Test Questions Research Articles

An Application Research on continuation Writing in English College Entrance Examination from the Perspective of POA

This paper explores the application of high school English writing mode based on the theory of production-oriented approach (POA). It mainly introduces the theory and steps of the POA, and application of the high school English reading, in order to cultivate the learners' thinking mode and the ability of comprehensive language use. Through the in-depth analysis of the January 2021 Zhejiang College Entrance Examination English reading and writing test questions, this paper analyzes the practical significance of writing in high school English teaching by combining the theory of POA and specific teaching practice, with a view to improving the efficiency of the continuation writing classroom and enhancing the students' ability to learn and use.

An Analysis of English Mid-Term Test Items at the 7th Grade Students of SMPN 7 Bukittinggi

This study was motivated by several problems, such as the mismatch between the test questions and the material learned, unclear question instructions, and the lack of statistical analysis by English teachers. The main objective of this study was to identify the quality of English midterm test items for grade 7th students at SMPN 7 Bukittinggi, focusing on Validity, Reliability, difficulty level, Discrimination Power, and Distractor Effectiveness. The research method used was Quantitative Descriptive, with data collection through student answer sheets and analysis using various statistical formulas, including Point Biserial Correlation for validity, Spearman-Brown for reliability, and Narsya's formula for difficulty level and differentiating power, as well as Djumingin's formula for effectiveness. The results showed that most of the items were valid, and reliable, had a moderate difficulty level, and had good discriminating power, with only a few items showing minor problems. Overall, the English midterm exam items were considered good quality.

The Profile of Students' Science Process Skills on Heat and Its Transfer Content Using an Ethnoscience Approach (Uha Food Making in Liang Village, Central Maluku)

Physics learning can be carried out by involving cultural elements in it. One approach that can be used is ethnoscience—an integrated physics learning with the culture of making the typical food of the Liang Village Community in Central Maluku Regency, namely Uha. The production process of Uha can be used to teach the concept of heat and its transfer and also to train science process skills to students. This research involved 23 students who were residents of Liang Village. The instrument for data collection was a set of 13 science process skills test questions. Students’ worksheets were analyzed descriptively. Based on the analysis results, each process skill indicator were found to be poor. Thus, it can be concluded that the students’ science process skills still need to be trained in an integrated manner in physics learning activities in the classroom. Keywords: science process skills, ethnoscience

Pengaruh Literasi Finansial dan Pengelolaan Uang Saku Terhadap Perilaku Menabung dengan Kontrol Diri sebagai Variabel Mediasi

Internal and external factors can cause each individual to have different characteristics and tendencies in terms of saving. This research aims to determine the influence of financial literacy and pocket money management on saving behavior at the Unesa Faculty of Economics and Business which is mediated by self-control. The purposive sampling technique used in this research was 100 FEB Unesa students. Data collection methods are carried out through test questions and questionnaires. Data processing in this study used SPSS version 25 software, the research results showed that: 1) there is no influence between financial literacy on saving behavior, 2) there is a significant positive influence between financial literacy and self-control, 3) there is a significant positive influence between self-control on saving behavior, 4) there is a significant positive influence between pocket money management on saving behavior, 5) there is a significant positive influence between pocket money management on self-control, 6) self-control is able to mediate financial literacy and pocket money management on saving behavior, 7) Self-control is able to mediate pocket money management on saving behavior.

You say potato, I say vegetable; you say tomato, I say fruit: Cognitive validity of food group-based dietary recall questions

BackgroundThere is a need for valid, standardized approach for list-based questionnaires to measure food group consumption for indicators of diet quality including dietary diversity. ObjectiveA common method for collecting dietary diversity data consists of open-ended food group questions, e.g. Yesterday, did you eat any vegetables, such as cucumber, cabbage, or celery? We sought to examine the cognitive validity of open-ended questions that require respondents to categorize foods, and closed-ended alternatives using sentinel foods. MethodsPretesting and 83 cognitive interviews were conducted in five languages in São Paulo and New York City in 2018. In structured interviews, respondents were asked to describe their thought processes in answering each question. Their feedback and responses to closed-ended and open-ended food group questions were compared. The Gallup World Poll then piloted two versions of the questionnaire in a nationally representative sample of 1,000 in Brazil in 2018. ResultsRespondents in all settings miscategorized foods when asked open-ended food group questions (0-82%, depending on the food group), respondents varied in their ability to think of other foods that belonged to specified food groups (35-50% could think of any items), and open-ended questions presented an additional cognitive burden. There were no significant differences between the results from closed-ended and open-ended questions in the national pilot test. In the context of a multi-topic survey, the finalized questionnaire took 3-5 minutes, had no additional training requirements, and enumerators reported similar ease in administration as other survey modules. ConclusionsFor data collection on food group consumption, open-ended questions requiring respondents to categorize foods present cognitive validity problems. Closed-ended questions using sentinel foods reduce or eliminate ambiguity, presenting lower cognitive burden and greater comprehension. Based on these results, the closed-ended method has been adopted in international survey platforms for measuring dietary diversity and other aspects of diet quality.

