Test Team Research Articles

Bridging the Racial, Ethnic, and Gender Gap in Gastroenterology

Bridging the Racial, Ethnic, and Gender Gap in Gastroenterology

Identifying High-impact Bug Reports with Imbalance Distribution by Instance Fuzzy Entropy

Bug tracking systems, such as Bugzilla, contain bug reports collected from sources such as development teams, testing teams and end users. Developers often depend on bug reports to fix identified bugs. Frequently used bug reports are the so-called severe bug reports. Although severe bug reports can be manually detected within bug reports in bug tracking systems, they impose heavy burdens on management of bug tracking systems. Consequently, an automated mechanism to examine the severity of bug reports is desirable to augment productivity. Unfortunately, identifying the severity of bug reports from thousands of bug reports in a bug tracking system is not an easy feat, because of the problem of low-quality and imbalance distributions that could affect the performance of automated mechanisms. In this paper, we propose an approach, namely FER, to counter low-quality and imbalanced distributions of bug reports relative to their severity. First, FER approach gets high-quality bug reports based on instance fuzzy entropy. Then, FER approach weakens the imbalancedness degree of class distribution according to the high-quality bug reports to train classifiers to recognize the severity of bug reports. Several experiments are conducted on bug reports from three open source projects (Eclipse, Mozilla, GNOME) and they reveal that our approach is robust against the low-quality and imbalance distributions of bug reports, while identifying the severity of bug reports.

Optimal priority assignment for real-time systems: a coevolution-based approach

In real-time systems, priorities assigned to real-time tasks determine the order of task executions, by relying on an underlying task scheduling policy. Assigning optimal priority values to tasks is critical to allow the tasks to complete their executions while maximizing safety margins from their specified deadlines. This enables real-time systems to tolerate unexpected overheads in task executions and still meet their deadlines. In practice, priority assignments result from an interactive process between the development and testing teams. In this article, we propose an automated method that aims to identify the best possible priority assignments in real-time systems, accounting for multiple objectives regarding safety margins and engineering constraints. Our approach is based on a multi-objective, competitive coevolutionary algorithm mimicking the interactive priority assignment process between the development and testing teams. We evaluate our approach by applying it to six industrial systems from different domains and several synthetic systems. The results indicate that our approach significantly outperforms both our baselines, i.e., random search and sequential search, and solutions defined by practitioners. Our approach scales to complex industrial systems as an offline analysis method that attempts to find near-optimal solutions within acceptable time, i.e., less than 16 hours.

Lived experience of Jordanian front-line healthcare workers amid the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative study

ObjectivesThis study aimed to explore the lived experience of Jordanian front-line healthcare workers (FHCWs), including their experienced challenges and adaptations amid the COVID-19 pandemic.DesignA phenomenological qualitative design was used to...

Standardized testing and written communication improve patient understanding of beta-lactam allergy testing outcomes: Amulticenter, prospective study.

Historical penicillin allergy is commonly reported, but the lack of standardized allergy clinic practices may diminish the ability to delabel beta-lactam allergy appropriately. We sought to improve beta-lactam allergy testing and patient understanding of their antibiotic allergy status by standardizing testing and communication practices between 7 adult and pediatric hospital centers. Phase 1 prospectively described the beta-lactam allergy testing practices at each center. Following this, practice was standardized to achieve a defined panel of skin testing reagents, pro forma result letters for patients and referring doctors, and provision of medical alert jewelry to those with confirmed allergy. Testing outcomes and patient perception regarding allergy status 8 weeks postassessment were compared before (phase 1) and after standardization (phase 2). Primary outcomes were the percentage of participants delabeled after testing, and concordance rates between participant perception of their allergy status and their status as determined by the treating physician at 8-week follow-up. Of 195 adult and pediatric participants (median age, 50 years; 21.5% <18 years; 36.9% males), 75% were delabeled of their beta-lactam allergy. No patient experienced anaphylaxis related to any beta-lactam delabeling testing. In phase 1, 75% of participants received written results, 52% were informed verbally, and 48% received results in more than 1 form. All phase 2 participants received written results (P< .01), 61% received verbal results from a physician as well (P> .05). At 8-week follow-up, 54% of phase 1 participants had concordant perceptions of their allergy status as the testing team versus 91.6% in phase2 (P< .001). Of the 17 participants who were delabeled and treated with a beta-lactam antibiotic during the 8-week follow-up period, there were no reported allergic reactions, although 1 participant experienced anaphylaxis following exposure to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid 1 year after delabeling. Standardization of testing and written patient information improved short-term patient perception of beta-lactam allergy status.

