Results Of Antioxidant Activity Test Research Articles

Characterization and Antioxidant Activity Assay of Essential Oil Parts of Rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.)

Rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) is known as a plant whose calyx contain high levels of antioxidant bioactive compounds and good inhibitory power against free radicals. However, other parts of the rosella plant have not yet been utilized for their antioxidant content and activity. The aim of this research is to compare the profiles of essential oils of parts of the rosella plant (seeds, leaves and flower petals) and their antioxidant activity. This research method begins with the process of extracting essential oils using the water-steam distillation method. Furthermore, the profile of the essential oil is known from the results of yield calculations and characterization using the GC-MS instrument. The antioxidant activity was tested using the DPPH method. The yield of essential oils obtained was 0.0107% for seeds, 0.0087% for leaves and 0.0136% for flower petals. GC-MS characterization shows that the most abundant chemical components contained in the essential oils of seeds, leaves, and flower petals are fatty acid compounds (2-propanoic acid, butanoic acid, hexanoic acid) and esters (neopentyl isobutyrate). The results of the antioxidant activity test showed the IC50 value for each essential oil, namely, seeds: 30.15 μg/ml, leaves: 171.27 μg/ml and flower petals: 126.58 μg/ml. The compound characteristics obtained showed the best results for rosella seed essential oil, this was supported by the fairly high antioxidant activity test results IC50 <50 μg/ml. Keywords: Antioxidant activity, Characterization, Essential oils, IC50, Yield.

SERUM OF EXTRACT Onchidium Typhae USES HYDROXYETHYL CELLULOSE AND CARBOXYMETHYL CELLULOSE NATRIUM BASE AS ANTIOXIDANT

Antioxidants can prevent premature aging (anti-aging) and various types of cancer and increase body immunity. Empirically, Onchidiid slugs have been used as natural antioxidants. This study aimed to determine the antioxidant potency of the serum of Onchidiid slug ethanolic extract. The Onchidiid slug extract was obtained by maceration and was prepared to create two effective serum formulations. Formula A involved hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), while Formula B employed sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (Na-CMC) as gelling agent. The second serum formula was rigorously evaluated and subjected to antioxidant activity testing by the diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. The serum preparation with the best physical properties and antioxidant activity was serum A at a concentration of 1%. Physical test results showed that serum A had a yellow color with a distinctive smell and was homogeneous with a soft texture. The test results for the spreadability and stickiness properties of serum A were 6 cm2 and 1'55'' second. The serum A antioxidant activity test results showed moderate free-radical scavenging activity, with an IC50 value of 277 ppm. Keywords: Anti-aging, 2,2-diphenyl-1-pikrilhidrazyl, Onchidium typhae, Antioxidant

Synthesis, characterization, and antioxidant efficiency of CoCu/(βCDhis) complex

This report describes the synthesis of a bimetallic cobalt-copper complex of histidine-containing β-cyclodextrin (βCDhis) capable of efficiently scavenging superoxide radicals and peroxide anions. A blue-violet CoCu/(βCDhis) complex was prepared in mole ratios of 0.165:0.25:1:1 of Co:Cu:his:βCD in water and characterized using UV–vis, TGA-DTA, EDX, powder XRD and FT-IR analytical techniques. TGA analysis and XRD patterns showed that histidine was incorporated within the β-cyclodextrin ring. UV–Vis and FT-IR spectroscopy confirmed that the histidine CO group interacts with copper and cobalt metals. The results of antioxidant activity tests showed that CoCu/(βCDhis) complex has the highest catalase (88 %), and peroxidase activity (87 %) per 0.005 g of the complex. The imidazole group in histidine increases the solubility of the synthesized complexes and the ability to scavenge hydroxyl radicals, therefore histidine enhances their antioxidant potential.

Antibacterial and antioxidant activities in various parts of Artocarpuslacucha Buch. Ham. ethanolic extract.