Pengaruh Model Direct Instruction Berbantuan LKPD terhadap Kemampuan Literasi Statistis Kelas V SDN 13 Pontianak Utara

This study examines the effectiveness of the Direct Instruction learning model, enhanced by LKP, on statistical literacy skills in statistics among fifth-grade students at SDN 13 Pontianak Utara. An experimental design with a quasi-experimental approach was employed, involving a sample of 47 fifth-grade students. Data collection utilized test questions, which were analyzed using descriptive statistics and an independent samples t-test with SPSS version 22. The impact of the Direct Instruction model on students' statistical literacy was assessed using the effect size formula. The findings reveal that: (1) the learning process utilizing the Direct Instruction model supported by LKPD was implemented as intended and adhered to the established materials, (2) a significant difference exists in statistical literacy skills between students who engaged with the Direct Instruction model supported by LKPD and those who did not, and (3) the effect of this instructional model on statistical literacy skills is considered substantial, with an effect size of0.91.

Analysis of Students Problem Solving Abilities Using Contextual Learning on Colloid Material at SMAS Pertiwi

Many students do not have good problem solving skills in solving problems in everyday life, especially in chemistry learning. Therefore, analysis of students' problem solving abilities is needed to determine the level of problem solving abilities in chemistry learning, especially in colloidal systems material in everyday life. The purpose of this study is to describe how students use cooperative learning, specifically contextual learning, to solve problems. The goals of this study will be accomplished since the data collected will take the shape of words or utterances derived from the outcomes of interviews and Polya's problem-solving abilities. The use of this innovative learning media is supported by a contextual learning model. The type of research used in this study is qualitative research with a descriptive approach. This research procedure includes: (1) preparation stage; (2) implementation stage and (3) Final Stage. The problem solving ability of class XI students of SMAS Pertiwi Medan is at the "very good" level with a total of 24 students and a percentage of 39% of the total 62 students. The difficulty in answering problem solving ability test questions that students often experience is not understanding the story content of the test questions given.

Differentiated National Education: Impact on Elementary Students' Nationalistic Insight

The lack of nationalistic insight among elementary school students served as the driving force for this study. This led to the creation of a differentiated nationalistic education learning model based on social and emotional learning that needed to be tested for effectiveness. This study sought to ascertain how elementary school children's nationalistic insight was impacted by a differentiated national education learning model based on social and emotional learning. Two hundred elementary school pupils participated in this quasi-experimental study. Test questions were used to examine nationalistic insight. The Jamovi application was used to examine the measurement findings using an independent sample for the t-test. According to the findings, students who participated in differentiated nationalistic education based on social and emotional learning and those who attended conventional nationalistic education differed significantly in their nationalistic understanding. This finding demonstrated the impact of a differentiated national education learning model based on social and emotional learning on primary school students' nationalistic insight. Elementary school teachers should use this research's implications as a guide to help students develop a nationalistic insight

PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN SCRAPBOOK UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN MEMBACA SISWA KELAS II SEKOLAH DASAR

This research aims to describe the development of scrapbook learning media to improve the reading skills of second grade elementary school students. The research was carried out using the ADDIE Research and Development model, with stages of analysis, design, development, implementation and evaluation. The sampling technique was purposive sampling with a total of 63 students. Data collection tools include observation, questionnaires, test questions, and documentation. The trial design uses one group pretest-posttest design. The test subjects were classes IIA, IIB and IIC at SDN 12 Jerora Sintang. The results of media development research and the results of students' reading skills are as follows. (1) The feasibility of the media by media experts was 97% and 93% by material experts was declared to be very feasible criteria and worthy of being tested on students. (2) The results of small group students' reading skills in the pretest class IIB were 23% while the posttest was 86% and in the large group trial in the pretest class IIA 32% while the posttest was 86%, then the pretest class IIC was 27% while the posttest was 82%, from the data the results were obtained. students' reading skills improved significantly. (3) The response of the small group of students in class IIB was 89%, while the large group in class IIA was 93% and in class IIC 92% was categorized as very good.