Diagnostic Performance of a Noninvasive Breath Test for Colorectal Cancer: COBRA1 Study

Diagnostic Performance of a Noninvasive Breath Test for Colorectal Cancer: COBRA1 Study

PROBLEMATIC ISSUES REGARDING THE DEVELOPMENT OF FLIGHT TECHNIQUES FOR AVIATION OF THE ARMED FORCES OF UKRAINE

The purpose of the study is to determine and substantiate the normative values of the strength of the fabric used for the manufacture of LTO, taking into account the results of LTO control tests for aircraft of the Air Force of the Armed Forces of Ukraine conducted by specialists of the test team equipment in the period from 01.06.2020 to 01.09.2021, and mandatory requirements for its strength, defined by the general technical requirements for livelihoods and rescue of aircraft crews.&#x0D; During the research was carried out:&#x0D; &#x0D; study and analysis of regulatory and technical documentation regarding the physical and mechanical properties of materials from which military clothing is made for servicemen;&#x0D; analysis of the degree of influence of fabric properties on the quality of LTO products;&#x0D; study of the parameters of strength of fabrics from which military clothing for servicemen is made;&#x0D; the conditions of application of LTO products were&#x0D; &#x0D; An analysis of recent publications has revealed that neither in Ukraine nor abroad there is a consolidated normative document or standard on the requirements for the strength parameters of materials used for the manufacture of LTOs. In addition, Ukraine has abolished certain standards (on the quality of fabrics for the manufacture of garments for servicemen) of the former USSR, adopted before 1992 (in accordance with Ukraine's obligations under paragraph 8 of Article 56 of Chapter 3 of the Association Agreement), and on them replacement European standards are not implemented or developed.&#x0D; Given the above, there is a need to determine the quality of materials for the manufacture of LTO.&#x0D; To determine the adequacy of the indicators obtained in laboratory tests of fabrics from which prototypes of LTO are made, the specialists of State Research Institute for Testing and Certification of Weapons and Military Equipment proposed a new approach, namely, – comparing their values with the values of fabrics from which flight uniforms were made in Soviet times. The strength parameters (maximum tensile force, tear load, etc.) of fabrics from which LTO prototypes are made must not be worse than the strength parameters of fabrics from which domestic LTO samples made by the USSR Armed Forces are made.

Changes in the Role of the Community in the Preparation of Environmental Impact Analysis Based on Law Number 11 of 2020 Concerning Job Creation

The purpose of this study is to determine the changes that occur to the prerequisites for making decisions about the implementation of an environmental impact analysis business based on Law Number 11 of 2021 concerning Job Creation. To find out the ease of obtaining a business permit and the impact that will occur, be it positive / or negative for the environment. The Job Creation Law amends a number of articles related to amdal regulation. Such as the amendment of Article 24 of Law No. 32 of 2009, the amdal document becomes the basis for environmental feasibility tests or business and/or activity plans. This environmental feasibility test is carried out by an environmental feasibility test team formed by the central government. Community participation in providing suggestions and responses that must be involved in the preparation of the EIA is narrowed down to only communities that are directly affected whereas in the Law before it was amended mentions environmental observers and/or those affected by all forms of decisions in the amdal process. This research method is carried out by normative juridical research approach in this legal research by means of a statutory approach and legal research which is carried out by examining literature materials or secondary data. Amdal will be able to find out whether a business activity plan has a negative impact or positively serves to secure the environment from negative impacts thus it should be seen as a future security instrument for environmental management efforts and needs to be improved in its position in the development process, not weakening it.

DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR THE SELECTION OF PENCAK SILAT ATHLETES USING AHP - TOPSIS

The name Setia Hati Terate Brotherhood means prioritizing relationships between others that grow from a sincere, sincere, and clean heart. In addition, it was also explained that all members of the Setia Hati Terate Brotherhood are one brother who does not distinguish between rank, degree, and dignity as well as ethnicity, religion, race, and inter-group (SARA). One of the constraining factors for the development of Pencak silat which is in the spotlight is the lack of trainers who are qualified in selecting athletes. Considering all the reasons for the problems at the research site, it is necessary to create a decision support system that can be used by coaches and organizers of an open selection that can assist in selecting athletes to get the most potential athletes to achieve maximum performance. The selection system for Pencak silat athletes will use the AHP method which can decompose problems into a hierarchy so that it is easy to solve, while TOPSIS is a ranking method that has the advantage that it considers the best solution not only the solution closest to the ideal solution but also the most far from a negative solution. The method used is the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Technique For Order Preference By Similarity To Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) with the PHP programming language. This study has applied the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) method to determine and test the consistency of the weight of the criteria which includes 4 criteria, namely physical, technical, psychological, and strategic. This research uses the application of the AHP and (TOPSIS) methods with the test results, it is concluded that the system built is more effective in selecting Pencak silat athletes than the test team without using the system.

Environmental Licensing After the Job Creation Act in the Perspective of a Decentralized Unitary State

This research is motivated by the existence of one of the laws that are affected by Law Number 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation, namely Law Number 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Management, which is related to changes in the concept of environmental licensing, which creates differences There is a perception among the public that there are contradictory objectives in the two laws, that goals that are oriented towards attracting investment and employment have the potential to ignore sustainable environmental conservation. Changes in the concept of environmental licensing into environmental approvals in the work copyright law which then gives more authority to the Central Government regarding the formation of a Feasibility Test Team formed by the Feasibility Testing Agency of the Central Government, and the types of activities and businesses are also determined by the Central Government, so there are efforts to reduce the authority provincial and district/city areas, this is not in accordance with the implementation of decentralization on the principle of regional autonomy mandated by the constitution. This study aims to restore the function of environmental licensing as a controlling instrument in environmental activities/businesses that are attached to the central, provincial and district/city governments, using a qualitative normative juridical method with a library research approach.

Online Bug Tracking System

Bug tracking system is an online project management implement, which will be habituated to track and manage bugs with the project without any latency. Project Manager will engender team members including developers and testing team. Testing team will engender and assign bugs to developer in the bug tracker which notifies developer immediately through email notification. Developer will commence finetuning the bugs which were allocated to him and after consummating the fine-tune, will update it as “resolution” in the bug tracker which will notifies the testing team through email notification. Testing team member will immediately verify the fine-tune and close the issue if it is working else testing team will reopen the issue. In this way entire process will be automated which will avails to achieve the quality in the project. The bug report is mailed to the project manager and the developer as anon as the bug is identified. This makes that no error will go unfixed because of indigent communication. It makes ascertain that anyone who requires to ken about a bug can learn of it anon after it is reported. Bug tracking system plays vital role in the testing phase. But it fortifies assigning projects for the developer, tester by the project manager.

Parents' and Childcare Workers' Perspectives Toward SARS-CoV-2 Test and Surveillance Protocols in Pre-school Children Day Care Centers: A Qualitative Study Within the German Wü-KiTa-CoV Project.