Artocarpus lacucha is an endemic plant to North Sumatera, Indonesia. This plant has pharmacological activities, including acting as an antioxidant and antibacterial. The aim of the present study was to analyze the antibacterial and antioxidant activities, and determine the flavonoid compounds from four parts of A. lachuca, namely leaves, barks, twigs and fruits. Antioxidant activity was investigated using the 2,2-diphenyl 1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) methods. Antibacterial activity was analyzed using disk diffusion and microdilution methods. Several flavonoids, such as luteolin-7-O-glucoside, rutin, quercetin, kaempferol and apigenin, were determined using high performance liquid chromatography. Based on the antioxidant activity test results using the DPPH method, the bark ethanolic extract provided the highest antioxidant capacity, while the CUPRAC method indicated that the twig ethanolic extract had the highest antioxidant capacity. The antibacterial activity test results demonstrated that at a low concentration of 750 µg/disk the bark ethanolic extract obtained the highest inhibition zone and minimum inhibitory concentration level against six of nine pathogenic bacteria. Therefore, A. lachuca bark ethanolic extract could be potentially developed as antioxidant and antibacterial agents.

Optimization of accelerated solvent extraction, ultrasound assisted and supercritical fluid extraction to obtain carnosol, carnosic acid and rosmarinic acid from rosemary

Antioxidant activities of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) are related to the amount of phenolic compounds, mainly carnosol (C), carnosic acid (CA) and rosmarinic acid (RA). In this study, it was aimed to optimize the process conditions of accelerated solvent extraction (ASE), ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE), supercritical CO2 extraction (SFE) of rosemary to obtain the high amount of total C and CA in extract. A Box-Behnken design was applied to investigate and optimize the process variables. De-oiled rosemary by hydrodistillation, was used in the extractions. The amounts of C+CA were 18.92 mg/100 mg for ASE, 17.63 mg/100 mg for UAE, and 26.96 mg/100 mg for SFE at optimum conditions, respectively. The extract yields were 13.98% for ASE, 13.73% for UAE and %19.40 for SFE at optimum conditions. The results of antioxidant activity tests were almost the same for ASE and UAE, these were almost 2 fold higher for SFE than that of ASE and UAE. ASE, UAE and SFE were clean and environmentally friendly, green extraction techniques for extraction of C+CA in rosemary.

Acceptability and Antioxidant Activities of Jelly Drink Ginger (Zingiber officinale R.), Curcuma (Curcuma xanthorriza R.) and Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) Extract as A Healthy Drink Alternative for People with Hypercholesterolemia

This study aims to (1) determine the acceptability of ginger, curcuma and turmeric extract jelly drinks as an alternative healthy drink for people with hypercholesterolemia;(2) Knowing the best formula for ginger, curcuma and turmeric extract jelly drinks from the results of antioxidant activity tests. This study is an experimental study using a RAL design with 1 factor, namely the ratio of ginger, curcuma and turmeric extract (1:1:1, 2:1:1, 1:2:1, and 1:1:2). Data from hedonic test results and antioxidant activity tests were analyzed using 1-factor ANOVA test and continued with Duncan test with confidence intervals <0.05. The results of the hedonic test statistical analysis showed that the proportions of ginger, curcuma and turmeric extracts had no effect on the aroma, color, taste and thickness of the jelly drink. While the results of the statistical analysis of the antioxidant activity test showed that the proportions of ginger, curcuma and turmeric extracts had an effect on the antioxidant activity of the jelly drink. The best formula is ginger, curcuma and turmeric extract jelly drink (1:2:1) with the largest antioxidant activity of 77.52%.

