Testicular Swelling Research Articles

Scrotal Epidermoid Cyst Presenting as Extra-Testicular Scrotal Mass: A Diagnostic Dilemma

We hereby report a scrotal epidermoid cyst presenting as a scrotal mass which a rare entity in the absence of trauma. 36years old male presents with a complaint of left sided testicular swelling and discomfort. The workup included clinical examination, alpha-fetoprotein (αFP) and beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) analyses and scrotal ultrasound. Clinically confused as testicular malignancy. Complete surgical excision of the cyst was performed. Histopathology confirmed epidermoid cyst with no evidence of malignancy.

Testicular Tuberculosis in an HIV Positive Patient Co-infection with Pulmonary Tuberculosis Mimicking Malignancy: A Case Report

Background: Extrapulmonary involvement can be seen in more than 50% of patients with concurrent HIV and tuberculosis (TB). Approximately 7% of those are presented as a rare case, namely testicular TB, with scrotal mass as common clinical manifestation. Testicular TB should be a different diagnosis, especially in areas with a high prevalence rate for TB.Case: A 24-year-old male with HIV positive co-infection with pulmonary TB presented with a progressively increasing painless right testicular swelling of 1-month duration. History of chronic cough was complained, accompanied by loss of appetite and decrease of body weight. There was no history of testicular traumatic accident before. Genital examination was right testicular mass measuring 7cm x 4cm and depletion of right side scrotal skin with pus and necrotic tissue. He had right orchidectomy by an urologist in a private hospital; then an anatomical pathology was examined. The result of the microscopic evaluation showed granuloma inflammation process typical for orchitis tuberculosis. The patient was reactive for HIV and had Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) detected, Rifampicin resistant not recognized as the result of Gene Xpert MTB/RIF assay.Conclusion: Although a rare case, testicular TB should be a different diagnosis when there is a patient with HIV positive concurrent pulmonary TB with scrotal mass as clinical manifestation, especially in areas with a high prevalence rate for TB.

A rare case of isolated tubercular epididymitis

Isolated tuberculous epididymitis (ITE), defined as tuberculous epididymitis without clinical signs of kidney. Here we present a middle-aged man who presented with swelling in the right scrotum since, 45 days. On clinical examination, mild tenderness was noted in the right scrotal region, a course of oral antibiotics was started but again patient presented with same complaints after 15 days. Fine needle aspiration cytology of testicular swelling was performed which was confirmatory of tuberculous epididymitis. The patient was advised anti-tuberculosis treatment, which he continued for a duration of 6 months. Following the anti-tubercular treatment, there was no evidence of recurrence.

Persistent orchialgia after laparoscopic living-donor nephrectomy: an underestimated complication requiring information adjustment.

Laparoscopic living-donor nephrectomy (LLDN) is the gold-standard procedure for kidney procurement. Ipsilateral orchialgia has barely been described. Some authors reported that ligation of gonadal vein (GV) above iliac vessel bifurcation could prevent orchialgia. We aimed to assess incidence and duration of orchialgia after LLDN in male donors despite distal ligation of GV. Patients who underwent LLDN from 2014 to 2017 were included. Standard procedure consisted in distal ligation of GV, close to the renal vein confluence and proximal ureteral ligation. Patients' demographics, per-operative data, and post-operative consultation reports were retrospectively reviewed. Orchialgia and scrotal symptoms were assessed through a non-validated questionnaire by phone interview. Sixty-nine donors were included. Orchialgia incidence and testicular swelling were 31.9% (n = 22) and 15.9% (n = 11), respectively. Median symptom duration was 15.5months. Orchialgia led to medical consultation in 41.7% (n = 10) of cases. All patients declared having been informed, prior to donation, about possible residual pain but not specifically orchialgia. Orchialgia after LLDN affects more than 30% of donors, despite distal ligation of GV and led less than 50% of them to medical consultation, suggesting a large underestimation in clinical practice. Emphasis should be put on this complication during pre-donation information.

