Test Research Hypotheses Research Articles

Examining Mammalian facial behavior using Facial Action Coding Systems (FACS) and combinatorics.

There has been an increased interest in standardized approaches to coding facial movement in mammals. Such approaches include Facial Action Coding Systems (FACS), where individuals are trained to identify discrete facial muscle movements that combine to create a facial configuration. Some studies have utilized FACS to analyze facial signaling, recording the quantity of morphologically distinct facial signals a species can generate. However, it is unclear whether these numbers represent the total number of facial muscle movement combinations (which we refer to as facial configurations) that each species is capable of producing. If unobserved combinations of facial muscle movements are communicative in nature, it is crucial to identify them, as this information is important for testing research hypotheses related to the evolution of complex communication among mammals. Our study aimed to assess how well the existing literature represents the potential range of facial signals in two previously studied species: chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and domesticated cats (Felis silvestris catus). We adhered to the coding guidelines outlined in the FACS manuals, which are based on the anatomical constraints and capabilities of each mammal's face, to create our comprehensive list of all potential facial configurations. Using this approach, we found that chimpanzees and domesticated cats may be capable of producing thousands of facial configurations, many of which have not yet been documented in the existing research literature. It is plausible that some of these facial configurations are communicative and could be discovered with further research and video recording. In addition to our findings having significant implications for future research on the communicative complexity of mammals, it can also assist researchers in evaluating FACS coding accuracy.

The Role of Agrarian Law in Urban Spatial Planning and Regional Development in South Sulawesi: a Contribution to Achieving SDGs 11

Objectives: The rapid development of Makassar City and other cities in South Sulawesi Province has intensified the critical issue of spatial planning (land use) in urban areas. If not addressed early, this could lead to sharper social conflicts and other societal problems. Ineffective implementation of spatial planning and poor supervision of land allocation exacerbate these challenges, highlighting the risk of increasing social disparities. Method: This explanatory research employs a survey approach. Quantitative data from primary sources were used to test research hypotheses, while qualitative data from secondary sources were analyzed to complement descriptive insights. Descriptive analysis was applied to secondary data, and multiple regression analysis was conducted on primary data using a statistical analysis system (SAS) to process research variables relevant to the objectives. Results and Discussion: The study finds that urban development patterns in South Sulawesi Province have been less than optimal due to a lack of synchronization with Provincial and Regency/City Urban Spatial Planning Plans. The research underscores the need for an integral institution with full authority over land use to enhance urban area development. Key factors positively influencing urban development patterns include legal substance, legal structure, legal culture, facilities and infrastructure, and legal awareness. Research Implications: The study emphasizes the necessity of an integrated institutional framework to streamline urban spatial planning, reduce social disparities, and promote sustainable development. The findings align with United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly Goal 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities) by addressing inclusive urban development and strengthening governance frameworks. Originality/Value: This research provides a unique perspective by analyzing the intersection of legal frameworks and urban spatial planning, focusing on the role of legal culture and institutional integration in addressing land use challenges in South Sulawesi.

THE ROLE OF ISLAMIC SOCIAL REPORTING IN MEDIATING THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS AND MARKET PERFORMANCE

The goal of this research is to investigate how the influence of the board of commissioners and the board of directors on market performance is mediated by the disclosure of Islamic social reporting. The population under investigation is made up of all the businesses that are listed on the Sharia Stock Index. The researchers employed the proportionate random sampling approach to select 778 organizations out of the minimal sample of 472 companies, as determined by the sample calculation findings using G*power. The structural equation model (SEM) is the analytical technique employed in this study. The research's hypothesis test result suggests that the board of directors and commissioners greatly improves Islamic Social Reporting. The market's performance is significantly enhanced by the commissioners and board of directors. Business performance increases significantly with Islamic Social Reporting. The board of directors and board of commissioners significantly improve market performance through Islamic Social Reporting. This research adds value by offering fresh perspectives on how the Board of Directors and Commissioners' roles can affect a company's performance in the market when ISR principles are applied. The research's practical implication is that businesses can utilize it to inform the development of improved corporate governance and social responsibility policies and strategies.

