Practical Test Research Articles

ONLINE PRACTICE TEST BANK SOLUTION: A WEB-BASED REVIEW PLATFORM FOR LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SCIENCE PRACTITIONERS

Test construction and test administration in most institutions still adopt the traditional pen-and-paper method of examination, which is very tedious (Kotwal et al., 2016). Its lengthy process can limit the time instructors in devoting to their proactive instruction and assessment. The general purpose of the study is to develop an Online Practice Test bank for Library and Information Science Practitioners. To actualize the Online Practice Test bank, the researcher followed the three phases of the modified rapid application model: Planning or Analyze Phase, Design and Development or Prototyping Phase, and Testing. The result of the study revealed that the developed system was able to execute its different operations. Specifically, by providing an avenue to the contributors/review masters and the reviewees to communicate and interact regarding the different reviewers provided. The reviewees can also track their progress through the learning analytics feature of the system. The contributors/review masters can monitor if the review materials they have provided has efficient test items by accessing the test item analysis. The system also has undergone functionality testing through conducting test cases, which have also gained positive remarks. Based on the results of the developed Online Practice Test bank, it is concluded that the system attained its three objectives in having integrated features that would be a great help, especially to the future licensed professional librarians as they will have a platform where they do their review and assess their knowledge on the six core subjects of library science. It is therefore recommended that mobile or android-based user modules must be developed for it to be more accessible to the users. And also an automated intervention or scaffolding for coping with the results from the performance of the review. And it must have an option or platform for contributors outside the institution who want to share their review materials relevant to the Library and Information Science profession.

ЩОДО ОДНОГО ПІДХОДУ ДО ВИРІШЕННЯ ПИТАННЯ АВТОМАТИЗОВАНОГО БУДУВАННЯ СХЕМИ ПОСИЛАНЬ РЕЛЯЦІЙНИХ БАЗ ДАНИХ

Introduction. The current trend of continuous integration of various areas of scientific and practical human activity contributes to the constant increase in the complexity of problems, the successful solution of which becomes possible only through the use of large volumes of information, as a rule, geographically distributed across multiple database files. In this case, the need to know the locations and features of the interaction of its components becomes of fundamental importance when organizing the most convenient and efficient ways to access it. In some cases, to meet such needs, you can use the services of existing products (Microsoft Access, Microsoft SQL Server, MySQL, FileMaker Pro, Oracle Database, dBASE, etc.). Sometimes, using a specialized SQL language or its dialects, it is more convenient to create a “handmade” one that will satisfy the stated requirements. If the user desires or needs to know the location of the information used in the work, understand the logic of the mechanism for obtaining it, and evaluate the effectiveness of the ways of its delivery to constantly monitor its current and future nomenclature and quantity, its developments can help, which can provide more detailed information, than known means. As experience shows, obtaining an integral and effective solution to this set of closely interrelated issues becomes possible only with the availability of a purely specialized software tool for the automated construction of link diagrams, which is a multifunctional, operational, easy-to-learn, and easy-to-use user environment. Endowed with the ability at any time and with minimal user participation to visualize on the screen the current structure of the created database with the required degree of clarity, detail, and ease of perception, such an environment should become a means of operational analysis and assessment of ways of possible modification of the database itself in the direction of creating a more effective one in practical terms, regarding the variant of its structure. Purpose. Research and practical testing of the existing capabilities of approaches, methods, algorithms, and software modules that were developed during the creation of a universal information software technology for working with undirected graphs of the “mixed forest” type. To evaluate the efficiency and feasibility of using these approaches to improve a set of integrated software tools for the automated construction of relational database link diagrams with minimal user participation in this process. Methods. Database systems, apparatus of graph-tree theory. Result. A new approach is proposed, and the result of its software implementation is presented in the form of a “pilot” version of a set of software tools for the automated construction of relational database link schemes. The basis of the approach is techniques, methods, algorithms, etc. which were created and implemented programmatically in a new, universal information software technology for working with (temporarily) undirected graphs of the “sour cream forest” type. , Software package (SP) makes “formal” the user’s participation in the process of building link diagrams. By greatly reducing the time required for this and providing more than 90% savings in the technical resources of the computer used, SP makes it possible to take into account data tables, the total number of fields of which is limited only by the latter’s capabilities. A positive conclusion about the suitability of such an approach will become an incentive for its further improvement in the form of specialized information software technology as an effective means of solving the problems of constructing relational database link schemes.