Clinical analysis of primary testicular diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

Objective To investigate the clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of primary testicular diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (PT-DLBCL). Methods The clinical data of 2 patients with PT-DLBCL in the Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang treated in May 2013 and April 2018 was retrospectively analyzed. The clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of PT-DLBCL were summarized with review of these 2 cases combining with other 42 cases reported in domestic literature. Results Case 1, a 71 years old man, complained of bilateral scrotal enlargement with pain and discomfort for 2 months. Case 2, an 85 years old man, presented with left scrotal mass for 3 months. All 2 patients underwent orchiectomy. Both of the 2 patients were diagnosed as PT-DLBCL and non-germinal center B-cell (non-GCB) subtype and had Ann Arbor stage ⅠE after operation. Case 1 received only 2 cycles of CHOP (cyclophosphamide, epirubicin, vincristine, prednisone) due to lack of financial support. Case 2 refused chemotherapy and right testis irradiation because of advanced age. They were followed up for 71 months and 12 months, respectively. They were both alive without recurrence at last time of the follow-up. The median age of 44 patients (2 cases in this study and 42 cases reported in the domestic literature) was 64 years old (range 45-87 years old). The most common symptom was unilateral painless testicular swelling (left testis 17 cases and right testis 24 cases). Twenty-one patients were Ann Arbor stage Ⅰ, 6 patients were stage Ⅱ, 6 patients were stage Ⅲ, and 11 patients were stage Ⅳ. Thirty-one patients were non-GCB subtype. Twelve patients were international prognostic index (IPI) score ≥3. Serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level was elevated in 13 patients. All patients underwent orchiectomy. CHOP/R-CHOP chemotherapy was given to 40 patients and prophylactic radiation to contralateral testis was given to 12 patients. Twenty-two patients received prophylactic intrathecal chemotherapy. After a median follow-up of 17 months (range 3-135 months), 14 patients died and the median overall survival time was 13 months (range 3-96 months). Conclusions PT-DLBCL is rare. Its diagnosis mainly depends on pathology, with the majority of patients diagnosed in early Ann Arbor clinical stage and non-GCB subtype. The radical orchiectomy and R-CHOP chemotherapy is recommended due to local relapse and systemic dissemination. It is curable in the early stage while patients with advanced stage have a very poor prognosis. Prophylactic radiation to contralateral testis and intrathecal chemotherapy can decrease the risk of recurrence. Key words: Testicular neoplasms; Lymphoma, large B-cell, diffuse; Diagnosis; Treatment; Prognosis

Two cases report of segmental testicular infarction

The segmental testicular infarction rate is extremely low, usually showing acute testicular pain, which needs to be distinguished from testicular tumor, testicular torsion, etc. Only a few cases were reported. In this study, two cases were presented. Case one, a 13-year-old boy, was admitted to hospital due to right testicular swelling and pain for 3 days. Presenting with vomiting once on May 5, 2017.He underwent right scrotum exploration and testicular fixation. Testicular pain was disappeared and discharged on the five days operation. There was no obvious abnormality in color doppler ultrasound after one year after operation. Another patient, a 26-year-old man, was admitted to hospital due to left testicular swelling and pain for 6 on March 15, 2018. He was treated with Xue Saitong, natra heparin calcium and Maizhiling tablets. After seven days of treatment, the testicular pain improved and were discharged. One month after discharge, the patient had no pain or discomfort, and the color Doppler ultrasound showed that the left subtesticular polar-like low-isoecho, and a small amount of star-like blood flow signal around. Key words: Testicular diseases; Segmental testicular infarction; Color Doppler; Scrotal ultrasound

Metachronous testicular tumour recurrence in extra-gonadal germ cell tumour: A case report and review of the literature

A 24-year-old male presented in 2014 with left sided abdominal pain and a palpable abdominal mass. After appropriate investigation a diagnosis of an extra-gonadal germ cell tumour was made and he was treated with platinum based chemotherapy. He then underwent retroperitoneal lymph node dissection due to residual disease identified on imaging with no specific tissue type identified on the histological sample. In early 2019 he presented to his General Practitioner with a left sided testicular lump and was diagnosed with non-seminomatous germ cell tumour of the testis, an uncommon condition; metachronous testicular tumour. Level of Evidence: 5

Metastatic Mixed Germ Cell Tumor Presented With Hemoptysis- A Case Report

A 35 year’s old male presented with right testicular swelling for last six month. He developed hemoptysis and mild dyspnea for 2 weeks. Ultrasonography revealed testicular malignancy with multiple heterogenecity. CT scan of the abdomen did not reveal any lymph node metastasis. His X-ray chest showed extensive pulmonary metastasis. All three tumor markers were raised. Histology was suggestive of mixed germ cell tumor with a rare combination of Seminoma and Choriocarcinoma. Because of this rare combination of 2 varieties of testicular germ cell tumor and advanced systemic metastasis we presented this case.

