Production Test Research Articles

A Banana Ripeness Detection Model Based on Improved YOLOv9c Multifactor Complex Scenarios

With the advancement of machine vision technology, deep learning and image recognition have become research hotspots in the non-destructive testing of agricultural products. Moreover, using machine vision technology to identify different ripeness stages of fruits is increasingly gaining widespread attention. During the ripening process, bananas undergo significant appearance and nutrient content changes, often leading to damage and food waste. Furthermore, the transportation and sale of bananas are subject to time-related factors that can cause spoilage, necessitating that staff accurately assess the ripeness of bananas to mitigate unwarranted economic losses for farmers and the market. Considering the complexity and diversity of testing environments, the detection model should account for factors such as strong and weak lighting, image symmetry (since there will be symmetrical banana images from different angles in real scenes to ensure model stability), and other factors, while also eliminating noise interference present in the image itself. To address these challenges, we propose methods to improve banana ripeness detection accuracy under complex environmental conditions. Experimental results demonstrate that the improved ESD-YOLOv9 model achieves high accuracy in these conditions.

Development and application of a cGPS 20K liquid-phase SNP microarray in Jiaji ducks.

In order to provide a low-cost, high efficient, and highly accurate tool for molecular breeding of Jiaji ducks, we constructed a cGPS(Genotyping by Pinpoint Sequencing of captured targets) 20 K liquid-phase microarray using resequencing data from this valuable poultry breed for the first time. The microarray contains 20,327 high-quality snp loci, mainly from the 30 Jiaji duck resequencing samples collected in this study, and some loci were supplemented from the 135 duck resequencing data from KUNMING INSTITUTE OF ZOOLOGY.CAS. This microarray showed excellent performance in two production tests. The microarray was used to genotype a population of 236 Jiaji ducks, and the genotyping data were then used for population structure analysis and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of plumage color phenotypes. According to the population structure analysis, the population of Jiaji ducks could be divided into four subpopulations using genetic distance matrices. Using GWAS analysis, 38 significant SNP loci were identified within a region on chromosome 14 that contained 30 genes. Among them, EDNRB2 and VAMP7 were identified as strong candidate genes for the regulation of plumage color in Jiaji ducks. Two mutations upstream of EDNRB2 were identified as tightly linked to the colorless phenotype. In addition, two KASP markers were designed for the SNP loci associated with EDNRB2 (HIC_SCAFFOLD_14_14984620, HIC_SCAFFOLD_14_15016766). The KASP genotyping results showed strong correlations between different genotypes on the SNP locus HIC_SCAFFOLD_14_15016766 and the plumage phenotype. In conclusion, this independently designed microarray will be useful for large-scale genotyping and can lay the foundation for future screening of mutation loci and functional genes.

Protective effect and mechanism of plant-derived Lactobacillus G11 on septic myocardial injury.

Sepsis is currently one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Myocardial injury is the most common and severe complication of sepsis. Lactic acid bacteria are a type of gram-positive bacteria found in fermented foods. Our research group previously isolated two new strains G8 and G11 from Jiangshui. The probiotic effects of G8 and G11 strains were measured using acid and bile salt resistance tests, bacteriostasis tests, and extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) production tests. In a mouse SIMI model induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), their protective effects were explored using survival rate, body weight, sepsis score, and rectal temperature. Furthermore, RNA-seq and some molecular biology methods were used to investigate G11's protective mechanism against SIMI. Initially, strain G8 and G11 from LAB were successfully isolated and found to possess multiple probiotic functions, such as cholesterol degradation, bacteria inhibition, and production of extracellular polysaccharides (EPS). Treatment with G11 increased the survival rate in CLP-injured mice. Subsequently, G11 treatment improved the rectal temperature, sepsis score, blood routine parameters, and blood biochemical parameters in CLP-injured mice. Additionally, G11 was observed to significantly alleviate cardiac dysfunction, oxidative stress, apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and inflammation in CLP-injured mice. Finally, this study also confirmed that the AMPK/ACC and SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling pathways may play a crucial role in the protective effects of G11. These findings support G11 as a potential cardioprotective probiotic for alleviating SIMI in clinical practice and expanding the use of G11 in sepsis treatment.