Intellectual Capital and Business Performance Management - Knowledge Management and the Value of Knowledge

Research background: In a global environment characterized by increasing competition, entities from various industrial sectors and geographical areas face a tremendous challenge to achieve sustainable performance improvement. We highlight the importance and relevance of addressing this issue in relation to gaining a competitive advantage and achieving enterprise success. Particularly significant is its connection with the key performance indicators of an organization. In the literature review and overview of expert knowledge, we present the opinions of selected authors and their areas of research in relation to the issue at hand. Purpose of the article: The research aim was to explore the use of performance evaluation systems through key indicators from the perspective of intellectual capital. Methods: Based on the research questions and formulated hypotheses related to performance specifically, qualifications, education, self-development, and employee recruitment - we highlighted the interdependence of these phenomena and their mutual connection to employee satisfaction and engagement. For qualifications, a linear model resulted in a determination coefficient of 0.093. indicating a 9.3% degree of variability in relation to employee recruitment. For education, it was 2.7% in relation to satisfaction, and for engagement, it was as low as 1.64%. Findings & Value added: Based on the research findings and hypothesis testing, we can conclude that in industrial enterprises within the service sector, sufficient attention is not yet paid to working with intellectual capital, and the hypotheses related to this area of research were not confirmed. There is recommended intensifying work with intellectual capital and building learning and growth processes on enhancing these potentials in line with modern trends. This requires further scientific research in this area and close collaboration with practice.

Effect of scientific learning approach on mathematical problem-solving ability of junior high school students

The scientific approach in learning at school aims to familiarize students with thinking, discussing and creating using scientific principles and steps. Therefore, the aim of this research is to increase student activity and find out how the scientific approach influences class students' problem solving abilities. VIII Kartikatama Metro Middle School. Through problem solving abilities students can develop students' thinking abilities to be able to connect the knowledge and skills that students already have to solve the problems given. This research is quantitative research. The research location is Kartikatama Metro Middle School. The subjects in this research were 25 experimental class students and 25 control class students. The data collection technique used was the Posttest test. Data analysis techniques are carried out by testing research instruments, analysis testing and hypothesis testing using the t test. Based on the research results, the Sig value was obtained. (2-tailed) is 0.11<0.05, which means that there is an influence of the scientific approach model through the problem solving abilities of class VIII students at SMP Kartikatama Metro or in other words the average problem solving ability of students in the experimental class is better than average - average problem solving ability of control class students.

Korelasi Perilaku Kedisiplinan dengan Karakter Religius Siswa MAN Se-Kabupaten Kampar

This research aimed to examine the correlation between discipline and religious character of MAN students within Kampar Regency. This research was carried out with quantitative-correlational approach. The population were all students of MAN 1 Kampar amounted 633 students, all students of MAN 2 Kampar amounted 212 students, and all students of MAN 4 Kampar amounted 232 students with total populations were 1077 students and the samples were 531 students. The sampling technique was by using simple random sampling. The technique of data collection was by using questionnaire. The data analysis technique used pre-requisite questionnaire test instrument: validity and reliability test, correlation test: normality test and linearity test, and research hypothesis test: bivariate correlation test. The results of this research: there was positive and significant correlation between discipline behavior with religious character. Obtained the value of sig. (2 tailed) 0,000 < 0,050 which meant Ho was rejected and Ha was accepted. With R value = 0,551 pearson correlation in correlation degree which meant it was in medium level.