BackgroundFeasibility of surveillance through continuous SARS-CoV-2 testing in pre-school children and childcare workers (CCWs) to prevent closure of day care centers (DCCs) was proven in the Wü-KiTa-CoV study. The purpose of this study was to describe the factors that facilitate or hinder the implementation of continuous SARS-CoV-2 testing from the perspective of parents and CCWs involved in the study.MethodsA total of 148 semi–structured telephone interviews, repeated before and after the implementation of the surveillance protocols, were conducted with parents and CCWs belonging to the DCCs involved in Wü-KiTa-CoV and analyzed using qualitative content analysis.ResultsFive main topical categories that influences implementation of surveillance protocols for SARS-CoV-2 in DCCs emerged: Generating valuable knowledge, Impact on daily life, Communication and information, Children’s wellbeing and the Sense of security. Smooth integration in daily routines, quickly delivered test results, and efficient communication and information between the study team and the participants were identified as factors that had a positive impact on implementation. To ensure children’s wellbeing, the introduction of non-invasive testing procedures such as saliva testing, parental involvement to motivate, and prepare children for the procedure, the creation of a child-friendly environment for testing, and use of child-friendly explanations were considered critical. The surveillance was found to increase the sense of security during the pandemic. Conversely, reliability of tests in the surveillance protocols, low participation rates, non-transparent communication, the need to travel to testing sites, fear of quarantine in case of positive test results, concerns about higher workloads, the fear of unpleasant feelings for children, their young age, and changing test teams were considered as hindering factors.ConclusionThis qualitative study of parents of children in day care and DCC staff under surveillance through continuous testing for SARS-CoV-2 in nine German DCCs identified several factors that facilitate or hinder its implementation. These should be considered when planning screening interventions to prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2 or other infectious diseases in pre-school children DCCs.

What Leads to a Confirmatory or Disconfirmatory Behavior of Software Testers?

Background: The existing literature in software engineering reports adverse effects of confirmation bias on software testing. Confirmation bias among software testers leads to confirmatory behaviour, which is designing or executing relatively more specification consistent test cases (confirmatory behaviour) than specification inconsistent test cases (disconfirmatory behaviour). Objective: We aim to explore the antecedents to confirmatory and disconfirmatory behaviour of software testers. Furthermore, we aim to understand why and how those antecedents lead to (dis)confirmatory behaviour. Method: We follow grounded theory method for the analyses of the data collected through semi-structured interviews with twelve software testers. Results: We identified twenty antecedents to (dis)confirmatory behaviour, and classified them in nine categories. Experience and Time are the two major categories. Experience is a disconfirmatory category, which also determines which behaviour (confirmatory or disconfirmatory) occurs first among software testers, as an effect of other antecedents. Time Pressure is a confirmatory antecedent of the Time category. It also contributes to the confirmatory effects of antecedents of other categories. Conclusion: The disconfirmatory antecedents, especially that belong to the testing process, e.g., test suite reviews by project team members, may help circumvent the deleterious effects of confirmation bias in software testing. If a team's resources permit, the designing and execution of a test suite could be divided among the test team members, as different perspectives of testers may help to detect more errors. The results of our study are based on a single context where dedicated testing teams focus on higher levels of testing. The study's scope does not account for the testing performed by developers. Future work includes exploring other contexts to extend our results.

Individualized Provider Feedback Increased HIV and HCV Screening and Identification in a New York City Emergency Department.

Efforts to end the HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) epidemics begin with ascertainment of a person's infection status through screening. Despite its importance as a site of testing, missed opportunities for screening in the Emergency Department (ED) are common. We describe the impact of implementing an individualized provider feedback intervention on HIV and HCV testing in a quaternary ED. We conducted an interrupted time series analysis to evaluate the impact of the intervention on weekly HIV and HCV screening in an observational cohort of patients seeking care in the ED. The intervention included a physician champion individualized feedback with peer comparisons to all providers in the ED and an existing HIV/HCV testing and response team. Data were abstracted from the electronic medical record (EMR) for 30 weeks before, during, and after implementing the intervention. We used Poisson regression analysis to estimate changes in the weekly counts and rates of HIV and HCV testing. The incidence rate ratios (IRRs) of HIV testing were 1.94 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.85-2.04] and 1.38 (95% CI 1.31-1.45) times higher for the intervention and post-intervention period compared with the pre-intervention period. The IRRs of HCV testing was 6.96 (95% CI 6.40-7.58) and 4.70 (95% CI 4.31-5.13) for the intervention and post-intervention periods. There were no meaningful differences in demographic characteristics during the observation period. The intervention meaningfully increased HIV and HCV testing volume and positive case detection, including testing in high-risk groups like young adults and individuals without prior testing. Although diminished, the intervention effect sustained in the 30-week period following implementation.

