatigue and relationship between fatigue and other clinical correlates. The severity of fatigue was measured with Iowa Fatigue Scale (IFS), and depression and anxiety symptom-severity were measured with the QIDS-16-SR (the 16-item Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology – Self-Report) and Zung-SAS (Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale). Correlation between IFS and QIDS-16-SR total scores, QIDS-16-SR item scores or Zung-SAS total scores, and independent factors associated with fatigue was assessed with simple or multiple linear regression analysis. ResultsOverall, 28.4 % of MDD and 29.8 % of BD patients did not have fatigue, but 41.2 % of MDD and 45.0 % of BD patients had fatigue, and 30.4 % of MDD and 25.2 % of BD patients had severe fatigue. Depression/anxiety severity was significantly correlated with fatigue. However, after controlling current psychiatric comorbidities, demographics, some social factors, and psychotropic use, only QIDS-16-SR scores were still significantly and positively correlated with IFS scores in both MDD and BD. Differential correlations between IFS scores and item scores of QIDS-16-SR in MDD and BD were observed. LimitationCross-sectional. ConclusionsIn this outpatient sample, fatigue was highly prevalent in patients with MDD or BD. The independent association of depressive severity with the severity of fatigue highlights the importance of complete resolution of depressive symptoms in treating MDD and BD.

Comparison of patients with chronic and episodic migraine with healthy individuals by brain volume and cognitive functions

Objectives: Migraine is a complex neurological disease. In addition to headache, individuals with migraine may develop structural changes inside the brain and cognitive impairment. There is increased evidence associated with impairments in brain volume and cognitive functions in patients with migraine. The present study aimed to investigate the impairment in memory function in individuals with migraine using brain magnetic resonance imaging, volume measurement, and neuropsychological tests. Methods: The study included 20 patients with episodic migraine, 20 patients with chronic migraine, and 20 healthy controls. Subcortical volumes of all participants were measured by FreeSurfer, an automatic segmentation method. The Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised Form (WMS-R), Stroop test, Raven’s Standard Progressive Matrices, Verbal Fluency Test, and Lines Orientation Test were applied in all the study participants. Results: Putamen volume decreased as migraine duration increased, and subcortical gray matter, left cerebellar cortex, and bilateral thalamus volumes were lower in the chronic and episodic group compared to the control group, bilateral putamen and right cerebellar cortex volumes were lower in patients with chronic migraine compared to patients in episodic migraine and control groups. Upon neuropsychological examination, delayed memory was affected as the duration of migraine increased, and there was impairment in patients with chronic migraine upon fluency tests and mental control tests. Conclusions: Changes in subcortical volume and cognitive effects in patients with migraine raise questions about whether migraine qualifies as a benign disease. Structural changes and cognitive impairment may contribute to migraine-associated disability, and therefore, these causalities should be investigated by future studies. Silent infarcts, white matter damage, and cortical spreading depression, which occur in migraine cases, may be associated with subcortical volume changes and thus, cognitive effects. In the context, studies with larger samples to achieve a better understanding are needed.

Importance of Blood Glucose Measurement for Predicting the Prognosis of Long COVID: A Retrospective Study in Japan.

Purpose: The present study aimed to clarify the effects of a hyperglycemic condition on the clinical consequences of long COVID. Methods: Among 643 patients who visited the outpatient clinic of our hospital from February 2021 to September 2023, long COVID patients were classified into a hyperglycemic (HG) group with casual blood glucose levels above 140 mg/dL and a normoglycemic (NG) group. The patients' backgrounds, clinical symptoms, health status including the QOL evaluation scale (EQ-5D-5L), self-rating depression scale (SDS), and F-scale questionnaire (FSSG), blood test data, and recovery periods were analyzed. Results: The NG group included 607 patients with long COVID and the HG group included 36 patients with long COVID. Patients in the HG group were older than those in the NG group (55 vs. 41 years; p < 0.001) and included a larger percentage of males (67% vs. 44%; p = 0.009). The HG group had a larger percentage of patients with moderate-to-severe conditions in the acute infection phase (28% vs. 12%; p = 0.008), a higher BMI (25 vs. 22 kg/m2; p < 0.001), higher blood pressure (138/81 vs. 122/72 mmHg; p < 0.001), and a larger percentage of patients with an alcohol drinking habit (53% vs. 34%; p = 0.031). Long COVID symptoms and self-rated scales were not differed between the two groups; however, the laboratory data showed that liver and renal functions and metabolic data were significantly worse in the HG group. Although there was no apparent difference between the two groups in duration from the infection to the first visit, the HG group had a significantly longer period of recovery from long COVID (median period of 421 vs. 294 days; p = 0.019). Conclusion: A hyperglycemic state associated with other lifestyle-related diseases is associated with the prolongation of recovery from long COVID.