Readers' Comprehension of New Text Formats. Part II. Main Theoretical Frameworks and their Empirical Implementation in International Cognitive Science5

In this article, we analyze the state-of-the-art in international research on comprehension of texts of new formats. We describe the concept of “multimedia text”, which is widely accepted in literature, as well as discuss its alternatives. Also, we thoroughly describe key theoretical models, such as the Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning and the Integrated Model of Text and Picture Comprehension, which are often employed in formulating and testing research hypotheses in this field. Furthermore, we offer a brief overview of meta-analytical studies in this area, which suggests a range of consistent effects (such as a positive impact of illustrations on text comprehension) as well as various external and internal factors influencing these effects (e.g., presence of visual navigation aids or level of a reader’s relevant background knowledge). Finally, we address some emerging research questions which should be tackled in future research. We also highlight the lack of such studies on Russian-language materials and conclude that introducing these questions into Russian psycholinguistics will be beneficial for advancing this field within the global scientific multilingual research context.

Brands as Humans: How Brand Virtuousness Relates to Brand Authenticity and Brand Attachment

Abstract Research aim . Authenticity has become an essential quality for brands, with 86% of consumers preferring brands that are perceived to be authentic (Stackla, 2021). As a result, the drivers of brand authenticity are gaining momentum as an important research object. The role of brand virtuousness and its connection to brand authenticity and brand attachment has received limited attention from the consumer perspective. Meanwhile, the relationship between virtuousness and authenticity has been thoroughly investigated in other fields, such as personality research. Based on personality literature, comparable patterns of association can be anticipated when considering brands as relational entities. Therefore, the arguments elucidating the relationship between the virtuousness of personality and authenticity can be extended to the realm of brand. Given the above, this study aims to examine how brand virtuousness affects brand authenticity and brand attachment. Design / Methodology / Approach . This study employed a quantitative research approach by administering an online questionnaire (www.qualtrics.com) to respondents randomly assigned to two conditions: one with instructions to choose an authentic brand and another to name an inauthentic brand. The data were obtained from a convenience sample of Lithuanian adults (N=461; women= 70.9%; men= 29.1%; age mean =33.26; SD=12.29). The study constructs were measured using pre-existing 5-point Likert-type scales that were adapted to the focus of the current research. PLS-SEM (SmartPLS Version 4.1.0.6) was employed to test research hypotheses. Findings . Our findings show that brand virtuousness and brand authenticity have a positive and significant effect on brand attachment. Furthermore, brand virtuousness exhibited a positive and significant impact on brand authenticity. Finally, as expected, brand authenticity mediated the link between brand virtuousness and brand attachment. Consumers are drawn to brands that exude virtue, and the more authentic a brand is perceived to be, the more consumers tend to stick with it. Originality / Value / Practical implications. This study contributes to the brand literature by expanding our understanding of personality theory-grounded antecedents in relation to brand authenticity and brand attachment. Drawing on personality literature, this study proposes novel explanations for the impact of brand virtuousness on brand attachment through brand authenticity. The findings suggest that marketers would benefit from incorporating virtuousness properties into their brand strategies and communication campaigns, as it aids in the establishment of a stronger consumer-brand connection and increases perceived brand authenticity.

ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS AND EMPLOYEE GREEN BEHAVIOURS: MEDIATION EFFECT ADAPTIVE LEADERSHIP

Organisations face various environmental challenges that ultimately influence their green practices, particularly among employees. The study aims to test and analyse the effect of environmental awareness on green behavior, with adaptive leadership acting as a mediator. The research was conducted in the food industry in East Java, involving 173 respondents, 32 managers, and 141 employees. The sampling technique was non-probability sampling, with purposive sampling used for sample selection. Data analysis was conducted using quantitative methods, specifically SEM-PLS with Mplus 8 software, to test research hypotheses. The results indicate that environmental awareness has a significant positive effect on employee green behaviour and adaptive leadership. Furthermore, adaptive leadership has a significant positive effect on employee green behaviour. This study also finds that environmental awareness variables positively impact green behaviour, mediated by adaptive leadership in food industry companies in East Java. These findings contribute to the food industry by enhancing green practices, promoting environmental sustainability, and meeting consumer expectations for green products.JEL: D23.