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia with Primary Testicular Involvement in a Pre-pubertal Male: A Case Report

Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia is the most common malignancy in paediatric patients; its diagnosis is usually easy to establish as malignant lymphoblasts invade the bone marrow and peripheral blood. Patients with Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) may initially present with pancytopenia and a hypoplastic or hyperplastic bone marrow. Fever is common at presentation, and despite neutropenia, sepsis is rarely seen. Other common clinical manifestations include fatigue, pallor, petechiae, bleeding, lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly. Presentation with primarily testicular disease is exceedingly rare in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The unusual presentation of a primary left testicular involvement in ALL is being highlighted in this case report. We present an 11 year old boy who presented with fever, generalized body pain, abdominal discomfort as well as left testicular swelling. Bone marrow studies, Full blood count and peripheral blood film appearance were typical of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Ultrasound findings showed left scrotal enlargement with reduced and coarse parenchymal echotexture, while cytogenetic studies revealed positive Philadelphia chromosomes. There was good response to standard ALL therapy. Clinical remission with normal left testicular size was noted at the end of induction phase of therapy.

Giant scrotal leiomyoma: Report of a rare case and review of literature

Background: Leiomyoma is a benign tumour of smooth muscles that can arise almost anywhere in the body; however, scrotal Leiomyomais a rare entity. It may originate from dartos muscle, epididymis or spermatic cord. The neoplasm has an insidious course, and clinically it may mimic many intrascrotal tumours, including testicular cancers, resulting in diagnostic challenges.Case report: A 20-year-old student evaluated for a painless right testicular swelling of 1year duration, suspicious of right testicular cancer. He had right radical orchidectomy done, but the histology result of the specimen came out to be paratesticular leiomyoma compressing and causing total atrophy of the right testis, the specimen measured 10x7x6cm and weighed 600g. Post-operative condition and follow up were satisfactory.Conclusion: Scrotal leiomyoma is rare and when it presents as huge mass can cause challenges in diagnosis and treatment, particularly in developing countries. Close follow-up and molecular testing are important in detecting renal cell carcinoma in case of hereditary autosomal dominant disorders that may coexist with this tumour. Keywords: Paratestisticular, Giant, Dartos muscle, Leiomyoma.

TUBERCULOSIS MIMICKING A TESTICULAR TUMOR

Genitourinary tuberculosis is a challenging clinical entity which can affect the entire male genital tract. Seventy-five- year old male presented with a testicular lump masquerading a testicular malignancy. Histological and microbiological examination of testicular biopsy specimens established the diagnosis of tuberculosis. Isolated testicular tuberculosis is rarely reported. High degree of clinical suspicion and histological sampling are paramount important in the process of diagnostic evaluation.

Ocular manifestations of testicular lymphoma

AbstractPurposesThe testes, brain and eye are considered immune‐privileged sites in which specific cell properties allow certain malignant cells to escape immune system destruction. Rarely such sites may develop B‐cell lymphoma. Testicular lymphoma is a rare disease, most common in elderly male patients, few clinical reports document the association between primary testicular lymphoma and eye disease.MethodsWe report a case of a 75 year old male patient who presented with signs and symptoms which mimicked primary intraocular lymphoma. Given this suspicion, the patient was referred to an ocular oncology unit where a chorioretinal biopsy was taken revealing inflammatory cells with no evidence of malignancy.ResultsA number of months later, the patient re‐presented with deteriorating ocular symptoms, a plan was made for vitrectomy with re‐biospy. At a similar time, the patient presented to his GP with a testicular swelling, imaging revealed a right testicular mass from which biopsies were taken. Histology confirmed diffuse large B cell lymphoma of the testicle, and subsequently the patient was found to have intracerebral disease. The patient unfortunately passed away before further ocular investigation or biopsy.ConclusionThe presence of vitritis and retinal lesions suggestive of lymphoma in an elderly male patient should prompt investigation of the testes in addition to CNS. A high suspicion for intraocular lymphoma must be maintained with continued close follow up, as early symptoms may be non‐specific and initial vitreous biopsy negative for malignant cells.