Testing team reasoning: Group identification is related to coordination in pure coordination games

Abstract Games of pure mutual interest require players to coordinate their choices without being able to communicate. One way to achieve this is through team-reasoning, asking ‘what should we choose’, rather than just assessing one’s own options from an individual perspective. It has been suggested that team-reasoning is more likely when individuals are encouraged to think of those they are attempting to coordinate with as members of an in-group. In two studies, we examined the effects of group identity, measured by the ‘Inclusion of Other in Self’ (IOS) scale, on performance in nondescript coordination games, where there are several equilibria but no descriptions that a player can use to distinguish any one strategy from the others apart from the payoff from coordinating on it. In an online experiment, our manipulation of group identity did not have the expected effect, but we found a correlation of .18 between IOS and team-reasoning-consistent choosing. Similarly, in self-reported strategies, those who reported trying to pick an option that stood out (making it easier to coordinate on) also reported higher IOS scores than did those who said they tended to choose the option with the largest potential payoff. In a follow-up study in the lab, participants played either with friends or with strangers. Experiment 2 replicated the relationship between IOS and team-reasoning in strangers but not in friends. Instead, friends’ behavior was related to their expectations of what their partners would do. A hierarchical cluster analysis showed that 46.4% of strangers played a team reasoning strategy, compared to 20.6% of friends. We suggest that the strangers who group identify may have been team reasoning but friends may have tried to use their superior knowledge of their partners to try to predict their strategy.

Inter-team communication in large-scale co-located software engineering: a case study

Large-scale software engineering is a collaborative effort where teams need to communicate to develop software products. Managers face the challenge of how to organise work to facilitate necessary communication between teams and individuals. This includes a range of decisions from distributing work over teams located in multiple buildings and sites, through work processes and tools for coordinating work, to softer issues including ensuring well-functioning teams. In this case study, we focus on inter-team communication by considering geographical, cognitive and psychological distances between teams, and factors and strategies that can affect this communication. Data was collected for ten test teams within a large development organisation, in two main phases: (1) measuring cognitive and psychological distance between teams using interactive posters, and (2) five focus group sessions where the obtained distance measurements were discussed. We present ten factors and five strategies, and how these relate to inter-team communication. We see three types of arenas that facilitate inter-team communication, namely physical, virtual and organisational arenas. Our findings can support managers in assessing and improving communication within large development organisations. In addition, the findings can provide insights into factors that may explain the challenges of scaling development organisations, in particular agile organisations that place a large emphasis on direct communication over written documentation.

An integrated Hardware/Software Verification and Validation methodology for Signal Processing Systems

The testing and validation services team assesses project deliverables at various stages of development using innovative and effective verification and validation, to ensure that the deliverables are compliance with the customer specifications and requirements. Whenever new products and devices are released, completely integrated verification and validation services are delivered to accurate and complete records usability, performance, and quality assurance services. Throughout the product development and testing process, the testing and validation services team employs verification and validation techniques. Code reviews, walk through, inspections, desk-checking, and code execution are all examples of verification and validation techniques. Services for verification and validation are used to assess whether or not the software or application provided complies with the requirements and serves the intended purpose. A procedure used to ensure that the software created is of good quality and consistently operates as expected is independent testing and validation services. Unit testing (also known as “White Box Testing”), hardware-software integration testing (HSIT), and system testing are the three primary independent verification and validation approaches (Black Box Testing). The teams responsible for the verification and validation services actively participate in each stage of the project and design the services according to the project’s needs (e.g., prototype, spiral, iterative, V Model, and Agile). Our expertise in the embedded domain, tried-and-true verification and validation techniques, and a thorough methodology provide a quick turnaround and excellent results for the targeted solution. Independent Verification and validation services covering Source code, design, and requirements White box testing, or unit testing Testing for hardware-software integration Black box testing, or system testing To reduce test cycle-time significantly on test Automation solutions. Verification and validation techniques can be used to effectively and efficiently carry out stress and performance tests, and to detect defects early in the life cycle. Documentation of test process. Liaison and Certification