AI in Product Testing for Enhanced Quality Assurance

AI in Product Testing for Enhanced Quality Assurance

P-171. Epidemiology of Carbapenem-Resistant Gram-Negative Organisms across sites participating in CDC’s Global Action in Healthcare Network-Antimicrobial Resistance Module — Ethiopia, Greece, and India, October 2022-February 2024

Abstract Background A rising burden of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) worldwide, in particular CRE producing plasmid-encoded carbapenemases (CPOs), has prompted global concern for rapid spread of resistance and difficult to treat infections. Data from low- and middle-income countries characterizing CRE is limited. CDC’s Global Action in Healthcare Network – Antimicrobial Resistance Module aims to prevent, detect, and respond to CP-CRE in healthcare settings. Methods CRE clinical isolates identified by antimicrobial susceptibility testing across select high-risk, inpatient, and outpatient settings in 8 hospitals in Ethiopia, Greece, and India were tested for carbapenemase production with modified carbapenem inactivation method and/or identification of KPC, NDM, VIM, IMP, and OXA-48-like carbapenemases using lateral flow assays (Greece and India) or KPC, NDM, VIM, and OXA-48-like using real-time polymerase chain reaction (Ethiopia). Distribution of carbapenemase detection by country, Enterobacterales (N = 3,497) — Ethiopia, Greece, and India, October 2022-February 2024 Results During October 2022– February 2024, 14,078 Enterobacterales isolates in 3 countries were evaluated for carbapenem resistance; 3,060 (22%) were carbapenem resistant (Table). Carbapenem resistance was common across settings for Klebsiella pneumoniae (42-54%) but was lower and more variable for Escherichia coli (1-27%) and Enterobacter cloacae complex (7-31%). Testing for carbapenemase production and/or mechanism was performed for 3,497 CRE isolates, which identified carbapenemase production or a mechanism in 3,239 (93%) of CRE isolates. Among CRE tested for carbapenemases, the most common carbapenemases identified were KPC in Greece and NDM in India and Ethiopia; multiple carbapenemases were identified in 793 (24%) of carbapenemase producers (Figure). Conclusion In this global cohort, the majority of CRE tested for carbapenemase production were identified as carbapenemase-producing and the dominant carbapenemase detected by species varied by country. Collaboration, coordinated action, and innovative strategies are needed to both reduce spread of these highly resistant organisms in endemic settings and increase preparedness to prevent emergence and spread of novel carbapenem resistance mechanisms in the future. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

The TOXIN knowledge graph: supporting animal-free risk assessment of cosmetics.

The European Union's ban on animal testing for cosmetic products and their ingredients, combined with the lack of validated animal-free methods, poses challenges in evaluating their potential repeated-dose organ toxicity. To address this, innovative strategies like Next-Generation Risk Assessment (NGRA) are being explored, integrating historical animal data with new mechanistic insights from non-animal New Approach Methodologies (NAMs). This paper introduces the TOXIN knowledge graph (TOXIN KG), a tool designed to retrieve toxicological information on cosmetic ingredients, with a focus on liver-related data. TOXIN KG uses graph-structured semantic technology and integrates toxicological data through ontologies, ensuring interoperable representation. The primary data source is safety information on cosmetic ingredients from scientific opinions issued by the Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety between 2009 and 2019. The ToxRTool automates the reliability assessment of toxicity studies, while the Simplified Molecular Input Line Entry System (SMILES) notation standardizes chemical identification, enabling in silico prediction of repeated-dose toxicity via the implementation of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship Toolbox (OECD QSAR Toolbox). The ToXic Process Ontology, enriched with relevant biological repositories, is employed to represent toxicological concepts systematically. Search filters allow the identification of cosmetic compounds potentially linked to liver toxicity. Data visualization is achieved through Ontodia, a JavaScript library. TOXIN KG, filled with information for 88 cosmetic ingredients, allowed us to identify 53 compounds affecting at least one liver toxicity parameter in a 90-day repeated-dose animal study. For one compound, we illustrate how TOXIN KG links this observation to hepatic cholestasis as an adverse outcome. In an ab initio NGRA context, follow-up in vitro studies using human-based NAMs would be necessary to understand the compound's biological activity and the molecular mechanism leading to the adverse effect. In summary, TOXIN KG emerges as a valuable tool for advancing the reusability of cosmetics safety data, providing knowledge in support of NAM-based hazard and risk assessments. Database URL: https://toxin-search.netlify.app/.