Comparison of the Efficacy and Safety of Bilastine 20mg versus Fexofenadine 180mg for Treatment of Perennial Allergic Rhinitis: Randomized Controlled Study.

Antihistamines has always remained the mainstay drug treatment for Allergic Rhinitis (AR). Bilastine is a novel, non-sedative antihistamine with a super-selective H1 receptor antagonist property. Both bilastine and fexofenadine are second generation antihistamine drugs commonly used to manage AR and Chronic Urticaria (CU). Autologous Skin Serum Test (ASST) is a practical test for histamine release in CU. These tests have been studied in AR patients with limited data studies. 114 patients diagnosed with perennial AR were recruited and divided into two groups of 57 each. One group was started Bilastine 20mg once a day and other group, fexofenadine 180mg once a day. Total Nasal Symptom Score (TNSS) was calculated at presentation and two weeks of antihistamine therapy. ASST was hypothesized to be the test for AR and performed at the time of presentation and at two weeks follow-up. Intergroup and Intragroup assessment of TNSS, ASST and its variables were done using unpaired and paired t test respectively. Patients showed reduction in symptoms of AR with both antihistamines. A significant improvement of sneezing and rhinorrhoea was seen in Fexofenadine group as compared to Bilastine group. TNSS showed statistically significant improvement in both the groups. ASST had statistically significant reduction in both the groups. Both Bilastine and fexofenadine were found to be effective in reduction of symptoms of allergic rhinitis. Bilastine was found to be more effective in overall as well as sneezing and rhinorrhoea noted two weeks after therapy. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12070-024-04770-0.

Development of Relation and Function e-Modules Based on Contextual Learning Integrated with Islamic Values

This research aims to develop an e-module about relations and functions based on contextual learning that is integrated with Islamic values ​​that are valid, practical, and interesting. The research carried out is development research (R&D) using the ADDIE model, which goes through 5 stages, namely analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The research subjects were class VIII students at MTs Arafah Bitung, North Sulawesi. The data obtained was analyzed descriptively, and percentage data was used to represent the results. The research results show that the e-module developed on relation and function material is valid, practical, and interesting. The validity test obtained an average feasibility percentage of 86.8%. The practicality test obtained an average feasibility percentage of 90.1%. Meanwhile, the attractiveness test obtained an average feasibility percentage of 87.7%. The relations and function e-module specifications developed include understanding the concepts of relations and functions and presenting relations and functions based on integrated contextual learning of Islamic values. This proves that the e-module is suitable for use as teaching material and a means of independent education in the learning process.

Drone E-Job Sheet Development: Geospatial Engineering Remote Sensing Subject

This research aims to produce an E-Job Sheet Drone Product for the Class XI Geospatial Engineering Remote Sensing Subject by carrying out feasibility tests, practicality tests, and product effectiveness tests. The research and development methodology uses the 4D development model (four-D models), namely definition, design, development, and dissemination, so that the development design is developed. This research was carried out at SMK Negeri 1 Percut Sei Tuan in class XI Geomatics Engineering in the Remote Sensing (Inderaja) subject. The research results show: (1) E-Jobsheet Drone, suitable for use in remote sensing learning for class XI at SMK Negeri 1 Percut Sei Tuan; (2) Drone E-Jobsheets have proven effective in improving student learning outcomes for class XI at SMK Negeri 1 Percut Sei Tuan compared to conventional learning methods. The application of learning media in the form of E-Jobsheet Drones requires students who are ready to learn independently so that they can achieve optimal learning outcomes by utilizing this media effectively

Development of Mini Virtual Aquatic Ecosystem Learning Media Assisted by Professional 3D Pageflip Software

This development aims to produce a mini virtual learning media product for aquatic ecosystems assisted by professional 3D pageflip software. The development research model used is the Four-D (4D) model, which consists of 4 stages including: (1) define stage, (2) design stage, (3) develop stage, practicality testing is carried out. , and the dissemination stage was not carried out due to time constraints. The trial subjects in this research involved 36 students of SMAN 9 Mataram class X1, and involved teachers as user practitioners and observers to assess the implementation of learning. The data collection techniques used consisted of learning implementation questionnaire sheets, teacher response questionnaire sheets and student responses. The data analysis used is quantitative and qualitative. Based on the results of the practicality test, it can be concluded that the virtual aquatic ecosystem mini media is very practical to use. The teacher's response showed a percentage of 89.32 in the very practical category, and the student response showed a percentage of 86.04 in the very practical category. Meanwhile, learning implementation is 90%, and non-implementation is 10%.

PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN ULAR TANGGA SMART UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA SEKOLAH DASAR KELAS I

This research was conducted to develop a smart snakes and ladders learning media aimed at improving the learning outcomes of first-grade students. The study was designed to assess the validity, practicality, and effectiveness of using the snakes and ladders media in teaching. The research method applied is research and development using the ADDIE model, which consists of five steps: analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The analysis techniques used are (1) validity testing, (2) practicality testing, and (3) effectiveness testing. Based on the research, the results are as follows: (1) the scores from content and media experts were 88%, (2) limited trial responses showed 86% from teachers and 89% from students, (3) a limited scale evaluation yielded 85% with an effective category, and a broader scale evaluation resulted in 86%. These results demonstrate that the developed smart snakes and ladders learning media can positively influence the learning outcomes of students at SDN 1 Ngadi.

PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA ROLLING BALL GAME UNTUK MEMAHAMI MATERI PADA MATA PELAJARAN IPAS KELAS IV SEKOLAH DASAR

This study aims to produce a valid and practical rolling ball game media on the subject of Science for Grade IV Elementary School. The type of research used is Research & Development which apllied the ADDIE stage model with five stages, namely analysis, design, development, implementation, evaluation. The subjects of this study were grade IV students of Elementary School 21 Palembang. The validity test was obtained through a validation sheet by two (2) lecturers and one (1) teacher getting an average score of 81.4% with the category "very valid". The practicality test was obtained through a student response questionnaire conducted in small groups with an average score of 93.75% with the category "very practical" and a field trial conducted by 20 grade IV students getting an average score of 94.2% with the category "very practical". It can be concluded that the rolling ball game media on plant material, the source of life on earth is valid and practical to be used for the teaching and learning process in class for grade IV students of SD Negeri 21 Palembang.

Diagnostic Performance of Host and Viral DNA Methylation Analysis in the Identification of Anal Intraepithelial Neoplasia and Cancer: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Introduction: DNA methylation-based biomarkers have been investigated as useful tools in the carcinogenesis process, including the triage of HPV-associated cancers. In this context, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis focused on evaluating the changes in the level of DNA methylation in cases of pre-cancerous (i.e., anal intraepithelial neoplasia, AIN-1, -2., -3) and cancerous (i.e., squamous cell carcinoma, SCC) anal lesions. Methods: A research in the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases was carried out, following the PRISMA 2020 protocol, using the following keywords: “anal cancer”, “anal intraepithelial neoplasia”, “methylation”, and “epigenetic”. All observational studies that reported the level of DNA methylation by grade of anal lesions and for different target genes were included. The QUADAS-2 tool was used to assess the studies’ quality, whereas pooled prevalence, sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) were employed to verify the accuracy of the test in the detection of high-grade lesions. Results: Eight studies met the inclusion criteria, involving a total of 1555 clinical samples. The prevalence of methylation-positive samples by histological grading was 27%, 45%, 54%, and 98% for AIN1, AIN2, AIN3, and SCC, respectively. Similar results were observed for the DOR, with higher ORs in more severe lesions. The pooled AUC (95%CI) for the diagnosis of ≥AIN2 was 0.68 (0.63–0.73). Conclusions: The present review and meta-analysis support the introduction of DNA methylation-based biomarkers in the triage of subjects with low-grade anal lesions and in the monitoring of treatment outcomes. Standardized protocols and a prospective study design are needed to implement methylation tests in clinical practice.

Research on Test Method of Active Medical Device Preset Service Life Evaluation

When applying for registration of an active medical device, it is necessary to submit research and verification data regarding the device's service life. This study primarily proposes how to verify and evaluate the preset service life of active medical devices through reliability testing. Initially, the definition of the product's service life is introduced. Subsequently, the determination of the test sample size, the type and magnitude of the test stress, the conventional test duration, the accelerated test duration, and the evaluation of the service life of the active medical device based on the test results are elucidated. Finally, an example of evaluating the service life of a non-invasive ventilator is provided for further illustration. This study offers a comprehensive closed-loop process for verifying and evaluating the preset service life of active medical devices using the test method, providing a scientific, reasonable, practical, and exhaustive test evaluation approach for enterprises and regulatory agencies. This has broad significance for universal dissemination and aids enterprises and testing institutions in conducting pertinent research and verification tasks.

