Series Of Tests Research Articles

Social credit system construction and entrepreneurial activity: A quasi-natural experiment from China

This study investigates the impact of the improved social credit environment on entrepreneurial activity. We conduct the time-varying difference-in-differences model based on the quasi-natural experiment of constructing China’s Social Credit System (SCS) and find that the implementation of this institution significantly improves entrepreneurial activity, which remains robust to a series of tests. Mechanism tests reveal that the SCS influences entrepreneurial activity through material, human, and social capital agglomeration effects, as well as by alleviating information asymmetry. Heterogeneity analysis demonstrates that the positive impact of SCS is more obvious in promoting entrepreneurial activity within private enterprises, high-tech, and manufacturing industries. Furthermore, this entrepreneurial effect is more pronounced in cities with lower administrative levels and on the southeast side of the Hu Huanyong Line.

Fire resistance of square double-skin concrete-filled steel tubular columns and concrete-filled double steel tubular columns

Square double-skin concrete-filled steel tubular (DSCFST) columns and concrete-filled double steel (CFDST) columns possess excellent load-carrying capacity and ductility. However, there has been limited research on the responses of DSCFST and square CFDST columns exposed to fire. This paper presents a series of tests on such columns loaded concentrically to determine the effects of the steel tube thickness, the strength of materials, load ratio, and boundary conditions on their fire resistance. Additionally, finite element (FE) models are established using ABAQUS, in which the concrete’s transient creep strain is considered through the development of the user-subroutine UEXPAN. A parametric study is undertaken by simulating 156 FE models to further study the behavior of DSCFST and CFDST columns under fire exposure. The fire test and numerical results suggest that both the load ratio and strengths of the internal tube and concrete core play significant roles in determining the fire resistance of DSCFST and CFDST columns. The developed FE models are demonstrated to capture well the fire behavior of loaded DSCFST and CFDST columns. The proposed design model predicts the ultimate loads of DSCFST columns with good accuracy; therefore, it can be employed in the practical design of DSCFST columns.

Adaptive large neighborhood search for drayage routing problems involving longer combination vehicles

Longer combination vehicles (LCVs)—tractor-trailer combinations with two or more trailers—can move more cargo per trip than standard trucks, potentially reducing costs and emissions. Acknowledging this, the drayage industry has recently launched initiatives to increase the adoption of LCVs, aiming to mitigate supply chain issues. This paper aims to support these kinds of initiatives by tackling drayage routing problems involving LCVs and further aspects, such as heterogeneous truck fleets, containers of any size and cargo category, and compatibility constraints based on the containers’ sizes and loads. As solution method, we propose an adaptive large neighborhood search (ALNS) heuristic, whose search operators account for aspects such as truck/container compatibility and load configurations specific to each truck. The proposed ALNS heuristic also incorporates a novel acceptance criterion that seeks to escape local optima while allowing for revisiting the current best solution and avoiding search stagnation. Through a series of benchmark tests against a state-of-the-art exact approach, we show that the proposed ALNS heuristic can consistently find high-quality solutions for a wide range of instances while, in some cases, cutting runtimes from hours or even days to a few minutes. We also show that the proposed acceptance criterion enables improved performance. Finally, we use the proposed ALNS heuristic to derive managerial insights into the savings delivered by different types of LCVs in drayage operations.

Strain Measurement for Composite Materials During Mechanical Testing Based on Fiber Bragg Grating Monitoring

Composite materials are widely used as repair materials in the oil and gas sector, particularly for vessels, piping, and pipelines. Inspection and monitoring of these composite repairs is a critical aspect of ensuring their integrity and long-term performance. The reason being that failure of composite repairs may lead to loss of production and incur additional costs for re-repair or equipment replacement. Conventionally, a visual inspection is generally performed to observe any irregularities on the external surface of the composite repairs. This will usually be followed by a series of Non-destructive Tests (NDT) to identify the extent of the damage. However, these NDT methods, merely allowing off-line testing in a local manner with complicated and heavy equipment, require extensive and time-consuming labour. Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) based on Fibre Bragg Grating (FBG) that utilizes strain-based signals is one of the best options for monitoring the damage mechanism in composite due to its unique advantages of light weight, high stability and reliability, a long-life cycle, and the ability to capture the online reading. In this paper, the application of the FBG monitoring approach was used to examine the strain characteristics of composite materials based on mechanical tests (tensile and flexural). Three types of samples were prepared to simulate the type of damage mechanism: healthy, delamination, and disbondment. Based on the results, it was shown that the FBG sensor has potential for detecting and distinguishing the types of failure mechanisms in composites, including cracks, delamination, and disbondment. Hence, it was suggested that the FBG sensor technology could be used for site deployment in industry.