Understanding and Tuning Fe‐Doping on Zn–Fe Layered Double Hydroxide Particle and Photocatalytic Properties

Zn‐based layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are promising photocatalytic materials, but their synthesis faces environmental and economic challenges. Oxidative ionothermal synthesis (OIS) offers a green route for zinc oxide synthesis using ionic liquids. To reduce costs, the OIS method uses recovered zinc‐containing mixed metal systems, such as electric arc furnace dust, instead of pure metallic Zn. Understanding the interaction of Zn with impure metals during oxidation is essential. This study employs 1‐Butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride ([BMIM]Cl) as the solvent and Fe‐doped metallic Zn, the most common waste‐stream metal, as the starting material. This study applies quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation to monitor product formation, and X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy to characterize composition and morphology. Results show that FeCl2 doping accelerates the reaction, transforming simonkolleite to Zn–Fe LDH with tunable morphologies. A reaction mechanism for Zn in [BMIM]Cl with FeCl2 is proposed. Photocatalytic hydrogen production tests reveal a favorable hydrogen evolution rate of 20.9 μmol h−1 g−1 with 0.45 M FeCl2 doping, attributed to improved surface structure and crystallinity of the hydrotalcite.

New High-Throughput Method for Aluminum Content Determination in Vaccine Formulations

Objective: This manuscript describes an innovative, non-destructive, high-throughput method for the quantification of aluminum hydroxide in aluminum-adjuvanted vaccines, eliminating the need of reagents and providing real-time results. The method is based on a spectrophotometric principle, and several model proteins were studied and tested with the aim to simulate the behavior of aluminum-adjuvanted antigens. Methods: As a proof of concept, the MenB vaccine was used, and the titration of aluminum hydroxide (AH) with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) was used as an orthogonal reference, as it is one of the current release methods for the content determination of aluminum-hydroxide-adjuvanted vaccine drug products (DPs). The factors influencing the spectrophotometric analysis, such as different plate 96/well containers, variation in the sedimentation of the suspension due to component addition errors during formulation, and batch-to-batch variation were studied to assess the method’s robustness. Five concentration levels (ranging from 2.0 to 4.0 mg/mL AH) with two different batches of aluminum hydroxide were each measured with independent preparations performed by three different operators, for a total of four sessions/operator and 20 formulations/session. An in-depth statistical study was carried out with generated data to assess the precision (in terms of intermediate precision and repeatability), accuracy, linearity, and specificity of the method. Results: The novel spectrophotometric method and the official release one (potentiometric) yielded comparable results, demonstrating the potential of this new method as a release test for AH-adjuvanted products. A simple calibration curve enabled the measurement of samples in a 96-well plate in just a few minutes. Conclusions: We developed a novel method for Aluminum concentration determination in Aluminum-containing pharmaceutical products, like alum-adjuvanted vaccines. This method is fast, completely automatable, and as precise and accurate as already-in-place release methods.

Study on the application of brine mixing method in lithium extraction from Zabuye salt lake, Tibet

With the rapid development of new energy industry, the demand for lithium resources continues to rise. The salinity-gradient solar pond (SGSP) technology is used to extract the lithium carbonate from Zabuye salt lake brine in the Tibet Plateau of China. Years of production practice proved that due to the unsatisfactory quality and insufficient amount of lithium-rich brine used to make the SGSP, the yield and grade of lithium concentrate in the solar pond has been seriously affected. In this paper, it has been investigated that the change rule of brine composition with different brine mixing ratios through the same/cross-year brine mixing laboratory experiments and the cross-year brine mixing production test. The optimal brine mixing ratio of winter concentrated brine and summer brine, the relevant operation parameters and the yield increase effect of lithium concentrate in the solar pond are obtained. The results show that the cross-year brine mixing method can not only significantly improve the yield and grade of lithium carbonate, but also alleviate the pressure of brine production in salt field. It is suggested that the SGSP technology coupled with the cross-year brine mixing method should be given priority in the production of lithium carbonate in Zabuye mining area.