Analytic Rubrics for the Practical Assessment of Students’ Performances in Engineering Survey Course

The use of analytic rubrics as an assessment tool has been an integral component of education. In Surveying courses, it is essential to evaluate the psychomotor skills under simulated conditions of actual practise. The main objective of this study is to determine the comparative and efficacy of practical assessment conducted at the diploma and degree levels in the Civil Engineering programme. In order to achieve the objective, implementing rubrics in the continuous assessment of the Surveying courses to facilitate a profound comprehension of physics, mathematics, and engineering principles needs to be executed. Previously, a practical assessment has been conducted in a traditional method which gauges the student performance according to the time records during certain practical tasks given resulting in inadequate assessment tools that failed to capture the psychomotor component of practical assessments effectively. As for methodology, a comparative analysis was conducted to examine the consistency and usefulness of analytic rubrics in assessing the course and program outcomes of Surveying courses at both diploma and degree levels. The analysis aimed to determine the impact of these rubrics on student performance. This comparison should be conducted in order to prevent redundant actions, as it pertains to diploma level students who will be integrated into the degree program. This assessment reveals that most students met all performance criteria at an acceptable level. This indicates that the analytical rubric used for the Practical Test in Surveying courses is adequate and effective as a grading instrument. As for the results, the comprehensive analysis indicates that a significant majority, ranging from 75% to 81%, exhibited commendable performance in achieving the criteria for various Programme Outcomes (PO), particularly in PO4, PO5, PO9, and PO10.

К вопросу о теоретических основах государственного регулирования экономики

The article considers some theoretical aspects of the fundamentals of the development of approaches to the implementation of state regulation within the framework of various economic directions and concepts. The main features inherent in various approaches to the implementation of state regulation are highlighted. The author's vision of the economic and theoretical component of the term "State regulation" has been formed. Using the block model, the mechanism of interaction of the components of state regulation of the economy is presented. An economic and practical description of the functioning of the elements of such a mechanism and the consequences of its impact on the economy of the country and the market has been carried out. Based on the conducted research, a promising industry has been identified for practical testing of the research results.

Innovative Approaches to Assessing the Competitiveness of Business Structures Using the Method of Analysis of Hierarchies in Multi-Criteria Ranking

The primary objective of this paper is the practical testing of a multi-criteria rating methodology for assessing the competitiveness of business structures. This aims to evaluate critical functional areas of their operations and justify specific managerial decisions to ensure sustainable competitiveness. Maintaining the competitiveness of business structures becomes a primary task in the context of high uncertainty and competition, as well as the presence of crises and politico-economic problems. To achieve the set objective, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), developed by T. Saaty, was utilized. This practical method allows for multi-criteria comparisons using expert evaluations and calculations of eigenvectors and values, providing systematization and quantitative assessment of criteria and alternatives' priorities. AHP includes procedures for synthesizing multiple judgments and obtaining priorities, allowing for consideration of the 'human factor' in decision-making preparation. The study results demonstrate that the multi-criteria approach to rating the competitiveness of business structures effectively accounts for all areas of their activities and forms an adequate comprehensive measure of competitiveness. Within the study's framework, three business structures with different performance trends were analyzed. The comparative importance of criteria and sub-criteria for competitiveness assessment was determined using the Analytic Hierarchy Process, considering the specifics of the business structures and their business activities. The proposed methodology for multi-criteria rating of business structures' competitiveness allows for a comprehensive assessment of their activities and justification of specific managerial decisions to ensure sustainable competitiveness. The use of the Analytic Hierarchy Process helps to consider the influence of various factors and conditions, contributing to a more objective assessment and strategic decision-making. The application of the proposed methodology is universal and can be effectively used in various sectors of business structures' activities, showcasing its adaptability.