Model based deep learning method for focused ultrasound pathway scanning

The primary purpose of high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), a non-invasive medical therapy, is to precisely target and ablate tumors by focusing high-frequency ultrasound from an external power source. A series of ablations must be performed in order to treat a big volume of tumors, as a single ablation can only remove a small amount of tissue. To maximize therapeutic efficacy while minimizing adverse side effects such as skin burns, preoperative treatment planning is essential in determining the focal site and sonication duration for each ablation. Here, we introduce a machine learning-based approach for designing HIFU treatment plans, which makes use of a map of the material characteristics unique to a patient alongside an accurate thermal simulation. A numerical model was employed to solve the governing equations of HIFU process and to simulate the HIFU absorption mechanism, including ensuing heat transfer process and the temperature rise during the sonication period. To validate the accuracy of this numerical model, a series of tests was conducted using ex vivo bovine liver. The findings indicate that the developed models properly represent the considerable variances observed in tumor geometrical shapes and proficiently generate well-defined closed treated regions based on imaging data. The proposed strategy facilitated the formulation of high-quality treatment plans, with an average tissue over- or under-treatment rate of less than 0.06%. The efficacy of the numerical model in accurately predicting the heating process of HIFU, when combined with machine learning techniques, was validated through quantitative comparison with experimental data. The proposed approach in cooperation with HIFU simulation holds the potential to enhance presurgical HIFU plan.

Rod bundle cooling by a spray system in spent fuel pool accident conditions

The knowledge of the phenomenology of loss of coolant/cooling scenarios in spent fuel pools is of prime interest since a huge amount of fission product can be released in accident conditions. In this context, the ASPIC facility is dedicated to the study of the heat transfers that occur at the scale of one rod bundle stored in a spent fuel pool cell. Investigations have been carried out on a full high assembly composed of 17 × 17 electrically heated rods. The water level in the cell is controlled and set, in this test series, so that about one meter of the assembly is uncovered. Therefore, the upper part of the assembly gets overheated unless some counter measure is undertaken. In this contribution, the ability of a spray system to limit the temperature rise of the uncovered part of the rod bundle is assessed. It has been observed that the water spray reduces the temperature level on the whole cross section of the assembly and lowers significantly the risk of degradation of the rod bundle. Besides, for a bundle heat power of 20kW, a spray mass flow rate of 10 gs−1 or higher leads to rod temperatures lower than 480°C.

Modelling and Characterisation of Orthotropic Damage in Aluminium Alloy 2024.

The aim of the work presented in this paper was development of a thermodynamically consistent constitutive model for orthotopic metals and determination of its parameters based on standard characterisation methods used in the aerospace industry. The model was derived with additive decomposition of the strain tensor and consisted of an elastic part, derived from Helmholtz free energy, Hill's thermodynamic potential, which controls evolution of plastic deformation, and damage orthotopic potential, which controls evolution of damage in material. Damage effects were incorporated using the continuum damage mechanics approach, with the effective stress and energy equivalence principle. Material characterisation and derivation of model parameters was conducted with standard specimens with a uniform cross-section, although a number of tests with non-uniform cross-sections were also conducted here. The tests were designed to assess the extent of damage in material over a range of plastic deformation values, where displacement was measured locally using digital image correlation. The new model was implemented as a user material subroutine in Abaqus and verified and validated against the experimental results for aerospace-grade aluminium alloy 2024-T3. Verification was conducted in a series of single element tests, designed to separately validate elasticity, plasticity and damage-related parts of the model. Validation at this stage of the development was based on comparison of the numerical results with experimental data obtained in the quasistatic characterisation tests, which illustrated the ability of the modelling approach to predict experimentally observed behaviour. A validated user material subroutine allows for efficient simulation-led design improvements of aluminium components, such as stiffened panels and the other thin-wall structures used in the aerospace industry.