Determination of Compressive Stress Limits for Tightened Plastic Components up to 3 mm in Bolted Joints Applicable in the Automotive Industry

This paper addresses the analysis of compressive stress limit values of plastic components with a thickness of no more than 3 mm used in bolted joints, especially in the automotive industry. The results of the compression tests show that the compressive stress limit values often exceed the tensile stress limit values specified in the material data sheets, which has a significant impact on the way in which reliable bolted joints are designed without the risk of plastic deformation. In addition to compression tests, stress tests involving axial force and torque (combined load typical for bolted joints) were also performed. Th results of both types of tests were compared in the final table, involving a comparison of yield strength under compression and yield strength under a combined load with yield strength and/or stress at break from material data sheets, estimated using tensile stress tests. Various plastic materials were tested, including Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS), Polyamide (PA), Polyoxymethylene (POM), Polypropylen (PP) and the glass fiber-reinforced materials. The tests showed that it is possible to exceed the tensile stress limit in material data sheets by 5 to 10% without plastic deformation and by approximately 50%, in some cases by 280%, when loading by pure compression. Considering the combined load, the compressive stress limit values are within the range of 95 to 224% of tensile stress limits. The results of the study contribute to the optimization of the plastic tightened components design and reduce the need for excessive testing in automotive production.

Key Characteristics and Controlling Factors of the Gas Reservoir in the Fourth Member of the Ediacaran Dengying Formation in the Penglai Gas Field, Sichuan Basin

This study focuses on the PS8 well in the Penglai Gas Field (Sichuan Basin), a newly identified key exploration area, where high-yield gas testing has been achieved from the Ediacaran Fourth Member of the Dengying Formation. Comprehensive analyses of drilling cores, cuttings, thin sections, analytical data, well logging, and production testing data were conducted to investigate the main characteristics of the gas reservoir and the factors controlling the formation model of the reservoir. The results reveal that the reservoir rocks in the Fourth Member of the Dengying Formation are primarily algal-clotted dolomite, algal-laminated dolomite, and arenaceous dolomite. The reservoir porosity is dominated by secondary pores, such as algal-bonded framework pores, intergranular dissolved pores, and intercrystalline dissolved pores, which contribute to the overall low porosity and extremely low permeability. The gas reservoir is classified as a unified structural–lithological reservoir, with the upper sub-member of the Fourth Member serving as a completely gas-bearing unit. This unit is characterized as an ultra-deep, dry gas reservoir with medium sulfur and medium CO2 contents. The development of this gas reservoir follows a “laterally generated and laterally stored, upper generation and lower storage” reservoir formation model. Regional unconformities and fracture systems developed during the Tongwan II Episode tectonic movement provide efficient pathways for hydrocarbon migration and accumulation. The high-quality source rocks in the lower Cambrian Qiongzhusi Formation serve as both the direct cap rock and lateral seal of the gas reservoir, creating an optimal source–reservoir spatial configuration. This study provides valuable insights into the giant gas reservoir of the Dengying Formation, which can aid in optimizing exploration activities in the Sichuan Basin.

Diffusion Characteristics of Dissolved Gases in Oil Under Different Oil Flow Circulations

The prediction of dissolved gas concentrations in oil can provide crucial data for the assessment of power transformer conditions and early fault diagnosis. Current simulations mainly focus on the generation and accumulation of characteristic gases, lacking a global perspective on gas diffusion and dissolution. This study simulates the characteristic gases produced by typical faults at different flow rates. Using ANSYS 2022 R1 simulation software, a gas–liquid two-phase model is established to simulate the flow and diffusion of characteristic gases under fault conditions. Additionally, a fault-simulation gas production test platform was built based on a ±400 kV actual converter transformer. The experimental data show good consistency with the simulation trends. The results indicate that the diffusion of dissolved gases in oil is significantly affected by the oil flow velocity. At higher flow rates, the characteristic gases primarily move within the oil tank along with the oil circulation, leading to a faster rate of gas dissolution in oil and a shorter time to reach equilibrium within the tank. At lower flow rates, the diffusion of characteristic gases depends not only on oil flow circulation but also on self-diffusion driven by concentration gradients, resulting in a nonlinear change in gas concentration across various monitoring points.

Using artificial intelligence tools for automating the assessment of future computer science teachers' work