Case 2: Chronic Testicular Torsion in a Healthy Neonate

A male newborn, weighing 3,180 g, is born via spontaneous vaginal delivery at 38 3/7 weeks’ gestation to a 26-year-old, gravida 4, para 3 woman. The pregnancy is uncomplicated and the family history negative. At birth, the right scrotum is swollen and the left testis is not palpable. Scrotal ultrasonography shows a right hydrocele with mild swelling and reduced perfusion of the right testicle (Fig 1A and 1B). The left testicle appears to be in the left inguinal canal with blood flow present (Fig 2A and 2B). He is discharged on day 2 with outpatient follow-up scheduled with urology in 1 week. Figure 1. Sagittal views of the right testicle demonstrate course, heterogeneous echotexture and a moderate-sized hydrocele and no focal mass. Figure 2. These transverse and sagittal images of the left testicle demonstrate coarse hetrogeneous echotexture with a trace hydrocele and no focal mass. The family does not follow up, and the infant presents at 4 weeks of age with bilateral testicular swelling. On examination, the left testis is not palpable and there is diffuse scrotal swelling with no surrounding erythema. Cremasteric reflex is present on the right, but absent on the left. No chordee is noted and transillumination of scrotal skin is …

Lichtenstein Tension Free Mesh Repair in Inguinal Hernia: Our Six Years Experience

Inguinal hernias are common and the results of surgical repair are often satisfactory but recurrence rate are variable. To prevent recurrences prosthetic materials have been increasingly used in hernia repair. In this study Lichtenstein technique of tension free mesh repair for inguinal hernia is done in 275 cases in the period from January 2005 to Deceber2010 and outcome is measured in terms of early and late morbidity especially recurrences. serorna developed in 10 patients (3.6%) and haematoma and transient testicular swelling developed in 8 patients (2.9%) and 21 patients (7.6%) respectively. Only 3 patients (1.08%) developed wound infection and 2 patients (.72%) developed recurrences of hernia. Post operative neuralgia developed in 7 cases (2.5%). During follow up period no mesh rejection and discharging wound sinus related to presence of foreign body is observed in the study. So Lichtenstein tension free repair of inguinal hernia is. safe and effective method where recurrence rate is reasonably low.
 Journal of Surgical Sciences (2013) Vol. 17 (1) : 3-6

RECTAL PERFORATION COMPLICATED BY FOURNIER’S GANGRENE SECONDARY TO ACCIDENTAL TOOTHPICK INGESTION

SESSION TITLE: Case Report Semifinalists 9 SESSION TYPE: Med Student/Res Case Rep Postr PRESENTED ON: 10/21/2019 02:30 PM - 03:15 PM INTRODUCTION: Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is a life threatening soft-tissue infection. Fournier’s Gangrene (FG) is NF involving the genital, perianal and perineal regions. Accidental Foreign body (FB) ingestion resulting in life threatening NF and FG is extremely rare. We report one such interesting case. CASE PRESENTATION: A 57-year-old male with past medical history of diabetes mellitus presented with chief complaints of vomiting, non-bloody diarrhea and rectal pain. Physical exam was remarkable for high grade fever and normal digital rectal exam. Laboratory investigations were remarkable for leukocytosis with negative infectious workup and autoimmune panel. CT abdomen/pelvis was suggestive of proctitis. The patient was started on broad spectrum antibiotics. He continued to spike high grade fevers with up trending leukocytosis, followed by hypotension and new onset painful bilateral testicular swelling . CT pelvis of soft tissues showed a peri-rectal opacity, massive subcutaneous edema, air in the perineum and scrotum with extension to the right lateral aspect of the anus concerning for FG. The patient underwent sigmoidoscopy followed by local exploration via a peri-rectal incision. A toothpick 3.1 x 0.2 x 0.1 cm was found to have perforated the rectum 6cm from the anal sphincter forming a fistulous connection, with perirectal abscess and extending cephalad to the base of the scrotum. The patient had multiple debridements and eventually underwent sigmoid colostomy. A follow up colonoscopy at eight months showed recovery from the perforation and the colostomy was closed electively. DISCUSSION: Accidental ingestion of a foreign body (FB) is not uncommon. FB has been reported to cause bleeding, obstruction, perforation, fistula formation and in rare cases necrotizing fasciitis (NF). Symptoms, complications and site of lodgment depends on size and sharpness of the FB and frequently involve the duodenum (23%) and large intestine (37%). Less than 1 % FB cause perforation. Investigation modalities include plain film, ultrasound, CT scan and MRI. Broad-spectrum antibiotics, surgical debridement and control of the perforation are imperative in the management of cases like our patient. The option for stoma creation versus primary colonic repair depends on severity of the perforation and the patient’s general condition. It should be noted that while cases of intestinal perforations secondary to diverticulitis or gastrointestinal tract malignancies resulting in NF are not uncommon. To the best of our knowledge, this is the third case in literature of NF and FG caused by accidental tooth pick ingestion. CONCLUSIONS: This case brings to light an interesting and rare presentation of accidental tooth pick ingestion leading to life-threatening FG. Reference #1: Intestinal Perforation by a Toothpick as Reason for Necrotizing Fasciitis. Markus Rupp, Gero Knapp, David Weisweiler, Christian Heiss, Volker Alt. J Bone Jt Infect. 2018; 3(4): 226–229. Reference #2: Right Hip Necrotizing Fasciitis. Lee I-H, How C-K, Chen J-D, Yen DH-T, Chiu Y-H. N Am J Med Sci. 2011;341:499 Reference #3: Necrotizing fasciitis. Green RJ, Dafoe DC, Rajfin TA. Chest. 1996;110:219–29. DISCLOSURES: No relevant relationships by Andrey ILiev, source=Web Response No relevant relationships by Muneer Khan, source=Web Response No relevant relationships by Mariam Saeed, source=Web Response