Functional properties of Ganoderma lucidum extract: antimicrobial and antioxidant activities

This research was conducted to investigate the functional properties of Ganoderma lucidum extract. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated on some bacteria causing food spoilage like Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Antioxidant activity was investigated by examining the effect of the extract on DPPH and ABTS free radicals, determining the amount of total phenolic compounds and flavonoids. Based on the results, the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the extract were increased by increasing the concentration. Staphylococcus aureus showed the highest sensitivity to Ganoderma extract with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 50 and 100 μg/mL, respectively. The total phenols amount was equal to 383.727 milligrams of gallic acid equivalent per gram (mg GAE/g) of the extract and the total flavonoid was equal to 28.047 milligrams of quercetin equivalents per gram (mg QE/g) of extract. The results of antioxidant activity tests showed that the concentration of 400 μg/mL had the highest scavenging activity of 85.9 and 90.12% for DPPH and ABTS free radicals, respectively. Therefore, considering the potential antioxidant activity and the rich amounts of phenolic compounds in Ganoderma extract, it can be used in the pharmaceutical and food industries instead of synthetic antioxidants and other chemical preservatives to delay lipid peroxidation and prevent the growth of food pathogens.

Geniposidic Acid from Eucommia ulmoides Oliver Staminate Flower Tea Mitigates Cellular Oxidative Stress via Activating AKT/NRF2 Signaling

Eucommia ulmoides Oliver staminate flower (ESF) tea enjoys a good reputation in folk medicine and displays multiple bioactivities, such as antioxidant and antifatigue properties. However, the underlying biological mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether ESF tea can mitigate cellular oxidative stress. Crude ethyl alcohol extract and its three subfractions prepared by sequential extraction with chloroform, n-butyl alcohol and residual water were prepared from ESF tea. The results of antioxidant activity tests in vitro manifested n-butyl alcohol fraction (n-BUF) showed the strongest antioxidant capacity (DPPH: IC50 = 24.45 ± 0.74 μg/mL, ABTS: IC50 = 17.25 ± 0.04 μg/mL). Moreover, all subfractions of ESF tea, especially the n-BUF, exhibited an obvious capacity to scavenge the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and stimulate the NRF2 antioxidative response in human keratinocytes HaCaT treated by H2O2. Using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography, we identified geniposidic acid (GPA) as the most abundant component in ESF tea extract. Furthermore, it was found that GPA relieved oxidative stress in H2O2-induced HaCaT cells by activating the Akt/Nrf2/OGG1 pathway. Our findings indicated that ESF tea may be a source of natural antioxidants to protect against skin cell oxidative damage and deserves further development and utilization.

Assessment of the Bioaccessibility of Carotenoids in Goji Berry (Lycium barbarum L.) in Three Forms: In Vitro Digestion Model and Metabolomics Approach.

Goji berry (Lycium barbarum L., LBL) is a good source of carotenoids, while the bioaccessibility of various types of LBL carotenoids has not been explored. In the study, eight carotenoids, three carotenoid esters and two carotenoid glycosylated derivatives were identified by a non-targeted metabolomics approach. The dried LBL (DRI), LBL in water (WAT), and LBL in "Baijiu" (WIN) were used to recreate the three regularly chosen types of utilization, and the in vitro digestion model showed that the bioaccessibility of the carotenoids increased significantly from the oral to the gastric and intestinal phase (p < 0.05). The bioaccessibility of LBL carotenoids was the most elevated for DRI (at 28.2%), followed by WIN and WAT (at 24.9% and 20.3%, respectively). Among the three carotenoids, zeaxanthin dipalmitate showed the highest bioaccessibility (51.8-57.1%), followed by β-carotene (51.1-55.6%) and zeaxanthin (45.2-56.3%). However, the zeaxanthin from DRI exhibited significantly higher bioaccessibility (up to 58.3%) than WAT and WIN in both the gastric and intestinal phases (p < 0.05). Results of antioxidant activity tests based on DPPH, FRAP, and ABTS showed that the addition of lipids improved the bioaccessibility of the carotenoids. (p < 0.05).