Optimization of /locel 101 and Amylum as /illers in Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees.) Capsules /ormulation

Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees.) is an herbal plant that is beneficial for health due to its main chemical component, andrographolide. Sambiloto can be formulated into capsules to make it more practical and comfortable for consumption, mask the bitter taste, and guarantee dosage accuracy. This research aimed to determine the optimal concentration of Flocel 101 and amylum as capsule fillers to achieve the best physical properties of Sambiloto extract capsules. The study was conducted experimentally using 5 (five) formulas (F1, F2, F3, F4, and F5) with various concentrations of Flocel 101 and amylum. A series of tests were conducted on the physical properties of the capsule powder: organoleptic tests, water content, flowability, disintegration time, and average capsule weight. Additionally, quality control was performed by checking for microbial contamination through total plate count (TPC) and yeast and mold count (YMC) tests. The results of this research indicated that the F1 formula provided the best physical properties and met the requirements, with the appearance of a greenish-gray dry powder, water content of 6.88%, flow rate of 20 g/s, disintegration time of 15.5 minutes, average weight of 0.55 g, TPC 250 cfu/g, and YMC <10 cfu/g.

Changes in Surface Topography and Light Load Hardness in Thrust Bearings as a Reason for Tribo-Electric Loads

The article focuses on the findings of endurance tests on thrust bearings. In addition to the mechanical load (axial load: 10 ≤ C0/P ≤ 19, lubrication gap: 0.33 µm ≤ h0 ≤ 1.23 µm), these bearings are also exposed to electrical loads (voltage: 20 Vpp ≤ U0 ≤ 60 Vpp, frequency 5 kHz and 20 kHz), such as those generated by modern frequency converters. In a previous study, the focus was on the chemical change in the lubricant and the resulting wear particles. In contrast, this article focuses on the changes occurring in the metallic contact partners. Therefore, the changes in the surface topography are analysed using Abbott–Firestone curves. These findings show that tests with an additional electrical load lead to a significant reduction in roughness peaks. A correlation to acceleration measurements is performed. Moreover, it is shown that the electrical load possibly has an effect on the light load hardness. An increase in the occurring wear could not be detected during the test series. Also, a comparison with mechanical reference tests is made. The article finally provides an overview of different measurement values and their sensitivity to additional electrical loads in roller bearings.

The Effect of Carbon Trading Pilot Policy on Resource Allocation Efficiency: A Multiple Mediating Effect Model of Development, Innovation, and Investment

This study extends the existing research on carbon trading policies from the perspective of mediating effects. Based on the difference-in-differences method, this study helps to understand the relationship between China’s carbon trading policies and resource allocation efficiency. The study finds that carbon trading policy promotes the optimization of capital allocation efficiency but does not promote the optimization of labor allocation efficiency. This conclusion has passed a series of robustness tests. Moreover, our analysis shows that carbon trading policies can influence resource allocation efficiency through per capita GDP, foreign direct investment, and innovation levels using multiple mediating models. Factors such as market size, the number of emission entities, and the behavior of market participants affect the resource allocation efficiency in the carbon trading process. Finally, the spatial spillover effect of the carbon trading policy is verified. This paper provides empirical evidence and policy implications for achieving the dual carbon goal and sustainable development.

Horse Owners' Knowledge of Fundamental Care and their Perceptions on the Implementation of a Mandatory Certificate of Knowledge.

The aims of this study were to first determine the extent of owners' fundamental knowledge of equine care, second, gain their opinions on the implementation of a mandatory certificate of knowledge and third, to investigate the association of certification on horse owner knowledge. An online survey comprising 23 questions (18 closed, 5 open) was distributed worldwide via snowball sampling, and completed by 1847 horse owners who were all ≥18 years old from 17 different countries. Almost all (96%, n = 1781) completed surveys were usable. Just over half (52%) of participants held a current equine knowledge certification, and 59% believed a mandatory certificate of knowledge should be necessary to buy, own, or sell a horse. Horse owners with an equine certificate of knowledge were more likely to be in favor of a mandatory certificate (Pearson's Chi-squared = 50.79, df = 1, p < 0.0001). The mean correctly answered knowledge questions was 68%, indicating that approximately 1/3 of horse owners lacked fundamental horse care knowledge. Further examination indicated that participating horse owners showed the least understanding in the behavioral interactions domain (ANOVA F(4, 24) = 4.98, p < 0.01), specifically in relation to pain recognition and learning theory terminology. Arguably, this deficit in knowledge and likely correct application increases the risk of owners using misinformed or inappropriate techniques to manage horse behavior and training, predisposing the horse to experiencing a sub-optimal quality of life. Overall no significant difference was found between the total correct scores of horse owners with or without a certificate (ANOVA F(1, 56) = 0.78, p > 0.05); however, a series of Chi-squared tests revealed that for the more complex questions, horse owners with a certificate scored better than those without (all p < 0.05). Further work is needed to develop an evidence-based assessment framework if mandatory certification of horse owners is to become an effective tool for improving horse welfare and quality of life.