Making the Case for Disability Innovation: Opportunity at Concrete Change for the Disabled Community

Despite enormous progress by governments and non-governmental organizations worldwide for action-research projects and awareness of the public, people with disabilities still face much difficulty in their daily lives due to discrimination, non-visibility and ignorance. Using systematic literature review and observational research as research method, this paper will show that despite disability being a driver for innovation, designing for disability has remained an exclusive, niche and expensive market. This is set to change as more normal-abled persons face the possibility of someday developing symptoms associated with disabilities due to life circumstances and a growing elderly population. The need to include more people with disabilities in the workplace, not only as simple employees, but also as integral members of design, testing and decision-making teams will be emphasized. Some of the wide reaching examples of disability innovation are touched upon. Finally, an overview of disability and disability innovation in Mauritius is also given.

Multisite investigation of strategies for the clinical implementation of pre-emptive pharmacogenetic testing

Purpose:The increased availability of clinical pharmacogenetic (PGx) guidelines and decreasing costs for genetic testing have slowly led to increased utilization of PGx testing in clinical practice. Preemptive PGx testing, where testing is performed in advance of drug prescribing, is one means to ensure results are available at the time of prescribing decisions. However, the most efficient and effective methods to clinically implement this strategy remain unclear.Methods:In this report, we compare and contrast implementation strategies for preemptive PGx testing by 15 early-adopter institutions. We surveyed these groups, collecting data on testing approaches, team composition, and workflow dynamics, in addition to estimated third-party reimbursement rates.Results:We found that while preemptive PGx testing models varied across sites, institutions shared several commonalities, including methods to identify patients eligible for testing, involvement of a precision medicine clinical team in program leadership, and the implementation of pharmacogenes with Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium guidelines available. Lastly, while reimbursement rate data were difficult to obtain, the data available suggested that reimbursement rates for preemptive PGx testing remain low.Conclusion:These findings should inform the establishment of future implementation efforts at institutions considering a preemptive PGx testing program.

Early engagement with the wider patient community in early‐phase clinical trial design: Insights from the CareRing caregiver community in designing the Brainshuttle AD trial

AbstractBackgroundCaregivers and families of people with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) play a crucial role in the decision to participate in a clinical trial, and in supporting participants during the trial process. Early engagement with the wider patient community could enable the design of trials that are less burdensome for participants and caregivers. The CareRing initiative gathered caregiver insights on: participant/caregiver motivations for involvement in early phase clinical trials where no treatment benefit is expected; the role caregivers expect to play when loved ones participate in a trial; and holistic support that could help minimize the impact of trial participation on daily life.MethodSix Roche employees from different geographical regions with varying backgrounds and roles, who are caregivers for a person with AD, participated in two 60‐minute telephone calls. The calls included presentations of the Roche brain shuttle technology and draft protocol for the Phase IB/IIA Brainshuttle AD trial evaluating RO7126209 in prodromal or mild‐to‐moderate AD (NCT04639050), and allowed caregivers to provide input on the protocol and holistic support that could alleviate the burden of participation. Key insights/recommendations from caregivers were used to develop guidance on trial design and supporting materials.ResultFeedback suggested participants are motivated by being able to help others (including their families) avoid the suffering they experience, decreasing their sense of isolation, and access to state‐of‐the‐art care, testing, and neurology teams. Caregivers noted their participation goes far beyond study visits: they prepare participants for visits physically (e.g. washing, dressing) and mentally (e.g. detailing what visits will involve and supporting anxious or angry loved ones), accompany them on visits, and help participants recover from their change in schedule. Caregivers also carry the psychological burden of providing continual reassurance and being the sole person to answer participant’s questions, particularly until trust is built with the study team, and face challenges in taking time off and re‐organizing appointments where necessary.ConclusionCaregiver support and time commitments go far beyond study visits. The guidance provided by caregivers in the CareRing initiative has helped us adapt the design and holistic management of the Brainshuttle AD trial, and co‐create/refine specialized support for both caregivers and participants.