Exploration And Antioxidant Analysis of Moringa Oleifera Using the DPPH Method

Moringa (Moringa oleifera) has the potential to be an ingredient of superfood and biopharmaceutical because it is rich in nutrients, vitamins, and other secondary metabolites. Moringa leaves contain antioxidants to neutralize and stabilize free radicals in the body. Moringa exploration is important for the purpose of finding trees to be used as sources of superior seeds. This study aimed to obtain a Moringa tree with the highest antioxidant content. An exploration had been carried out from June to July 2021 in four cities/regencies in West Sumatra, namely Padang City, Solok City, Pesisir Selatan Regency, and Solok Selatan Regency. Coordinate data were analyzed using ArcGIS, and antioxidant activity test results were analyzed using the DPPH method. From the exploration, 36 Moringa trees were found with different characters. The results of the testing of the antioxidant activity of leaf extracts showed that there were 3 parent trees that had high antioxidant activity, marked by the lowest IC50 values, namely those in Padang City (0.17%), Solok City (0.17%), and Solok Selatan Regency (0.19%).

Green Synthesis and Characterization of Libyan Propolis Nanoparticles and its Biological Activity

The ever-increasing demand for natural products and biotechnology, derived from bees and ultra-modernization of various analytical devices, has facilitated the rational and planned development of biotechnology products with a focus on human health to treat chronic and neglected diseases. This study aimed to prepare, characterize and examine the stability and evaluation of the antioxidant and the antibacterial activity of Libyan propolis. Propolis Nanoparticles PNP were prepared using particle size reduction, then Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) at a magnification of X 25000, was used for accurate evaluation of the size distribution of NPs. Three different concentration (10, 5, 2.5 mg/ml) of propolis and nano-propolis powder were tested for their 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity. The quantitative antioxidant activity test results using UV Spectrophotometer absorbance at 517 nm. The antibacterial activities of propolis and prepared nano propolis at different concentrations (10, 5 and 2.5mg/ml) were tested on bacterial strain, Klebsiella, human mouth, skin, and surface bacteria using cup cut diffusion method. The findings exhibited that the prepared propolis Nanoparticles (PNPs) were generally non-spherical with a size 100-200 nm. The PNP was a nano-sized particle around 316 nm in diameter. Zeta potential of PNP showed a negative surface charge value (− 48 mV) which was sufficiently high to avoid NPs aggregation. This value represents a stable and dispersed suspension of NPs and disables the tendency of aggregations in a short in period of time. Poly dispersity index (PdI) of synthetized PNP was used as a measurement of the size distribution. PdI values for PrNP were generally uniform with PdI 0.3 indicating monodispersity of the prepared systems. The propolis and PNPs displayed good antioxidant activity with inhibition percentage (77%, 46% and 18%) for propolis and (82%, 66% and 37%) for PNPs. Propolis nanoparticles showed to have more antibacterial effect compared to propolis. Libyan propolis nanoparticles has shown to be potential candidates as antioxidant and antibacterial agent.

Aktivitas Penghambatan Radikal Bebas Difenil Pikril Hidrazil (DPPH) Ekstrak Daun Macaranga magna Turrill

Degenerative disease is a disease that has a large number of sufferers in Indonesia and throughout the world, one of the causes of many sufferers of degenerative diseases such as diabetes and cancer is the large amount of exposure to free radicals in the body as a result of an unhealthy lifestyle. Antioxidant compounds are one of the chemical compounds that can be used and utilized to inhibit the oxidation process as a result of the presence of free radicals, so that the incidence of degenerative diseases can be suppressed. In this study, the active extraction and fractionation process from Macaranga magna Turrill leaves which have antioxidant activity and can be developed as a compound inhibiting the oxidation process of free radicals using the chromatographic method, as well as testing the antioxidant activity using the free radical inhibition method 1,1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Preliminary test results of antioxidant activity on the methanol extract of Macaranga magna Turrill leaves are known that this plant has potential as an antioxidant with an IC50 value of 11.13 ?g/mL, this is also supported by the test results of total flavonoids 19.47 mg QE/g extract and total phenol 37, 77 mg GAE/g extract.

Preparation of blueberry anthocyanin liposomes and changes of vesicle properties, physicochemical properties, in vitro release, and antioxidant activity before and after chitosan modification.