Microstructural evolution and mechanical behaviors of rock salt in energy storage: A molecular dynamics approach

The microstructure of rock salt significantly influences its macroscopic mechanical behaviors and deformation phenomena. Understanding the deformation and failure characteristics of rock salt at multiple scales is crucial for the secure and efficient functioning of energy storage in salt caverns. Although the macroscopic behaviors of rock salt are well understood, the microstructural changes occurring under uniaxial compression have not been thoroughly investigated. This study aims to investigate the evolving laws of rock salt microstructure and mechanical properties during the damage process, thereby providing a fundamental understanding of the underlying mechanism. To achieve this, a series of characterization tests on rock salt were conducted to study its microstructure and defects. Building on this, molecular dynamics simulations were utilized in rock mechanics to elucidate the mechanical behaviors, structural evolutions, and dislocation motions of rock salt during the damage process. The rock salt obtained from Qianjiang, China, is a polycrystalline material with an average subgrain size of 46 nm and an average dislocation density of 4.76 × 10−6 1/Å2. Uniaxial compression of single crystal NaCl exhibits three stages: elastic compression, rapid dislocation multiplication, and forest hardening. Scattered dislocations and isolated dislocation tangles trigger further plastic slippage, leading to decreased strength. Later, the formation of a dislocation cell network hinders further slip and reinforces the strength of rock salt. Plastic deformation is found to be a dominant factor in grain refinement and the formation of polycrystalline structures. Intergranular cracking results from cross-patterned dislocation lines on grain boundaries, which become vulnerable areas of the structure. This study describes the evolutionary process of rock salt microstructures and mechanical properties, identifies the micro-destruction mechanisms during the damage process at the ionic level, and provides insights into the micro-mechanical behavior of rock salt and for the design and stability assessment of underground energy storage facilities.

A Theoretical and Experimental Study on Asperity Damage-Driven Strain Rate Dependency of Fractured Coal

AbstractAsperities within pre-existing fractures of coals can experience local damage during the fracture closure due to external loading. Previous research postulates that this local asperity damage can lead to strain rate-dependency without causing permanent deformation to the bulk of the coal specimens. This study aims to comprehensively investigate this behavior by developing a theoretical model that characterizes the strain rate-dependency driven by fracture asperity damage in coal. To achieve this objective, an initial series of micro-scale mechanical tests are conducted on joint specimens to establish a model for effective stress acting on asperities. Building upon this model, a theoretical foundation is further developed to describe the strain rate-dependent asperity damage evolution and resulting energy dissipation. These frameworks are subsequently incorporated into elasticity and damage mechanics to capture the strain rate-dependent stress–strain relationships. To validate the proposed model across multiple scales, additional triaxial tests on core-scale specimen and micro-scale mechanical tests on joint specimens are performed. The experimentally measured strain rate-dependency aligns well with the predictions of the proposed model, indicating a successful development of a robust model. The results of the model developed in this study reveal that the strain rate-dependency in fractured coals is governed by several factors, including asperity damage, mechanical properties of the coal specimens and effective stress acting on asperities of pre-existing fractures within the bulk of coal. Moreover, it is shown that the effective stress acting on asperities is significantly affected by both applied normal stress and joint roughness coefficient (JRC). The insights derived from this study demonstrate that the strain rate-dependency induced by micro-scale asperity damage of pre-existing fractures leads to observable strain rate-dependency in bulk specimens at core-scale and the proposed model can adequately capture this behavior.