Research on Hybrid Approach for Maximum Power Point Tracking of Photovoltaic Systems under Various Operating Conditions

Based on the characteristics of the whale optimization algorithm (WOA) and perturbation observation (P&O) method, this paper proposes a novel hybrid approach called the improved chaotic whale optimization combined with perturb and observe (ICWOA-P&O) method for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control to solve the challenge of low efficiency in photovoltaic (PV) power generation under local shadows. First, the ICWOA is used for a global search to quickly locate the position of the maximum power point (MPP). Then, the P&O method is used for a fine-grained local search to quickly track the position of the global maximum power point (GMPP) with low oscillation. To ensure accuracy, the tracking performance of the ICWOA-P&O method is comprehensively compared with the WOA-P&O, WOA, and PSO models under four conditions: uniform irradiance, static local shading, dynamic shading, and sudden changes in irradiance and temperature. The simulation results verify that under the above four conditions, the ICWOA-P&O method can track the MPP continuously and stably and greatly improves the convergence time and accuracy. Compared with the other three methods, the ICWOA-P&O method can effectively obtain the fastest tracking speed (less than 0.1 s), the highest tracking accuracy (more than 99.97%), the smallest relative error (less than 0.03%), and the smallest oscillation fluctuation. Finally, this study integrated the ICWOA-P&O algorithm into the designed MPPT controller hardware and established a practical PV experimental platform based on the ICWOA-P&O control algorithm for practical tests.

Beyond the Chalkboard: Digital Innovations in Islamic Learning through Interactive PowerPoint

In the Gen Z era, innovative and creative methods are essential for effective Islamic education. During that period, students are granted internet connectivity and portable digital devices, which facilitate the acquisition of knowledge about Islam. This study developed a novel interactive learning medium using PowerPoint Office 2010, focusing on Aqidah Akhlak’s curriculum implementation. Employing the ADDIE model as the research and development (R&D) strategy, the study involved validation by experts and practical assessments by teachers and students. The selected research instruments comprised expert validation sheets and media practicality assessments. The impact was computed with descriptive statistics. The results indicated high validity, with scores of 85% from material experts, 82.4% from media experts, and 87% from design experts. The practicality tests revealed 98% and 89.17% approval ratings from teachers and students, respectively. The effectiveness of the medium was demonstrated by a significant improvement in student performance, with pre-test and post-test scores of 69.70 and 85.29, respectively. These findings affirmed the impact of the developed interactive media on enhancing student learning outcomes in Islamic education.

Development of Islamic Religious Education Comic Media: A Script Cooperative Learning Model

This research aims to develop learning media in the form of Islamic Religious Education comics with the material I Believe in the Prophets and Apostles, which is used as a very practical learning medium for grade 4 students of MIS Muhajirin Medan Polonia. Research and development methods use the ADDIE model. This development stage includes analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The development process was carried out with input from material experts, media experts, and learning design experts, practicality testing by students, and effectiveness testing. The results of the research show that: (1) learning media in the form of Islamic Religious Education comics with the Cooperative Script model obtained a material expert score of 4.51, media expert 4.54 (very high), and learning design expert 4.77 (very high). Field trials of learning media in the form of comics obtained an average score of 4.50 (very high). Guidance and information aspect 4.60 (very high), media material aspect 4.43 (very high), evaluation aspect 4.40 (very high), media and facility design aspect 4.48 (very high), and pedagogical effect aspect 4.60 (very high). The values obtained indicate that the product developed is very feasible. (2) Test the effectiveness of media in the form of Islamic Religious Education comics with the cooperative script learning model using the N-Gain Score formula. The research results showed a figure of 0.58 (medium effectiveness). The research conclusion is that the Islamic Religious Education comic media, the cooperative script learning model, is suitable for use and effective in improving learning outcomes.

Improving antibiotic prescribing – Recommendations for funding and pricing policies to enhance use of point-of-care tests

IntroductionDiagnostics can contribute to the improved quality of antibiotic prescribing. However, there is potential to enhance the use of point-of-care tests (POCTs) in general practice. This paper presents fit-for-purpose policy recommendations related to funding and pricing for POCTs applied for community-acquired acute respiratory tract infections (CA-ARTIs). MethodsThe development of the recommendations was informed by an analysis of the current status of funding and pricing policy frameworks for CA-ARTI POCTs in European countries, and an identification of barriers and facilitators for their uptake. Draft recommendations were developed and subsequently revised based on written and verbal feedback from meetings with experts. ResultsThe proposal includes four recommendations for policy interventions related to funding and three recommendations regarding pricing policies. Two of the funding policy-related recommendations concern physicians’ remuneration, and two relate to product-specific reimbursement (public coverage) of the CA-ARTI POCTs. The pricing-related recommendations include a proposal to explore the introduction of price regulation, to pilot subscription-fee procurement models and to enhance more strategic approaches in public procurement of CA-ARTI POCTs. ConclusionsOptimised pricing and funding policies could make a difference in enhancing uptake of CA-ARTI POCTs. It is crucial for the successful implementation of policies to consider country settings. Additionally, supportive policy action is recommended, including the systematic use of health technology assessment, stakeholder communication, and monitoring and evaluation.