Assessment of eating disorder symptoms, compulsive exercise, body dissatisfaction and depression in Swedish national team gymnasts, with a one-year follow-up

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to explore changes in symptoms of eating disorders, compulsive exercise, and depression, between two assessments 12 months apart, among elite gymnasts.MethodFactors related to the development of mental health symptoms in male and female Swedish national team gymnasts were investigated using baseline and 1-year follow-up scores in two subscales of the Eating Disorders Inventory 3; drive for thinness and body dissatisfaction, two subscales of the Compulsive Exercise Test; avoidance and rule-driven behavior and exercise for weight control, and the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale-Self report (MADRS-S). Linear mixed models were used to investigate the influence of drive for thinness, exercise for weight control, avoidance and rule-driven behavior, and MADRS-S on body dissatisfaction.ResultsBody dissatisfaction increased from baseline to the follow-up assessment, while drive for thinness and depression remained stable. Symptoms of eating disorders and depression were generally low in this group of elite gymnasts at both assessments. Drive for thinness, exercise for weight control, and symptoms of depression were associated with body dissatisfaction.DiscussionOur findings indicate that there were no significant changes over time in eating disorders and depression symptoms but significant associations with body dissatisfaction. Furthermore, we found independent effects of drive for thinness, exercise for weight control and symptoms of depression for body dissatisfaction.

Expert consensus on the terminology, diagnostics and management of persisting symptoms after concussion with a focus on mental health, postural stability, electroencephalogram and balance testing: A cross-sectional Delphi-like survey.

Persisting symptoms after concussion (PSaC) are a pathological manifestation of head injuries that present with symptoms after the acute phase of head trauma has subsided. Insufficient research about PSaC has led to gaps in knowledge and incorrect terminology being applied. Furthermore, gaps exist in standardised assessment protocols and understanding of mental health symptoms associated with sports. The study aimed to; 1) Determine expert consensus on appropriate terminology for symptoms lasting >4 weeks, 2) Investigate associations with mental health and postural stability symptoms, 3) Evaluate experts' views on quantitative balance and electroencephalogram (EEG) testing. A Delphi-like survey was designed in REDCap and sent to identified experts in the field of sports-related concussions (SRC). Expert consensus was defined as ≥75% agreement. Expert consensus identified the following mood and motor control symptoms being associated with PSaC: increases in emotional state (80%), irritability (87%), nervousness (87%), sadness (80%), balance impairment (80%), dizziness (87%) and feeling slow (80%). Numbness and tingling were not considered longer-term effects (80%). Additionally, 93% of respondents acknowledged mental health symptoms as potential longer-term effects, with 80% agreeing on inadequate current management. Respondents indicated PSaC are only somewhat adequately managed (73%) or not managed well enough (27%). The use of EEG and quantitative balance testing remains open for debate. The survey response rate was 21%. Improving mental health management for athletes with PSaC and standardising terminology is crucial. Future research is required to establish effective diagnosis and treatment methods. Addressing these issues may result in better care and safer return to play for athletes.

Treatment outcomes in tinnitus patients are associated with brain functional network: Evidence from connectome gradient and gene expression analysis

The neuroimaging mechanisms underlying differences in the outcomes of sound therapy for tinnitus patients remain unclear. We hypothesize that abnormal hierarchical architecture is the neuro-biomarker for treatment outcome explanation. We conducted functional connectome gradient analyses on resting-state functional MRI images that acquired before intervention to investigate differences among the patients with effective treatment (ET, n = 27), ineffective treatment (IT, n = 41), and healthy controls (HC, n = 59). General linear models were used to analyze the associations between intergroup differential regions and clinical characteristics. Partial least squares regression was employed to reveal correlations with gene expression. Compared to HC, both ET and IT groups displayed significant differences in the default mode network. Moreover, the ET group exhibited wider gradient range and greater gradient variance. Also, the gradient scores of the differential regions between the ET and HC groups were significantly correlated with Self-rating Anxiety Scale and Self-rating Depression Scale scores, and exhibited positive correlations with the transcriptional profiles of genes related to depression and anxiety. Our results indicated that the abnormalities of ET group, may be more relevant to psychiatric disorders, bringing a higher possible therapeutic potential due to the plasticity of the nervous system. Connectome gradient dysfunction with genetic evidence may serve as an indicator for identifying diverse treatment outcomes of the sound therapy for tinnitus patients before treatment.