THE EFFECT OF DEMOCRATIC LEADERSHIP STYLE ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE WITH PSYCHOLOGICAL EMPOWERMENT AS A MEDIATION VARIABLE IN DP2KBP3A INDRAGIRI HILIR DISTRICT

The aim of this research is to determine the influence of democratic leadership style on employee performance, the influence of democratic leadership style on psychological empowerment, the influence of psychological empowerment on employee performance and the influence of democratic leadership style on employee performance through psychological empowerment as mediation at the Population Control Service, Family Planning, Women's Empowerment. And Child Protection, Indragiri Hilir Regency, located at Educational Path Tembilahan Kota-Riau 29212. The type of data in this research consists of qualitative data and quantitative data using descriptive analysis and verification analysis models, where the author uses descriptive analysis to describe the characteristics of respondents and research variables, while the author uses verification analysis to test the research hypothesis. Data collection methods use questionnaires, observation and library research. The statistical method used is Structural Equation Model (SEM) to test research hypotheses using SmartPLS 4.0 software. Based on the research hypothesis test, the results showed that there was a negative influence between democratic leadership style on employee performance. There was a positive influence between democratic leadership style on psychological empowerment. There was a positive influence of psychological empowerment on employee performance. There was a positive influence of democratic leadership style on employee performance through psychological empowerment.

Effect of integrated financial reporting on firm value with the role of adjusting corporate governance in companies listed on the Iraqi stock exchange

The issue of conflict of interests between shareholders and managers and the mechanism of corporate governance as a solution to reduce agency costs associated with it is one of the important issues that has attracted the attention of many researchers and experts due to its effect on the performance of companies. The purpose of this research is the effect of integrated financial reporting on company value with the role of adjusting corporate governance in companies listed on the Iraqi Stock Exchange. The current research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive and correlational in nature. The time domain of the research covers a period of years, from the beginning of 2016 to the end of 2022. The studied sample included 10 companies that were selected by systematic elimination method. The results of the test of research hypotheses indicated that corporate governance does not have a modifying role in the effect of integrated financial reporting on the value of the company. It seems that in the Iraqi capital market, integrated financial reporting tools cannot help the shareholders in evaluating the company's value, and other factors affecting the stock price (company's value) are considered by the shareholders.

The impact of innovation and differentiation strategy on financial performance with emphasis on the role of risk management and intellectual capital

Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of innovation and differentiation strategy on financial performance with a focus on the role of risk management and intellectual capital of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. Design/methodology/approach In this research, differentiation and innovation strategy criteria are the independent variables, performance criteria are the dependent variables and risk management effectiveness and intellectual capital are the moderating variables. The statistical population of this research includes all the companies listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange during the 10-year period, and 127 companies were selected as a statistical sample using the systematic elimination method. The research model fitting and hypothesis testing were carried out using structural equation modeling and SPSS, Smart PLS software. Findings The results of the hypothesis testing showed a positive and significant relationship between the innovation and differentiation strategy and the firm performance. In addition, effective management of risk and intellectual capital also had a significant and positive impact on this relationship. Research limitations/implications Given that this research was conducted at the Tehran Stock Exchange, it was difficult for the researchers to collect data. Also, since the Tehran Stock Exchange is a new market, a lot of research needs to be done in different areas of this market to identify the existing problems and shortcomings and to provide reasons for its growth and development. Practical implications According to the results of the research on the impact of intellectual capital and risk management on corporate performance and the impact of strategy on this relationship, this paper can expect to see an improvement in corporate performance and an increase in shareholder wealth as a result of applying the results of this research. Social implications Considering that corporate strategy, intellectual capital criteria and risk management to increase the financial performance of companies have informational content; therefore, according to the results of this research, an increase in the performance of listed companies is expected, and naturally, this increase in performance will lead to the prosperity of the economic sector, increase in job creation and as a result, improve the quality of social life. Originality/value In the Tehran Stock Exchange, by properly evaluating the financial performance criteria of companies and identifying the factors that increase intellectual capital and risk management, they provide the means to improve knowledge in this area of research.