Testicular torsion: The unexpected terrible twos, a unique case report

Abstract Introduction Testicular torsion is a common pediatric urologic emergency that affects 3.8 per 100,000 males younger than 18 yrs annually. The age distribution of testicular torsion is bimodal, with one peak in the neonatal period and the second peak around puberty. Herein, we describe a case report involving testicular torsion in a rarely seen age group. Case presentation A 2 year old male with no past medical history presented to the Emergency Department with left testicular pain and swelling. His physical exam revealed a well-developed child in mild distress related to discomfort. The left testis appeared edematous and erythematous. It was firm and tender to palpation. The ultrasound with Doppler of the left testis revealed marked tunica thickening and hyperemia with overlying scrotal edema and hyperemia. The patient was taken emergently to the operating room for exploration. There was torsion of the left spermatic cord within the tunica vaginalis with a necrotic testis. A left orchiectomy and right orchiopexy were performed. Conclusion When dealing with acute scrotal etiologies one must consider a broad differential diagnosis including testicular torsion, incarcerated or strangulated inguinal hernia, trauma and epididymitis. This case report demonstrates a unique presentation of testicular torsion in an unexpected age group.

Rare Testicular Neoplasm: Melanotic Neuroectodermal Tumor of Infancy

Abstract We report the case of an 18-month-old boy who presented with a several-week history of left testicular swelling. On physical examination, the testicle was firm, enlarged, and nontender to palpation. The patient’s urinary habits and family history were unremarkable. An ultrasound was performed that revealed an enlarged left testis (4.7 cm) with a hypervascular heterogeneous appearance and scattered echogenic foci that raised concern for a neoplastic process. Microlithiasis was identified in the right testis (1.6 cm). AFP and hCG were within normal limits, and LDH was mildly elevated. An orchiectomy was performed and gross dissection revealed a 4.5 × 3.5 × 3.0-cm mass. The tumor was biphasic and composed of a population of poorly differentiated small round blue cells (neuroblastoma-like) and a separate component of nested epithelioid cells that had abundant cytoplasm with melanotic granules. Mitotic and karyorrhectic figures were scattered throughout. Epididymis infiltration was present. The epithelioid cells were pan-cytokeratin, EMA, and HMB-45 positive. The small round blue cells were positive for synaptophysin, vimentin, and CD117. A subpopulation was also moderately positive for CD99. A Phox2B and TDT were negative in the tumor cells, which helped to exclude neuroblastoma and lymphoma. The combined features of this case were diagnostic for melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy (MNTI). This is a rare tumor with a strong predilection for the head and neck region with testicular/paratesticular localization accounting for less than 5% of MNTI cases. MNTIs are classically seen in infants under 1 year of age and typically behave in a benign fashion, although metastases to retroperitoneal lymph nodes and lymphatics have been documented. It is important to remember the differential of pediatric testicular neoplasms as it can mimic other small round blue cell tumors.

An Unusual Case of Xanthogranulomatous Orchitis: A Tumor Mimic

Xanthogranulomatous inflammatory reaction is an uncommon nonneoplastic disease process, which is an even rarer entity in testicles. We present a similar case report of a 20-year-old male with a testicular swelling and a provisional clinical diagnosis of a testicular neoplasm. We hence present this case in view of its rarity and its nature to deceptively mimic a neoplasm.