The preparation of blueberry anthocyanin liposomes (BAL) was optimized by response surface methodology. Then, chitosan was used to modify BAL and the environmental stability, in vitro release, and antioxidant activity studies of anthocyanin liposome (An‐Lip), and chitosan‐modified anthocyanin liposome (CS‐An‐Lip) was studied. The results showed that the particle size, zeta potential, and entrapment efficiency of BAL were 210.7 ± 1.8 nm, ‐ 20.0 ± 1.0 mV, and 82.13%, respectively. After chitosan modification, the encapsulation efficiency and zeta potential of anthocyanin liposomes were improved. The results of environmental stability analysis showed that under certain conditions, the addition of chitosan could stabilize the color characteristics of anthocyanins and the loading amount of anthocyanins (LC%). In vitro release and simulated gastrointestinal digestion experiments showed that the addition of chitosan not only prolonged the sustained‐release time of anthocyanins, but also prolonged the residence time of anthocyanins in vivo, giving full play to the drug effect. In addition, the antioxidant activity test results showed that CS‐An‐Lip increased the antioxidant activity of anthocyanins.

Antioxidant Activity Test Of Endophyte Fungi Extract From Kayu Jawa (Lannea coromandelica (Houtt.) Merr.) Roots Using Dpph Method (2,2-Diphenyl-1-1-Picrylhydrazyl)

Indonesia has abundant and diverse natural resources from land and sea. These biological natural resources can be explored as medicinal materials well-sourced from plants, animals, or microorganisms. Endophytic fungus is a microbial resource that grows in plant tissues that can produce compounds that have the same efficacy as the host plant. Zulfa (2016) has successfully isolated the endophytic fungi from kayu Jawa (Lannea coromandelica) roots and extracted the extracts with given code A11KA, A11KB, A12KC, A12KD, A21KK, A22KJ, AP12A, AP13L, AP21C, and AP32I. Other activities in these extracts besides antibacterial activity need to be tested. So this study was conducted to test the antioxidant activity of the extract with the DPPH method and used vitamin C positive control. Fifteen samples were obtained in this study, they are MeOH A11KA; MeOH A11KB; MeOH A12KC; MeOH A12KD; MeOH A21KK; MeOH AP12A; MeOH AP13L; MeOH AP12C; MeOH AP321; EA A11KA; EA A12KC; EA AP321; EA AP12A; EA AP13L; EA A22KJ from methanol fractions (MeOH) and ethyl acetate fraction (EA). The antioxidant activity test results showed that only six samples were potential as antioxidants. Value of AAI (Antioxidant Activity Index) EA A12KC; EA A11KA; MeOH A11KA; EA AP321; MeOH AP21C; EA A22KJ and vitamin C are 2.27 (very strong), 2.07 (very strong), 1.78 (strong), 1.19 (strong), 0.81 (medium), 0.53 (medium) and 11.67 (very strong) respectively. The result of antioxidant analysis using GC-MS showed only EA A11KA showing the presence of phenol compound, the largest phenol compound in this sample was phenol, 2,4-bis (1,1-dimethyl ethyl).

DETERMINATION OF QUALITY PARAMETERS AND TEST ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF 70% ETHANOL EXTRACT OF SEROJA LEAVES (NELUMBO NUCIFERA GAERTN.)

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluated the quality parameters and analyzed the antioxidant activity of seroja leaves Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.
 Methods: The quantification of the chemical compound was determined by its total phenol and flavonoid levels. The evaluate the antioxidant activity was determined by the comparability of the four common radical scavenging assays using 2,2′-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS); 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical; cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC); ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP); and 2-thiobarbituric acid (TBA) methods.
 Results: The results of phytochemical screening for simplicia powder and 70% ethanol extract of seroja leaves contain secondary metabolites of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, coumarin, quinones, and triterpenoid steroids. The results of the determination of the quality parameters meet the requirements of quality and safety standard of the medicinal herb. The result of the determination of total phenol content from 70% ethanol extract of Seroja leaves was 181.62±0.82 mg GAE/g extract. The results of the determination of total flavonoid levels from 70% ethanol extract of seroja leaves amounted to 289.83±1.04 mg QE/g extract. The results of antioxidant activity tests using the ABTS, DPPH, and TBA methods showed IC50 respectively 287.7 mg/l, 22.3 mg/l, and 352.6 mg/l and CUPRAC and FRAP methods had an antioxidant capacity of 160.76±0.35 and 253.36±0.48 mg AAE/g extract.
 Conclusion: Seroja leaves (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) have the potential to be used as an antioxidant medicinal herb and its extract meet the standard of quality control and safety.