Psychometric evaluation of high-resolution electrotactile interface for conveying 3D spatial information

This study presents a detailed psychometric evaluation of a novel high-resolution electrotactile interface, which is developed to provide users with 3D spatial information and facilitate enhanced interaction with a Supernumerary Robotic Limb (SRL). The research introduces a novel electrotactile system that employs a multi-pad electrode configuration on the thigh, aimed at delivering intuitive feedback to users about the position of the SRL in a three-dimensional space. The interface's effectiveness was assessed through a series of psychometric tests, including static spatial discrimination, target-reaching with spatial feedback, frequency discrimination, and combined spatial/frequency modulation. The key findings demonstrate that participants could differentiate between 30 electrode pads with an average success rate of 62.7% when they were activated statically, while in the dynamic target-reaching task, the success rate increased to 88.1%. Frequency discrimination tests further revealed that four frequency levels could be distinguished with 86.0% success rate in single-pad feedback while the performance decreased to 74.3% in multi-pad distributed feedback. Finaly, in the closed-loop test with mixed spatial and frequency modulation, participants achieved an overall success rate of 78.8% in target reaching across 10 × 4 discrete 2D space. These results highlight the interface’s capability to transmit high-resolution spatial information through electrotactile feedback, offering a foundation for future applications in tactile-based navigation and control systems.

Instability of binary mixtures subjected to constant shear drained stress path: Insight from macro and micro perspective

AbstractLoose granular materials may also exhibit instability behaviors similar to liquefaction under drained conditions, commonly referred to as diffuse instability, which can be studied through constant shear drained (CSD) tests. So far, the research on CSD in binary mixtures is still insufficient. Therefore, a series of numerical tests using the discrete element method (DEM) were conducted on binary mixtures under CSD path. The possible model of instability is categorized into type I and type II, type I instability occurs prior to reaching the critical state line (CSL), whereas type II instability occurs after exceeding the CSL. The study analyzes the macroscopic instability behavior and the impact of fine content (FC) on macroscopic instability behavior. The numerical results show that as FC increases, the slope of the instability line (IL) increases initially and then falls in the p‐q plane. In the e‐p plane, the IL decreases initially and then ascends. The instability type of the binary mixtures is influenced not only by relative density but also by FC. The stability index increased first and then decreased with the increase of FC. The microscopic origin of binary mixtures instability is explored by investigating the fabric‐stress relationship. The collapse of the weak contact sub‐network triggers the specimen instability, while the strong contact sub‐network dictates the difficulty of achieving instability. FC influences the evolution of fabric anisotropy of the strong and weak contact networks, thereby controlling the macroscopic instability behavior of binary mixtures.

The installation behavior and capacity of piggy-backed anchors for offshore wind turbine

Piggy-backed anchors present a promising solution to address the limitations of single Drag Embedment Anchors (DEAs). A series of centrifugal model tests were performed on the installation of piggy-backed anchors with varying spacings and attachment points in saturated sand using a magnetometer system. The experimental results validated the proposed theoretical prediction model, which can identify the trajectory, capacity, orientation, and soil failure wedge slip surface. Key findings include: (1). the embedment depth of the second anchor in piggy-backed anchors is significantly greater than that of a single anchor, resulting in the total capacity of piggy-backed anchors exceeding twice that of a single anchor at appropriate spacing; (2). investigating spacing effects shows that capacities are less than twice that of the single anchors when spacing is less than 1Lf due to overlapping failure soil wedges; optimal spacing was found to be 2Lf to 3Lf; (3). piggy-backed anchors with attachment points at the back of fluke exhibit better embedment performance and capacity stability compared to those with attachment points at the padeye. Finally, the prediction model explored the capacity performance of piggy-backed anchors at different loading angles at the final embedment depth, revealing a two-stage failure process compared to single drag anchors.

Regional judicial capacity and corporate total factor productivity: Evidence from the establishment of circuit courts

The strategic importance of total factor productivity (TFP) in the high-quality development phase of enterprises is increasingly prominent, and understanding the impact of regional judicial capacity on corporate TFP is crucial. We treat the establishment of Circuit Courts as a quasi-natural experiment for regional judicial capacity and construct the staggered difference-in-differences model to examine how regional judicial capacity affects corporate TFP. We find that the establishment of Circuit Courts significantly enhances corporate TFP. Mechanism tests show that the establishment of Circuit Courts improves the macro-level market competition environment, legal environment, and contractual environment, enhances micro-level resource allocation efficiency, strengthens innovation capacity, reduces bribery expenses, eases financing constraints, and promotes specialized division of labor, thereby improving corporate TFP. The positive effects of Circuit Courts are more pronounced among firms in regions with higher levels of local protection and administrative intervention, lower levels of intellectual property judicial protection, weaker product market competition intensity, and among non-state-owned enterprises without political connections. Our results remain robust after a series of robustness and endogenous tests. Overall, this study not only reveals the important role of judicial capacity enhancement on enterprise development, but also provides evidence support for deepening the reform of the judicial system and improving the Circuit Courts system.