The Effect of Implementation Socio-Scientific Issue Approach in the Context of Controversial Environmental Issues on Students' HOTS (Higher Order Thinking Skills)

This research aims to see the influence of the SSI approach in the context of controversial environmental issues on chemistry students' HOTS abilities. The research method used was quasi-experimental with a post-test-only control group design. The research subjects were 26 students in class A of the chemistry education study program as the control class and 21 students in the ICP class of the chemistry education study program as the experimental class. The instruments used are observation sheets and test questions that measure students' HOTS abilities. The results of this study show that the average post-test score of the experimental class using the SSI approach was 80.15, while the average score of the control class was 60.5. The t-test shows that this difference is statistically significant with a p-value of 1.122 x 10-5, well below the 0.05 significance level. Because the p-value obtained is much smaller than 0.05, we can reject the null hypothesis (H0), which states that there is no significant difference between the two groups. These results indicate that the SSI approach in the context of controversial environmental issues has a positive influence on chemistry students' HOTS abilities in electrochemical concepts.

Practicality and effectivity of figma-ctllm on poaceae diversity topic in developing critical thinking skills

Creating creative, innovative, and effective learning to improve critical thinking skills along with the rapid development of ICT is a challenge for educators. Therefore, Figma CTL Learning Media (Figma-CTLLM) is a solution to the problem of answering the importance of developing learning media integrated with ICT while developing students' critical thinking skills. This study aims to describe the practicality of Figma-CTLLM on Poaceae diversity in developing critical thinking skills and to describe the effectiveness of Figma-CTLLM on the topic of Poaceae diversity seen from critical thinking skills and student responses. This type of research is Research and Development (R&D) research using the 4D model method (Define, Design, Develop and Disseminate). The research subjects consisted of 26 students. The research instruments were observation sheets to measure the implementation of Figma-CTLLM, CTS test questions sheets and questionnaires to determine student responses. The data analysis technique was quantitatively descriptive by calculating the percentage to describe the practicality and effectiveness of Figma-CTLLM implementation in developing CTS. The results of the analysis of the practicality test of Figma-CTLLM implementation in learning are in the category of very practical. The effectiveness test results were declared very effective by acquiring the average CTS measurement and the average student response assessment. Based on the study's results, the implementation of Figma-CTLLM in learning the diversity of Poaceae has met the criteria of practicality and effectiveness.

PENGEMBANGAN LEMBAR KERJA PESERTA DIDIK BERBASIS DISCOVERY LEARNING PADA MATERI SISTEM PENCERNAAN MANUSIA

The background to this research is the development of student worksheets based on Discovery Learning. This research aims to produce interactive learning media products on the human digestive system that are valid, practical and effective. This type of research is the development of the PLOMP model. The research method used in this research is research and development. This research was tested on 20 class VIII students at SMP Negeri 1 O'o'u. To standardize products, three test stages are carried out, namely: validity test, practicality test, effectiveness test. The instruments used are assessment questionnaires using a Likert scale and evaluation test questions to determine student learning outcomes. The research results show that the Discovery Learning-based LKPD is very valid with a presentation of 85% and is suitable for use. The average value of practicality assessed by teachers is 3.48 and students are 3.64 in the very practical category. Student motivation results are at 86% with a cognitive average of 88.7. The suggestion given by the researcher is that science-biology subject teachers should use LKPD as teaching materials in the teaching and learning process because it can increase students' interest and motivation to learn. Through this teaching material, students can broaden their horizons regarding science-biology learning on the subject of the human digestive system. For future researchers, this student worksheet can be used as reference material in research

THE INFLUENCE OF GENERIC SKILLS ON GENDER DIFFERENCES IN SCIENTIFIC PROCESSING AND CRITICAL THINKING IN PHYSICS MOTION DYNAMICS

This study investigates the gender differences in generic skills, scientific process abilities, and critical thinking among high school students during physics learning, specifically within motion dynamics. The research aims to uncover the impact of generic skills on students' scientific processing and critical thinking abilities while examining how gender influences these cognitive domains. Employing a comparative quantitative research design, data were gathered from 180 students (90 male and 90 female) in Jambi City using observation sheets, test questions, and questionnaires. The sample was selected through simple random sampling, and statistical analyses were performed to examine the differences in learning outcomes between genders. Results revealed notable gender disparities in generic skills, scientific processing, and critical thinking, with male and female students demonstrating distinct proficiencies in physics learning. This underscores the necessity of adopting gender-sensitive educational approaches to foster equitable learning experiences. The uniqueness of this research lies in its detailed exploration of the interconnectedness between generic skills, scientific processing, and critical thinking within the framework of gender. Unlike prior studies, which often focus on isolated skills, this study integrates these core competencies to provide a more holistic understanding of how gender influences physics learning. The findings emphasize the need for inclusive curricula and gender-tailored instructional strategies that promote equal opportunities for all students in science education, particularly in physics, thus contributing to a more balanced and equitable academic environment.