This paper examines the problem of automated testing of modified programming tasks for future computer science teachers. It is recommended that GitHub Copilot be used to generate tests based on the code. This approach makes it possible to solve the following tasks: reducing the time and effort required for manual checking of programming tasks completed by students; promoting better assimilation of the material of the relevant disciplines by students; promoting the development and improvement of students' skills in algorithmisation and programming; compliance by students with academic integrity; effective use of GitHub Copilot to generate baseline tests to test modified programming assignments completed by students; ensuring the flexibility and scalability of the approach to the development of various training courses in programming; development of students' software product testing skills. In the process of research, we found the following disadvantages of using the GitHub Copilot system for generating basic tests: GitHub Copilot does not always generate perfect code or tests; for complex tasks, GitHub Copilot may require additional correction of the generated code. Therefore, it is important to check and refine the generated tests carefully, if necessary. Therefore, at the moment, we recommend using GitHub Copilot as a template generator for writing tests. The proposed approach is a promising solution for facilitating the verification of modified programming tasks and increasing the effectiveness of the education process of future informatics teachers. The conducted research opens up new prospects for effective improvement of the verification of modified tasks performed by students and the generation of tests for verification. In particular, the integration of the proposed system based on GitHub Copilot with learning management systems (LMS) and automated task verification systems. Another area of research could be exploring the possibilities of using other tools for generating tests instead of GitHub Copilot or combining them in order to obtain better results.

Research on integrated injection-production optimization technology of electric submersible pump for Bohai oilfield heavy oil thermal recovery

The geological reserves of ordinary heavy oil suitable for thermal injection development in Bohai Oilfield are about 450 million tons. The traditional thermal recovery process uses a two trip injection-production string development method, which frequently starts and stops operations, resulting in additional cold damage and high costs. The efficiency of the jet pump injection-production integrated string system is also low, and production control is difficult. Therefore, based on the results of an integrated field test of electric submersible pump injection and production, this article optimizes its key technologies, removes high-temperature downhole on-off valves, re develops high-temperature deep well exhaust valves, and optimizes the structure of the packer as the installation platform for deep well exhaust valves. Indoor and field tests were conducted, and the results showed that the improved integrated technology of electric submersible pump injection and production met the requirements of 250 ℃ - room temperature and 21 MPa dynamic sealing. It can achieve multiple rounds of non repair injection and production conversion under steam throughput development mode, while reducing platform space requirements and injection heat loss, improving system efficiency and economy. The integrated optimization technology of electric submersible pump injection and production has good stability and applicability, and can be further promoted and applied.

ОБОСНОВАНИЕ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ НОВОЙ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА ШПИНТОНОВ

This study objective is to analyze the effectiveness of using the technology of tail suspension of cars as a way to increase the reliability and comfort of movement in railway transport. To achieve this goal, the following task was defined: identification and analysis of internal defects that are the causes of product rejection, and the subsequent development of recommendations for their elimination. The main research method is the analysis of current operating procedure of manufacturing parts, the study of materials and methods of their processing used to strengthen tails. The priority is to identify the key factors contributing to increasing the durability of the tail assembly through the use of reinforcing technology. Both theoretical analysis of existing scientific papers on this topic and practical experiments on stress tests are used as research methods. The novelty of the work is in offering a more environmentally friendly product processing technology, as well as confirming the possibility of replacing the tail material with a more cost-effective one. It is worth noting that the issue of ensuring the quality of truck tails of subway cars, the ecological purity of the heat treatment process, and cost reduction is being solved through a new heat treatment technology – quenching with a fast-moving stream of water and replacing 40X alloy steel with 35 carbon steel without reducing operational properties. As a result, the proposed measures contribute to improving the manufacturing quality of tail assemblies and reducing the percentage of their rejection at the production testing stage.

Development Of Explosion Box Media Recognizing Culinary Heritage

The objectives of this research: 1) produce a product in the form of explosion box media; 2) analyze the suitability of the explosion box media; 3) analyze the effectiveness of the explosion box media. This Development Research or RD uses Sugiyono's development model, the stages it goes through include: 1. potential and problems; 2. data collection; 3. product design; 4.design validation; 5. design revision; 6. product testing, and 7. product revision. The research subjects were media experts and material experts who acted as validators, as well as language experts, with one expert each and 30 respondents aged between 7 and 13 years who lived in Kampoeng Heritage Kajoetangan Malang. Data collection uses questionnaires and assessment sheets from material experts, language experts and media experts to evaluate how effective the explosion box media is. Produce: 1) explosion box media getting to know the Kampoeng Heritage Culinary of Kajoetangan Malang; 2) the explosion box media recognizes that the Kampoeng Heritage Kajoetangan Malang Culinary is suitable for use, this is in accordance with the results of validation by material experts who gave a score of 87.5%, media experts 88.6%, and language experts 84.3%; 3.) shows the effectiveness of the explosion box media to get to know the culinary delights of Kampoeng Heritage Kajoetangan Malang which was tested using a validity test and a reliability test which showed a result of 0.755 which means reliable.