Limitations and perspectives of the novel salivary test for endometriosis: an open web-based survey study of German gynecologic healthcare providers.

The description of a salivary miRNA signature for endometriosis has led to the development of a non-invasive diagnostic test. Current healthcare provider practices regarding the test remain uncaptured. The application of this test in practice was examined in a web-based survey, with the aim to provide their opinions on it. We conducted an open web-based survey study between November 2023 and January 2024. Members of the German society of gynecologic endoscopy (Arbeitsgemeinschaft gynäkologische Endoskopie, AGE), society of endometriosis (Arbeitsgemeinschaft Endometriose, AGEM), and the endometriosis research foundation (Stiftung Endometriose Forschung, SEF) were contacted per e-mail twice. Participants' data were anonymized. Differences in responses based on self-reported expertise in the field (basic knowledge, specialized knowledge, expert) were assessed using the χ2-test or Fisher's exact test. Statistical significance was set as p < 0.05. In total 141 of 190 respondents completely responded to the survey (> 75% of the questions of the survey). Twenty-one physicians reported having experience with the test, while most participants had at least specialized knowledge on the field (112/141). In terms of specific questions, more than 90% found the costs high; almost 85% did not believe that the test replaces standard diagnostic tools (histology, clinical examination, and sonography). Eighty-six providers supported the use of the test in adolescents. Gynecologists with basic knowledge had a more positive attitude compared with more experienced ones in terms of usefulness (Fisher's exact test, p < 0.001). Significant differences were demonstrated between expertise groups regarding (not only) applicability in adolescents (Fisher's exact test, p = 0.004), and using the test for screening purposes (χ2-test, p = 0.002). Despite the promising benefits of a salivary test for endometriosis, German healthcare providers would not change current practices. Nevertheless, less experienced colleagues were more positive towards the test.

Improving student outcomes using automated feedback in a first-year economics class

The assessment literature advocates utilising formative assessment strategies to support and enhance student learning. This study uses online practice tests with inbuilt feedback, that students could repeatedly use, as a formative feedback strategy in a first-year introductory microeconomics module. The key question explored is whether repeated engagement with online practice tests had a statistically significant impact on students’ subsequent performance on a summative assessment. Quantitative engagement and performance data (N = 223) were collected from a cohort of first-year students. An analysis of this data reveals that engaging with the online practice test multiple times has a statistically significant impact on final performance. Controlling for the mid-term grade, on average, each cycle of ‘seeking and acting’ increases grades in the final exam by 1.3 % (p = 0.003). Hence, the data suggests that incorporating multiple opportunities to take an online practice test, which includes feedback, is an important feature of the strategy. A smaller sample of qualitative survey data (N = 131) reveals that these economics students hold traditional views of feedback with little awareness of their own role in seeking and acting on feedback. We argue that formative practice tests have the potential to support the development of student feedback literacy.

Cardiopulmonary exercise test in medical and biological practice (literature review)

Most tests assess physiology at rest, whereas many symptoms occur with physical exertion, and physical activity is an integral part of healthy functioning and quality of life of a person. Today, cardiopulmonary exercise testing is considered the standard for identifying exercise limitations and differentiating their causes.Cardiopulmonary exercise testing is widely used in both basic and the latest research from cardiology and pulmonology to neurology and hematology and has great prognostic value. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing is considered the gold standard for non-invasive assessment of the cardiopulmonary system and physical performance. This study has become even more relevant and in demand due to the COVID-19 outbreak; now it plays an important role in the clinical assessment of recovering patients who have had COVID-19.Numerous indicators recorded at each stage of the study, taken together, allow us to obtain a complete picture of the work of the cardiovascular, respiratory and muscular systems, as well as to study the characteristics of the metabolic response to stress.This article contains a review of the literature on the history of the application and development of the cardiopulmonary exercise testing, its physiological characteristics and a study of the literature concerning application of studied method in medicine over the past 5 years. The search and analysis of articles were carried out using the scientometric databases PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Academia.The presented article may be useful for young specialists working in functional diagnostics, cardiology and pulmonology, as well as for researchers and postgraduates whose work involves application of the cardiopulmonary exercise testing method.