Balance Between a Realm of Possibilities and a Void of Emptiness: A Study on the Effect of Quarter-Life Crisis on Self-Esteem &amp; Academic Performance among College Students

In today’s time college students while entering adulthood experience a plethora of stressors. At the same time, they attempt to become comfortable with new things and adapt to the real world after the protective environment of school. Self-esteem and academic performance are very critical during this period as quarter-life crises tend to have an effect and shape students in different ways. A substantial body of studies shows results where self-esteem and academic performance are correlated to quarter-life crises among college students. The current research aims to study the effect of the quarter-life crisis on self-esteem &amp; academic performance. The participants were informed about the study and the questionnaires were filled out using Google Forms. Each participant was thanked for their cooperation. Standardised Psychological Tests were used to measure the quarter-life crisis, self-esteem, and academic performance among 31 college students ranging from 18-25 years of age. The results found a significant negative relationship between self-esteem and quarter-life crisis. No significant relationship was found between other variables. It is recommended to college students that they spend time doing their favourite activities, spend time with their loved ones and adopt coping mechanisms along with mindfulness and meditation techniques so that they can power through the crisis in front of them. The students need to be able to feel confident and not doubt themselves or let any critical situation negatively affect their self-esteem.

Challenges in Responding to the Columbia Mental Maturity Test by Algerian Children: A Field Study in the City of Ouargla

This study aims to identify the difficulties of responding to the Columbia Mental Maturity Scale (CMMS) among Algerian children, a field study carried in the city of Ouargla. This is through the case study and the exploratory-descriptive approach. The sample involved 100 children who were selected by a simple random method from regular primary schools during the school year 2023/2024. The said study attempts to answer the following questions: -What does the Columbia Mental Maturity Scale measure? -What cases does it apply to?

Effect of continuous nursing on treatment compliance and side effect management of coronary heart disease.

There are relatively few studies on continuing care of coronary heart disease (CHD), and its research value needs to be further clarified. To investigate the effect of continuous nursing on treatment compliance and side effect management in patients with CHD. This is a retrospective study with patients from January 2021 to 2023. The study was divided into two groups with 30 participants in each group. Self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and Self-rating depression scale (SDS) were used to assess patients' anxiety and depression, and medical coping questionnaire was used to assess patients' coping styles. The pelvic floor dysfunction questionnaire (PFDI-20) was used to assess the status of pelvic floor function, including bladder symptoms, intestinal symptoms, and pelvic symptoms. SAS score decreased from 57.33 ± 3.01before treatment to 41.33 ± 3.42 after treatment, SDS score decreased from 50.40 ± 1.45 to 39.47 ± 1.57. The decrease of these two indexes was statistically significant (P < 0.05). PFDI-20 scores decreased from the mean 16.83 ± 1.72 before treatment to 10.47 ± 1.3the mean after treatment, which was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The results of this study indicate that pioneering research in continuous care of CHD has a positive impact on improving patients' treatment compliance, reducing anxiety and depression levels, and improving coping styles and pelvic floor functional status.

Prevalence of anxiety symptoms in infertile men: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundInfertility in men causes problems in various aspects of their lives, including personal, family and social life. One of the most important of these problems is anxiety. Anxiety in infertile men can affect their health, quality of life, and response to treatment, highlighting the significance of anxiety in these men. Thus, this systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the prevalence of anxiety symptoms in infertile men.MethodsTo conduct this review study, two researchers independently searched international databases such as PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of sciences, Scopus, PsyINFO, and the Google scholar search engine in English without considering any time limit until January 2, 2024. Keywords such as "anxiety," "infertility," "prevalence," and "epidemiology" were used, taking into account the specific search method of each database. Using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS), the quality of the articles was evaluated by two researchers independently.ResultsIn the systematic part of the study, 27 studies were included, and given the variety of measurement tools (8 different tools) used to investigate anxiety symptoms in infertile men, 24 studies were analyzed in five subgroups of tools. The pooled prevalence of anxiety symptoms in infertile men was 21.37% (95% CI: 15.73–27.02). The lowest and highest prevalence of anxiety in infertile men were related to the Beck anxiety inventory (BAI) and Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS), accounting for 7.08% (95% CI: 3.27–10.90) and 34.90% (95%CI: 28.90–40.90) values respectively. This prevalence was 19.80% (95%CI: 9.01–30.59) for the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), 30.06% (95%CI: 18.59–41.52) for the Spielberger Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-T), and 18.52% (95%CI: 7.76–29.29) for the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS).ConclusionThe results of this systematic review and meta-analysis indicated that the prevalence of anxiety symptoms in infertile men requires special attention to healthcare planning. The healthcare system of different countries should evaluate the symptoms of anxiety in infertile men and take appropriate measures to reduce them according to the culture of the countries. It is recommended that all infertile couples be assessed for anxiety symptoms using a standardized tool during their initial evaluation.