Analysis of antioxidant activity on cocktail honey products as female pre-conception supplements

ObjectiveCocktail honey is derived from a mixture of honey (trigona sp.), bee bread, and homogeneous royal jelly. The material has a phenolic content rich in antioxidants that are beneficial for women's reproductive health, especially for pre-conception, because it can suppress the content of free radicals in the body. Antioxidants are useful to overcome oxidative damage due to free radicals in the body that prevent various diseases from increasing fertility during pre-conception. MethodThis study used the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) test method using UV–vis spectrophotometry to express the value of free radical reduction activity as IC50 (inhibitory concentration) values. ResultsThe DPPH test on cocktail honey products obtained an average yield of 4577.7μg/mL, which was included in the product category was very weak in the antioxidant activity content. ConclusionThe content contained in the honey cocktail contains weak bioactive content by assessing the antioxidant content using DPPH. The difference in the results of antioxidant activity tests using DPPH is caused by the test method and the conditions used in processing, homogeneous ingredients, solvent volume, extraction time, temperature, and pressure in product management.

PRODUCTION, PURIFICATION AND INHIBITION OF ALGINATE LY-ASE FROM LOCAL ISOLATE OF PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA NA11

The point of this study was for determine of the optimum conditions and purification of alginate lyase from local isolate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa NA11, and inhibition of enzyme by various plant extracts. Forty local isolate s of pathogenic Pseudomonas aeruginosa were screened for their ability to produce alginate lyase. Local isolate of P.aeruginosa NA11 showed the maximum efficiency for produce of alginate lyase with high specific activity (14.4 U/mg). Several factors that influence on alginate lyase production from local isolate of P.aeruginosa NA11 were studied, these factors included the type of media, carbon source, nitrogen source, the incubation temperature, pH, and the incubation period. The highest yield of alginate lyase was obtained with the A medium supplemented with 0.5 % of glucose and sodium nitrate at pH 7.5 after 24 hr. incubation at 37 °C. Two chromatographic techniques were used for purification of alginate lyase after precipitation by ammonium sulphate with saturated ratio (0-70 %), including, ion exchange chromatography by DEAE-cellulose and gel filtration by Sephadex G-100. The two steps gave the specific activity of 155.8 U/mg protein, the purification fold was 4.15 and enzymatic yield was 64 %. The molecular weight of partial purified alginate lyase was 57 KDa. The results of antioxidant activity tests for different plants extracts utilizing DPPH radical scavenging activity were showed that the saad extract has high antioxidant activity (71 %) more than other plants extracts. While the results for inhibition experiment of alginate lyase were demonstrated that saad extract was the best inhibitor with inhibition ratio of 86 %.

PENENTUAN POTENSI EKSTRAK KULIT BATANG TUMBUHAN SIKKAM (Bischofia javanica Blume) SEBAGAI ANTIOKSIDAN DENGAN METODE DPPH DAN SITOTOKSIK DENGAN METODE BSLT