Innovation of Learning Tools Based on the Caplaire Model to Improve Scientific Literacy Skills

This research aims to produce a Student Worksheet based on the Caplaire Model to improve scientific literacy skills for Elementary School Teacher Education students that is valid, practical, and effective. This research is development research using the ADDIE model which includes 5 stages, namely: Analyze, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. The research instruments used in product development consist of material expert validation and design expert validation instruments, student response questionnaire instruments to products, and product effectiveness test question instruments. The data analysis technique used in this research was quantitative and qualitative descriptive data analysis. The research results obtained were: 1) The results of the material expert validation test using the material expert validation instrument obtained a score of 84% with a very feasible category; 2) The results of the design expert validation test using the design expert validation instrument obtained a score of 86% with a very feasible category; 3) The results of the practicality test using the lecturer response questionnaire instrument obtained a score of 85% in the very practical category; 4) The results of the effectiveness test using question instruments for students showed an increase in scores in the initial test and final test, in the initial test the average score was 60.8 and in the final test the average score was 82.8. So, through this development research, student worksheets based on the Caplaire Model were obtained that were valid, practical, and effective.

The Influence of the Index Card Match Model on Civics Learning Outcomes in Class IV Students at SD Inpres Kuanino 2, Kupang City

The Influence of the Index Card Match Model on Civics Learning Outcomes in Fourth Grade Students at SD Inpres Kuanino 2, Kupang City. Thesis of the Elementary School Teacher Education Study Program, Faculty of Education, Citra Bangsa University. Supervisor 1: Roswita Lioba Nahak, S. Pd., M. Pd., and Supervisor II: Kristina E Noya Nahak, S. Pd., M. Pd.The research aimed to determine the influence of the Index Card Match model on the learning outcomes of fourth-grade students at SD Inpres Kuanino 2, Kupang City. The study utilized a quasi-experimental design with a nonequivalent control group design type, involving a sample of 28 students. Data collection was done using multiple-choice test questions. Before hypothesis testing, the researcher conducted tests to meet the hypothesis requirements, including normality and homogeneity tests. The results showed that the data was normally distributed (0.121 > 0.05) and homogenous (0.188 > 0.05). The hypothesis testing used an independent sample t-test. The results of the independent sample t-test showed that the average score in the posttest for the control group was lower than the experimental group, with scores of 63.46 < 83.00 and a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05. This indicates a significant difference in the average scores between the control and experimental groups, leading to the rejection of the null hypothesis and acceptance of the alternative hypothesis. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the Index Card Match model has a significant influence on the learning outcomes of fourth-grade students.

Effectiveness of Integrated Interactive Problem Based Learning E-Modules in Improving Critical Thinking Abilities

This study aims to analyze the improvement of students' critical thinking skills by using interactive modules integrated with problem-based learning on the excretory system material. The research method used pra experimental research design with a One-Shot Case Study. The data collection instrument was critical thinking ability test questions analyzed using SPSS version 27 software. The results showed a significant value for the T-test of 0.000 (<0.05), with an average N-gain score of 0.63, meaning there was a significant difference. The results of critical thinking abilities before and after using the PBL integrated interactive e-module with a significant increase of 0.63 (medium). So it is concluded that the PBL integrated interactive e-module is feasible, practical, and effective for improving students' critical thinking skills in studying biology on excretory system material.

The Effect of the Think Talk Write Type Cooperative Learning Model Assisted by Kosica Media on the Science Learning Outcomes of Grade IV Students of Balfai Kupang Tengah State Elementary School

Science learning aims to make students understand science concepts, have process skills, have an interest in studying the environment and be able to apply science concepts in daily life. However, there are still many students who do not understand the material and have not reached the KKM score. This can happen because the learning model used is still conventional and the use of learning media is not effective. Therefore, the researcher uses a think talk write type cooperative learning model assisted by KOSICA media to be able to improve science learning outcomes. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of the think talk write (TTW) type cooperative learning model assisted by KOSICA media on the learning outcomes of science students in grade IV of Balfai Kupang Tengah State Elementary School. This type of research uses a Quasi experimental design in the form of a nonequivalent control group design, with a sample of 53 students and data collection techniques using observation and multiple-choice test questions. The data was analyzed using hypothesis tests and t-tests. The results of the study showed that the average post test of the experimental class and the control class. The results of this study show that the average post test of the experimental class and the control class using the hypothesis test is 85.37 > 60.77 with a difference of 24.6. The value of sig. (2-tailed) t-test for equality of means of o,ooo < 0.05 meaning Ha is accepted and HO is rejected. So it can be concluded that there is a significant influence of the use of the think talk write (TTW) type cooperative learning model assisted by KOSICA media on the learning outcomes of science students in grade IV of SD Negeri Balfai Kupang Tengah.