Pengaruh Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Project Based Learning (PJBL) Terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa Pada Mata Pelajaran IPS Kelas VIII di Mts Al – Mabrur Bone Raya Kabupaten Bone Bolango

The aim of this research is to find out whether the project based learning model can improve the learning outcomes of class VIII students in social studies subjects at MTs Al - Mabrur Bone Raya, Bone Bolango Regency. This research uses a quantitative approach and Quasi Experimental research in the form of Pretest Prottest Control Group Design. In this design there are two groups taken as samples. Then they were given a pretest and posttest to find out whether there were differences between the experimental and control groups with a sample size of 34 students. The data collection techniques used in this research are observation, tests, documentation and research data analyzed descriptively and inferentially with the t test. The research results show that there is a positive and significant influence between the Project Based Learning Model on the Learning Outcomes of Class VIII Students in Social Sciences Subjects at MTs Al - Mabrur Bone Raya, Bone Bolango Regency. The research hypothesis test shows a significant value of 0.0000.05, with the criterion that if the sig value is smaller than 0.05 then H0 is rejected then H1 is accepted. Based on these criteria, it can be concluded that H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted, which means that there is an influence of the project based learning (Pjbl) learning model on the learning outcomes of class VIII students in social studies subjects at MTs Al - Mabrur Bone Raya, Bone Bolango Regency.

Disentangling the phenotypic patterns of hypertension and chronic hypotension

Objective2017 blood pressure (BP) categories focus on cardiac risk. We hypothesize that studying the balance between mechanisms that increase or decrease BP across the medical phenome will lead to new insights. We devised a classifier that uses BP measures to assign individuals to mutually exclusive categories centered in the upper (Htn), lower (Hotn) and middle (Naf) zones of the BP spectrum; and examined the epidemiologic and phenotypic patterns of these BP-categories. MethodsWe classified a cohort of 832,560 deidentified electronic health records by BP-category; compared the frequency of BP-categories and four subtypes of Htn and Hotn by sex and age-decade; visualized the distributions of systolic, diastolic, mean arterial and pulse pressures stratified by BP-category; and ran Phenome-wide Association Studies (PheWAS) for Htn and Hotn. We paired knowledgebases for hypertension and hypotension and computed aggregate knowledgebase status (KB-status) indicating known associations. We assessed alignment of PheWAS results with KB-status for phecodes in the knowledgebase, and paired PheWAS correlations with KB-status to surface phenotypic patterns. ResultsBP-categories represent distinct distributions within the multimodal distributions of systolic and diastolic pressure. They are centered in the upper, lower, and middle zones of mean arterial pressure and provide a different signal than pulse pressure. For phecodes in the knowledgebase, 85% of positive correlations align with KB-status. Phenotypic patterns for Htn and Hotn overlap for several phecodes and are separate for others. Our analysis suggests five candidates for hypothesis testing research, two where the prevalence of the association with Htn or Hotn may be under appreciated, three where mechanisms that increase and decrease blood pressure may be affecting one another’s expression. ConclusionPairedPheWAS methods may open a phenome-wide path to disentangling hypertension and chronic hypotension. Our classifier provides a starting point for assigning individuals to BP-categories representing the upper, lower, and middle zones of the BP spectrum. 4.7 % of individuals matching 2017 BP categories for normal, elevated BP or isolated hypertension, have diastolic pressure < 60. Research is needed to fine-tune the classifier, provide external validation, evaluate the clinical significance of diastolic pressure < 60, and test the candidate hypotheses.