New venture risk management: Theoretical framework and research perspectives

ABSTRACT Managing risk is crucial for start-ups, which often struggle due to their small size, newness, and fast-paced growth. This study highlights strategies to address these issues, focusing on practical solutions. Building early financial reserves, like emergency funds or access to credit lines, can reduce the impact of unexpected setbacks. Start-ups should implement clear risk management protocols, including market research, to validate product–market fit before launching. Rigorous product testing ensures customer needs are met and regulatory compliance is achieved, minimizing costly mistakes. Flexible organizational structures, such as agile teams and adaptable processes, enable start-ups to respond quickly to market changes and growth demands. Long-term planning, such as scenario planning or creating contingency strategies, is essential to sustain growth. This research offers actionable guidance for founders, emphasizing lean, targeted risk management to optimize resources. Policy makers can use these insights to support start-ups through programs that reduce barriers, provide mentorship, and offer financial safety nets, boosting overall success rates and resilience in dynamic market conditions.

Application of QuEChERS for analysis of contaminants in dairy products: a review.

The safety of dairy products is intrinsically linked to consumer health, and the exceedance of risk indicators, such as pesticide and veterinary drug residues, constitutes one of the primary issues affecting their quality and safety. To assess the safety of dairy products, it is crucial to develop accurate and reliable analytical methods for their detection. Food safety testing involving important indicators such as pesticide residues, veterinary drug residues, mycotoxins and unapproved additives has become a pivotal requirement in the industry field. The QuEChERS (Quick、Easy、Cheap、Effective、Rugged、Safe) method is widely acknowledged as a food safety analysis method currently. This method can effectively extract a wide range of compound classes from diverse matrices in food safety testing, thereby enhancing the accuracy of detection. Additionally, when combined with chromatographic-mass spectrometry techniques, it can simultaneously analyze hundreds of target analytes, rendering it widely applicable in the quality and safety testing of dairy products. Although QuEChERS has rapidly developed in the field of dairy product quality and safety analysis due to its efficiency and speed advantages, certain shortcomings remain, presenting considerable room for improvement. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the utilization and research advancements of the QuEChERS technique in dairy products, with the aim of providing more precise, expeditious, and reliable methods for the safety assessment of dairy products.

An Ultra-Wide Range D-Shaped Fiber SPR Sensor with a Nanostructure of Gold-MoS2 and Sodium for the Simultaneous Measurement of Refractive Index and Temperature.

Refractive index (RI) and temperature (T) are both critical environmental parameters for environmental monitoring, food production, and medical testing. The paper develops a D-shaped photonic crystal fiber (PCF) sensor to measure RI and T simultaneously. Its cross-sectional structure encompasses a hexagonal-hole lattice, with one hole selectively filled with toluene for temperature sensing. By coating the D-shaped surface of the PCF with a metal film and a MoS2 film, the refractive index-detection channel is formed. Numerical results demonstrate that RI and T can be reflected in the same spectrum, without any interference caused by the two parameters with each other. At an environmental RI of 1.26-1.38, its maximum RI sensitivity is up to 5400 nm/RIU. At a temperature of 20-80 °C, its temperature sensitivity reaches -1.2 nm/°C. This design allows for a broad operational spectrum and an extensive measurement range, which makes it particularly suitable for applications requiring low-RI detection. Moreover, the resonance strength of the sensor is significantly enhanced by introducing a two-dimensional material MoS2 on the D-surface. Specifically, it reaches 195,149 dB/m when RI = 1.34 at 30 °C. This is much higher than that of most previous studies, and the requirements for inspection equipment can be lowered in this case. These results are essential for progress in simultaneously detecting RI and T.

Compact mmWave measurement system for array antennas in a production environment

Abstract Millimeter wave antenna arrays are essential components of modern communication and radar systems. To produce these devices in large quantities, manufacturers require fast and reliable measurement equipment. The measurement equipment needs to ensure the quality, interoperability, and adherence to regulatory norms of the produced devices. In this work, we present an active probe array structure (PAS), which enables fast, compact, and reliable over-the-air (OTA) measurements of radiation characteristics. No relative movement between the antenna under test (AUT) and the active PAS is required, making the system very suitable for cost-effective large-scale characterization and commercial production test scenarios. We demonstrate and discuss how a near-field (NF) OTA measurement performed by this active PAS system can be used to reconstruct the far-field (FF) antenna radiation behavior of AUTs using an NF to FF correlation approach.