Evaluation of a Large Language Model on the American Academy of Pediatrics' PREP Emergency Medicine Question Bank

Background Large language models (LLMs), including ChatGPT (Chat Generative Pretrained Transformer), a popular, publicly available LLM, represent an important innovation in the application of artificial intelligence. These systems generate relevant content by identifying patterns in large text datasets based on user input across various topics. We sought to evaluate the performance of ChatGPT in practice test questions designed to assess knowledge competency for pediatric emergency medicine (PEM). Methods We evaluated the performance of ChatGPT for PEM board certification using a popular question bank used for board certification in PEM published between 2022 and 2024. Clinicians assessed performance of ChatGPT by inputting prompts and recording the software's responses, asking each question over 3 separate iterations. We calculated correct answer percentages (defined as correct in at least 2/3 iterations) and assessed for agreement between the iterations using Fleiss' κ. Results We included 215 questions over the 3 study years. ChatGPT responded correctly to 161 of PREP EM questions over 3 years (74.5%; 95% confidence interval, 68.5%–80.5%), which was similar within each study year (75.0%, 71.8%, and 77.8% for study years 2022, 2023, and 2024, respectively). Among correct responses, most were answered correctly on all 3 iterations (137/161, 85.1%). Performance varied by topic, with the highest scores in research and medical specialties and lower in procedures and toxicology. Fleiss' κ across the 3 iterations was 0.71, indicating substantial agreement. Conclusion ChatGPT provided correct answers to PEM responses in three-quarters of cases, over the recommended minimum of 65% provided by the question publisher for passing. Responses by ChatGPT included detailed explanations, suggesting potential use for medical education. We identified limitations in specific topics and image interpretation. These results demonstrate opportunities for LLMs to enhance both the education and clinical practice of PEM.

PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH MATEMATIS SISWA KELAS III DENGAN MEDIA POWER POINT INTERAKTIF MACAN (MATERI PECAHAN)

This research aims to improve the low level of mathematical problem solving regarding fractions using Interactive Power Point media for class III students at SD 2 Panjunan. Data collection techniques in this research used observation, interviews and documentation techniques, tests. The instruments of this research are interview sheets, observation sheets, and test question sheets. The method in this research uses the classroom action research method. The subjects in this research were class III students at SD 2 Panjunan with a total of 26 students. This research uses the Kemmis and Mc Taggart model research design, where each cycle or round consists of several stages which include, planning, action, observation, and reflection. The research results in Cycle I showed an average of 42% where the level of learning success was still low, and in cycle II after using interactive power point media it showed an average of 88% with a very good category, this shows that the application of interactive Power point in the learning process with fraction material can improve mathematics learning outcomes for class III students at SD 2 Panjunan. The conclusion of this research is that Interactive Power Point media can improve students’ mathematical problem solving abilities in fraction material.

Penerapan Model Reciprocal Teaching untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Matematika Siswa Kelas V SD Negeri 016 Rambah Samo

This research is classroom action research (PTK) which aims to improve student learning outcomes through the application of the reciprocal teaching model in mathematics learning. Data collection techniques are carried out in the form of student activity observation sheets, teacher activity observation sheets and test questions. The results of this research show that in cycle I and cycle II there was an increase. The learning outcomes in cycle I, meeting I, had an average score obtained by students, namely 54.12, then in cycle I, meeting II, the average score obtained by students was 65.88. Then in cycle II, at meeting I, the average score obtained by students was 71.18, and at meeting II, the average score for students was 85.88. Besides increasing student learning outcomes, student observation sheets also increased. In cycle I, meeting I, student observations were 50%, then in cycle I, meeting II, it increased to 60%. In cycle II, meeting I, the student's ability still increased to 80%, and in cycle II, meeting II, it increased to 90%. Based on the results of the research that has been carried out, it can be concluded that the application of the reciprocal teaching model can improve student mathematics learning outcomes for class V students at SD Negeri 016 Rambah Samo