This study aims to determine the level of antioxidant activity of Sikkam bark extract (Bischofia javanica Blume) and its potential as an anticancer agent. This research was conducted in November 2018 - April 2019 in the Laboratory of Chemical Education Guidance and Counseling and Basic Science Laboratory, University of Bengkulu. The sample in this study was obtained from Gunung Mariah village in Simalungun district, North Sumatra. The method used in this study was extraction using maceration, liquid-liquid fractionation, phytochemical test, DPPH (Diphenylpicrylhiydrazyl) test and BSLT test (Brine Shrimp Lethality Test). Extraction maceration using ethanol 96%, fractionation using a solvent n-hexane and ethyl acetate, phytochemical tests using Mayer's reagent, Lieberman-Burchard, FeCl3 1% and H2SO4 2N, antioxidant test using DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) and cytotoxic tests using shrimp Artemia salina Leach larvae. The results of the study on maceration of 800 grams of Sikkam bark obtained a crude extract of 53.6 grams (6.7%). Fractionation from 10 grams of crude extract obtained 7.24 gram ethanol fraction (72.4%), ethyl acetate fraction 2.14 gram (21.4%) and n-Hexane fraction 0.39 gram (3.9%). Phytochemical test results obtained the content of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins and terpenoids with the highest yield on tannin compounds. The antioxidant activity test results obtained IC50 values in crude extracts of 20.94 ppm, ethanol fraction 36.29 ppm, ethyl acetate fraction 83.28 ppm and n-Hexane fraction 39.13 ppm which showed that crude extract, ethanol fraction, n-Hexane fraction were categorized as very strong antioxidants and Ethyl acetate fraction is categorized as a strong antioxidant. The cytotoxic test results using crude extract obtained an LC50 value of 54,827 ppm which showed that Sikkam bark extract was toxic so that it was potential as an anticancer agent.

Antioxidant activity ethanol extract of gotu kola (Centella asiatica (L.) Urban) with DPPH method (2,2-Diphenyl-1-Pikrilhidrazil)

Unhealthy lifestyles and air pollution cause the number of free radicals in the body to increase. To protect the body from free radicals, there are antioxidant compounds as an antidote and stabilize free radicals. One of the Indonesian plants that can be used as antioxidants is gotu kola (Centella asiatica (L.) Urban. Objective: This study aims to determine the antioxidant activity of the ethanol extract of gotu kola herb using the DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-pikrilhidrazil) method. with IC50 value. Method: Gotu kola (Centella asiatica (L.) Urban) was extracted by the soxhletation method using 96% ethanol solvent. The testing of antioxidant activity was carried out using the DPPH (2.2 Diphenyl-1-Pikrihydrazil) method. Result: Test results of antioxidant activity The ethanol extract of gotu kola herb showed an IC50 value of 78.20 ppm. Conclusion: This indicated that the ethanol extract of gotu kola herb was included in the criteria for strong antioxidants.

Formulation and Evaluation of Antioxidant Peel-Off Face Mask Containing Red Dragon Fruit Rind Extract (Hylocereus polyrhizus Haw.)

Peel-Off face mask is one of the cosmetics that is used to treat skin from free radicals. Peel-off face mask can minimize the effects of free radicals because it contains antioxidant. One of the antioxidant sources is red dragon fruit’s rind (Hylocereuspolyrhizus Haw.). The aim of this study is to obtain Peel-Off face mask of red dragon fruit’s rind extract that contains anthocyanin. Red dragon fruit’s rind was macerated by ethanol 96%, ethyl acetate and n-hexane added citric acid (4:1) solvents. TLC test used Chloroform: ethyl acetate: n-butanol (5:4:1) eluent and sprayed by AlCl3. Antioxidant activity of extract was tested using DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2-Picryhidrazyl) method. Peel-Off face mask was made using PVA, HPMC, methyl paraben, propylparaben, propylenglycol, extract, ethanol 96% and aquadest. The rendemen of ethanol 96% extract was 9,476%, ethyl acetate extract was 0,783% and n-hexane extract was 0,631%. The results of TLC test showed yellow spots on the ethyl acetate and ethanol 96% extracts which indicated that extract contained flavonoids (anthocyanin). The results of antioxidant activity test showed that IC50 value of ethanol 96% extract was 189,7422 (AAI=0,2087), ethyl acetate extract was 196,9398 (AAI=0,2011), and n-hexane extract was 385,3664 (AAI=0,1027). The result of the product evaluations showed that all the formulas complied the product requirements such as the organoleptic, homogenity, pH, dispersive power and drying time. Peel-off face mask already meet the product requirements but further research is needed to test the product stability and activity.