A comparison of clinical outcomes of acute testicular torsion between prepubertal and postpubertal males

Surgical intervention for acute testicular torsion can require either orchiopexy or orchiectomy. The decision of which surgery to perform is dependant on the amount of time that the testicle experienced ischemia and the viability of the testicle after reperfusion. It is hypothesized that (1) there is a difference in orchiectomy and orchiopexy rates between prepubertal and postpubertal males with acute testicular torsion and (2) presenting symptoms may vary between the two age groups as prepubertal males may present with atypical symptoms, which could result in delayed presentation and diagnosis. A retrospective chart review was conducted on pediatric patients who were diagnosed with acute testicular torsion between June 2010 and August 2017. Demographic and clinical characteristics were extracted: age, ethnicity, referral pattern, primary insurance status, symptoms at presentation, prior history of ipsilateral testicular pain or intermittent torsion, recent trauma to genitalia, duration of symptoms (hours), gradual vs. acute onset of symptoms, time/weekday/season at presentation, and time interval from arrival at the study institution to surgical intervention (minutes). Patients were categorized into two groups: prepubertal group (age 1-12 years) and postpubertal group (age 13-18 years). Statistical analyses were performed using R, version 3.3.1. Ninety-one patients were included in the study. The overall orchiectomy rate was 30.8%. More prepubertal males underwent orchiectomy than postpubertal males (42.4% vs. 24.1%, respectively). Prepubertal males were more likely to present with abdominal pain than postpubertal males (27.3% vs. 10.3%, respectively). Those who underwent orchiectomy were more likely to present with longer duration of symptoms, testicular swelling, and abdominal pain than those who underwent orchiopexy. The risk of orchiectomy decreased by 14% per 1-year increase in age (odds ratio [OR]: 0.86, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.94-1.00, p = .009). A steady decline in the proportion of patients undergoing orchiectomy was seen from 1 to 12 years of age. This study found that prepubertal males are at higher risk for orchiectomy than postpubertal males. The risk of orchiectomy decreases by 14-16% per 1-year increase in age. Prepubertal males are more likely to present with atypical symptoms and delayed presentation and diagnosis, leading to delayed surgical intervention. It is important for providers to perform a genital examination in prepubertal males who present with abdominal pain to rule out acute testicular torsion. Patients presenting with longer duration of symptoms, testicular swelling, and abdominal pain are at higher risk for orchiectomy. No correlation was found between orchiectomy rate and ethnicity, referral status, primary insurance status, and time/weekday/season at presentation. Among patients presenting to a tertiary pediatric hospital with acute testicular torsion, prepubertal males (younger than 12 years) are at higher risk for orchiectomy than postpubertal males. Prepubertal males are more likely to present with atypical symptoms which results in delayed presentation and diagnosis, leading to delayed in surgical intervention.

Chemical sterilization with intratesticular administration of zinc gluconate in adult dogs: a preliminary report

BackgroundChemical sterilization with zinc gluconate is being developed due to its permanent contraceptive effect in prepubertal dogs. In this study, five healthy adult dogs were selected randomly. Semen samples were collected and analyzed before the study to confirm normal testicular function. Under general anesthesia, pH neutralized zinc gluconate was injected directly into their testes. Testes diameter, ultrasonographic appearance, changes in the percentage of white blood cells, and testosterone concentration were monitored twice a week before and 1 month after the injection. At the end of the study, the dogs were castrated and their testes were removed for histopathological evaluation.ResultsThe general health of all dogs was normal after the injection. The appearance of testicular swelling was limited within 2 days of treatment. The average diameter of left and right testes was 2.48 and 2.03 cm before the injection and reached to diameter 2.12 and 2.15 cm, respectively, at the end of the study. Serum testosterone concentration was 4.2 ng/ml at the start and 4 ng/ml at the end of the study. The percentage of white blood cells at the start and end of the study were within normal ranges reported for dogs. Histopathological analyses indicate a degeneration of germ cells in seminiferous tubules, but Leydig cells retained their structure.ConclusionsTherefore, It is inferred that the injection of pH neutralized zinc gluconate into the adult dogs’ testes resulted in the loss of sperm-producing tissue without affecting the production of testosterone and the general health of adult dogs.