Prerequisites of hybridization of university financing as a tool for ensuring sustainability and strategic development

Purpose. To assess the state of budget financing of Ukrainian HEIs, determine their funding structure, and identify prerequisites for developing hybrid financing as a tool for stability and strategic development. Methodology. Dynamic and structural analysis, the Hirschman-Herfindahl index (HHI(DI) and such methods as quantitative, arithmetic mean, limit values, graphic, visualization, and system methods were used in the research process. The practical testing of research hypotheses was carried out on the basis of a comprehensive approach to the financing of HEIs of Ukraine and a panel sample of 35 universities, which takes into account rating indicators, industry and regional aspects. Findings. Transformation processes at various levels are linked to trends such as reduced budget funding, structural changes, staff and student migration, decreased demand for additional services, and military factors, creating prerequisites for hybrid university funding. The article identifies conditions for hybrid financing, highlights negative trends in HEIs budget financing –including systemic underperformance and inflation impacts – and analyzes income diversification in Ukrainian universities using the HHI(DI). Limiting and average values were determined using the quantitative method, which made it possible to classify universities into sustainable (HHI(DI)  0.55) and risky (HHI(DI) &gt; 0.55) ones; tendencies towards a slight diversification of universities’ incomes are revealed; a conceptual model is proposed of hybrid financing of universities to expand their financial autonomy, based on cooperation between university management, stakeholders, and staff core, with the aim of creating value propositions which satisfy the needs of stakeholders and generate cash flows; a new approach to the division of hybrid financing tools into three groups is proposed: passive or image-based, active-intellectual, and passive-innovative ones. This approach is innovative in the development of financial strategies for universities. Originality. New tools for making management decisions aimed at ensuring financial stability and developing financial strategies for universities are proposed. In particular, they include an original approach to the classification of universities into sustainable and risky ones based on the value of the HHI; the conceptual model of hybrid financing of universities, which promotes the expansion of their financial autonomy; the innovative approach to the division of hybrid financing instruments into three categories: passive or image-based, active-intellectual, passive-innovative. Practical value. The study’s results can be used to make management decisions on expanding financial autonomy of universities. The introduction of the conceptual model of hybrid financing will contribute to the diversification of income, increase in financing, as well as ensuring financial stability and strategic development of universities.

Marketing Strategies and Performance of Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SMEs) in Ikare Akoko Ondo State

Marketing strategies has been a functional desire and a method for attaining all-inclusive business success. This paper examined effect of marketing strategies on the performance of Small and Medium Enterprises in Ikare Akoko. A descriptive research design was employed. Sample size of 350 was drawn from a population of 2825 which comprised selected registered SMEs owners in Ikare Akoko. Multiple Regression Technique was used to test research hypothesis. The findings obtained revealed that marketing strategy (promotion marketing strategy, price marketing strategy, place marketing strategy, and product marketing strategy) significantly influence performance of SMEs in Ikare Akoko. The research concluded that marketing strategy (product strategies, promotion strategies, price strategies and place strategies) have a significant and positive impact on performance of SMEs in Ikare Akoko. Hence, the paper recommended that SMEs in Nigeria should establish varieties of quality products with new features and design. This will increase many customers to patronize their products. They should also charge equitable price, position suitably to the final consumers. More so, Management of the SMEs in Ikare Akoko should ensure that they increase effort in product advertisement in order to enhance promotional strategy in the organisation. Finally, SMEs should continually ensure goods and services produced reach final consumers or users by locating convenient place for their varieties products. Keywords: Marketing Strategies, Performance, Price Strategies, Promotion Strategies, SMEs,

A Comprehensive Guide to Assessing and Adjusting for Social Desirability Bias Through Advanced Multivariate Analysis using R: A Case Study on Sports Fan Surveys

ABSTRACT The purpose of the current paper is to provide a step-by-step tutorial for employing the list experiment to control for Social Desirability Bias (SDB). Sport management scholars routinely rely on self-report data in cross-sectional settings to test research hypotheses. However, concerns exist regarding the use of self-reports without adjusting for sources of systematic misreporting such as SDB. This study offers a walkthrough guideline using the R programming language to utilize the novel method called “multivariate list experiment” to control for SDB, using Black athletes’ kneeling protests during the national anthem on the playing field as an example. All materials, including the dataset, R codes, and markdown, are provided for replicating the results.