Polymer-based 3D printing of function-integrated optomechanics – design guidelines and system evaluation

PurposeThis study aims to extend the known design guidelines for the polymer-based fused filament fabrication (FFF) 3D printing process with the focus on function-integrated components, specifically optomechanical parts. The potential of this approach is demonstrated by manufacturing function-integrated optomechanics for a low-power solid-state laser system.Design/methodology/approachFor the production of function-integrated additively manufactured optomechanics using the FFF process, essential components and subsystems have been identified for which no design guidelines are available. This includes guidelines for integrating elements, particularly optics, into a polymer structure as well as guidelines for printing functional threads and ball joints. Based on these results, combined with prior research, a function-integrated low-power solid-state laser optomechanic was fabricated via the FFF process, using a commercial 3D printer of the type Ultimaker 3. The laser system's performance was assessed and compared to a reference system that employed commercial optomechanics, additionally confirming the design guidelines derived from the study.FindingsBased on the design goal of function integration, the existing design guidelines for the FFF process are systematically extended. This success is demonstrated by the fabrication of an integrated optomechanic for a solid-state laser system.Practical implicationsBased on these results, scientists and engineers will be able to use the FFF process more extensively and benefit from the possibilities of function-integrated manufacturing.Originality/valueExtensive research has been published on additive manufacturing of optomechanics. However, this research often emphasizes only cost reduction and short-term availability of components by reprinting existing parts. This paper aims to explore the capabilities of additive manufacturing in the production of function-integrated components to reduce the number of individual parts required, thereby decreasing the workload for system assembly and leading to an innovative production process for optical systems. Consequently, where needed, it provides new design guidelines or extends existing ones and verifies them by means of test series.

CARETestLung: A mechanical test lung with Configurable airway Resistance, lung Elastance, and breathing efforts

A mechanical test lung is a crucial tool in accurately simulating patient-specific physiological responses of patients undergoing mechanical ventilation (MV), which, in turn, offer clinicians insight into lung mechanics during MV. In particular, it can be used to facilitate better methods to identify optimal ventilator settings, modes for individual patients by providing a platform to experiment with different MV settings. This addresses the challenge of optimising MV settings caused by variability in pathological conditions and the progression of respiratory disease over time within patients. However, the accessibility and cost of versatile test lungs limit widespread adoption in clinical settings, underscoring the need for affordable alternatives. This paper presents detailed instructions for the design and construction of a replicable, cost-effective mechanical test lung. The design features 3 subsystems: 1) the lung compartment; 2) the airway; and 3) a spontaneous breathing system. A detailed tests series shows its ability to replicate clinically realistic lung elastance values ranging from 25 to 85 cmH2O/L and airway resistance values from 10 to 45 cmH2O·s/L. It can also simulate a range of clinically realistic spontaneous breathing patterns. These capabilities yield pressure and flow ventilation data comparable to certified clinical test lungs across diverse scenarios, as well as matching clinically observed behaviours and dynamics. This accessible and versatile test lung offers valuable opportunities for optimising MV settings and advancing patient care, as well as its use in developing a range of physiological models for model-based decision support.

Influence of the Composition of Provisional Luting Materials on the Bond Strength of Temporary Single-Tooth Crowns on Titanium Abutments.

In addition to zinc oxide-based cements, resin-based materials are also available for temporary cementation. The aim of this in vitro study was to determine the influence of the different material compositions on temporary bonds. In nine test series (n = 30), temporary bis-acrylate single-tooth crowns were bonded onto prefabricated titanium abutments with nine different temporary luting materials. After simulating an initial (24 h, distilled water, 37 °C), a short-term (7 days, distilled water, 37 °C) and a long-term provisional restoration period (12h, distilled water, 37 °C; thermocycling: 5000 cycles) in subgroups (n = 10), the bond strength was examined using a combined tensile-shear test. Statistical analysis was performed by univariate analysis of variance or a non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by post hoc tests. Of the three resin-based materials, two showed significantly higher bond strength values compared to all other materials (p < 0.001), regardless of the storage procedure. The resin-based materials were followed by eugenol-free and eugenol-containing zinc oxide materials. Significant intragroup differences were observed between the composite-based materials after all storage periods. This was only observed for some of the zinc oxide-based materials. The results show that under in vitro conditions, not only the composition of the temporary luting materials but also the different storage conditions have a significant influence on temporary bonds.