Factors affecting sustainable ecotourism in Vietnam: Mediating role of tourist satisfaction and attractive destination

The paper aims to identify factors affecting sustainable ecotourism in Vietnam, including the mediating role of tourist satisfaction and attractive destinations. The valid quantitative data were collected from a survey of 515 domestic tourists who have traveled to ecotourism areas in 5 selected areas in Vietnam, including Ca Mau Province, Can Tho City, Ho Chi Minh City, Binh Dinh Province, and Dong Nai Province. To test research hypotheses, data were analyzed using AMOS 24.0 and structural equation modeling (SEM). Research results show that tourist satisfaction strongly affects sustainable ecotourism (β = 0.341), followed by attractive destinations (β = 0.175) and environmental awareness (β = 0.147). In contrast, tourism management policy does not affect sustainable ecotourism. Besides, tourism management policy has the strongest influence on attractive destinations (β = 0.393), followed by the natural environment (β = 0.129), culture and society (β = 0.082), but infrastructure does not affect attractive destinations. Research results also show that the strongest influential determinant of tourist satisfaction is infrastructure (β = 0.448), followed by culture and society (β = 0.180), the natural environment (β = 0.150), and tourism management policy (β = 0.136).

THE INFLUENCE OF ORGANISATIONAL CLIMATE AND RESPONSIBLE LEADERSHIP ON INNOVATIVE BEHAVIOUR OF EMPLOYEES IN HIGHER INSTITUTIONS OF LEARNING IN GHANA

This study studies the relationship between organisational climate, responsible leadership, and innovative behaviour and their subsequent impact on employee performance. The study uses hypothesis testing research design based on quantitative research designs and sampled 145 employees from Simon Diedong University of Business and Integrated Development Studies (SDD UBIDS) and Dr. Hilla Limann Technical University, Wa (DHLTU-Wa) in the Upper West region of Ghana. Key findings in this study are: (1) organizational climate has an insignificant positive effect on innovative behaviour (2) responsible leadership significantly and positively influences innovative behaviour (3) management systems and social environment do not significantly impact innovative behaviour (4) physical environment has a significant positive effect on innovative behaviour. The study reveals that organisational climate and responsible leadership are significant predictors of innovative behaviour, with a strong correlation (0.768) between these variables. The regression analysis shows that 59.1% (R^2 = 0.591) of the variance in innovation is explained by organisational climate and responsible leadership, while 40% is attributed to other factors. Overall, this quantitative study highlights the crucial role of responsible leadership and the physical environment.&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt; Article visualizations:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src="/-counters-/soc/0699/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

Research on the Driving Factors and Policy Guidance for a Reduction in Electricity Consumption by Urban Residents

The urgency of mitigating climate change and the challenges it poses to ecosystems and human systems are highlighted in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s (IPCC) Sixth Assessment Report (AR6). In order to achieve sustainable development, it is imperative to adopt a series of adaptive measures to enhance the resilience of various sectors to climate change and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This article analyzes the driving mechanism behind the reduction in electricity consumption by urban residents based on 302 valid questionnaires from 18 communities in nine districts in B City. Using a method that combines qualitative and empirical research, the study proposes policy recommendations aimed at guiding urban residents toward reducing their electricity consumption. These recommendations serve as a policy reference for cities striving to achieve sustainability and low-carbon targets. The primary innovations and conclusions of the study are as follows: (1) this study summarizes the primary factors and processes influencing the reduction in electricity consumption among urban residents, examined from the following three perspectives: residents’ characteristics, psychological understanding, and external environment. (2) On the basis of the research data, empirical analysis and hypothesis testing are conducted using a variety of mathematical and statistical methods. The results indicate significant differences in the electricity consumption reduction behavior of heterogeneous urban residents in both public and private areas. Subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and knowledge of electricity conservation have significant direct influences on residents’ willingness to reduce their electricity consumption. Among these factors, subjective norms have the most significant impact, while the impact of attitude is negligible. Economic incentive policies have a significant positive regulatory effect on the relationship between “willingness (intention)” and “private area electricity consumption reduction behavior”.