Product Test Research Articles

Plant-Derived Extracts Plus Vitamin E and/or Aloe Vera Protect Against Intrinsic/Extrinsic Stressor in Human Skin: In Vitro and Clinical Evidence.

Humans are exposed to physical, biological, chemical, and psychological stressor throughout their life span. In recent years many medicinal plants have been shown to induce stress adapting and protective functions. Plant-derived extracts and vitamin E exhibit stress protection or resistance by normalizing cellular homeostasis and enhancing resistance to toxic stimuli to overcome cellular damage. Here we report the evaluation of a topical preparation (product test materials; PTM) containing an ingredient blend of Rhodiola Rosea, Eleutherococcus Senticosus (Siberian Ginseng), Rhaponticum Carthamoides, Inonotus Obliqus, and Slegainella Lepidophylla as the base formula and tested the addition of Lespedeza Capitata (leaf/stem) extract plus vitamin E and/or Aloe Vera to determine the induced protective functions in human skin when challenged with intrinsic and extrinsic stressors. The base topical preparation plus Lespedeza Capitata extract plus vitamin E or the base topical preparation plus vitamin E and Aloe Vera were assayed in vitro on (a) intrinsically stressed excised abdominoplasty skin, (b) full thickness (FT) skin equivalent models post-treated with a combination of ultra-violet (UV) B light (250 mJ/cm2) and diesel particular matter (DPM) (75 µg/mL) skin, for their effect on antioxidant, inflammation, and stress biomarker geners. Additionally, the bioadaptive activity of the PTMs was confirmed in providing resilience and protection against UV-induced erythema. For example, in a clinical study, daily topical application of the PTMs on the buttocks of 20 woman (18-78 years old), average age of 51.1 years, median body mass index (BMI) of 26.5 for 8 weeks followed by 2 minimal erythema dose (MED) of UVB exposure was accessed 24 hours after irradiation. Statistical analysis was performed by t-test and ANOVA, repectively. Pretreatment with the topical PTMs on intrsinically stressed skin significantly reduced the expression of the stress gene biomarkers, p53, pro-inflammatory cytokines Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNFα) and the pro-apoptotic BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator (BAX) values compared to controls. Topical application of the PTMs on Full Thickness (FT) human skin treated with UVB light and DPM significantly enhanced the stress response by activating heat shock transcription factor 4 (HSF4) and heat shock protein family B (small) member 1 (HSPB1) gene levels belonging to the heat shock protein (HSP) family by significantly increasing the expression of heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1). At the same time, significantly reducing IL-1β levels were observed plus protection of skin cells from toxicity ocurred by significantly increasing the expression of B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2) (anti-apoptotic gene). In the clinical study, daily topical applications of the PTMs for 8 weeks followed by 2MED of UVB irradiation with clinical assessment 24 hours later revealed a significantly reduced intensity of erythema when compared to the buttock region treated with UVB alone. The PTMs containing adaptogen ingredients may confer stress resistance and induce stress protective responses against intrinsic as well as extrinsic stressors as demonstrated by the obtained in vitro and clinical evidence.

Development of Nearpod-Based Learning Videos in Mathematics Subjects for Junior High School Students

This research aims to develop Nearpod-based mathematics learning media. The model used in this research is ADDIE (Analyze, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation). This development research is motivated by the need for media that can answer learning challenges in the pandemic era. This product test was carried out at MTs Negeri Batu City involving 30 students in one class. The data collection technique used in this research is a questionnaire to determine students' responses to media readability. The data from this research is qualitative and quantitative. Qualitative data was obtained from criticism and suggestions from validators. Quantitative data was obtained from validation scores and readability questionnaires. The material expert validation results were 91.67%, which means it is very valid. Meanwhile, the media expert validation results were 94.73%. The media readability test value was 83.6% for the limited test, 83.6%, and 82.00% for the wide test.

Eduwall Android App Development Superapps-Based for Simplicity Learning for Deaf Students

This research aims to develop an Android application called Eduwall based on the SuperApps framework for facilitating the learning process for deaf students. This study used a research and development (R&D) method, employing data collection techniques such as surveys, observations, interviews, and questionnaires to inform the development of the Eduwall application. The subjects in this research were deaf students at Pamulang University. The data analysis process encompassed six stages: concept development, design, material collection, assembly, product test and distribution. The research findings showed that the Eduwall application, based on the superapps model, was deemed suitable for use. This had been tested by IT experts, media experts, disability experts, lecturers, and students. The feasibility of this application means that the Eduwall application was practical, effective, efficient, and fun for students, especially deaf students. This Eduwall application was also equipped with a sign language dictionary to facilitate users in understanding the conditions of deaf students.

Can CANVA Application be as a English Learning Media?

Learning media plays a crucial role in the learning process. One of the popular learning media, which played a crucial role among elementary school students during the COVID-19 pandemic, is audio-visual media. This type of media engages both auditory and visual senses through the utilization of the CANVA application. Therefore, this research aims to develop an English language learning media through the CANVA application in Pekanbaru Elementary School, Indonesia. This research was conducted using the 4D development model, consisting of define, design, develop and disseminate stages. In the define stage, it was found that students still had relatively low learning outcomes, and teachers could not develop creative learning media. Meanwhile, in the design stage, the learning media based on the findings in the definition stage was designed. The learning media was assembled using the CANVA application in the development stage. The product test results in this development stage showed very good results. The media was packaged in CD form and distributed to several elementary school teachers in Pekanbaru to help them teach English.

Possibilities of Legal Mechanisms to Counteract Greenwashing to Achieve the Principles of Sustainable Development

Objective: The paper examines the practice where companies use environmental advertising or statements about their environmental responsibility to promote their products or services (greenwashing). The objective of the study is to analyze the main signs of greenwashing and develop recommendations for countering environmental offenses. Methods: The research methods are based on the analysis of a limited number of studies that were selected according to special parameters and comprehensively considered. Methods of analogy and comparative analysis were also used. Results: The main signs of greenwashing, the negative consequences to which greenwashing can lead, and the main measures to control this kind of environmental offense are considered. According to the results of the study, it has been concluded that at the international level, greenwashing should be defined as a socially dangerous culpable act that contradicts the norms of law and harms society, the state, individual citizens, and the environment. Conclusion: To counteract greenwashing, it is necessary to introduce a ban on the application of seals that are not introduced by state bodies and are not based on a certification system; a ban on eco-friendly labeling without providing evidence, and without certificates; and a ban on eco-friendly statements about the product, if they relate only to a certain aspect of the product. Furthermore, a system of public reports needs to be introduced where manufacturers can publish reports about their production processes and product test results. This will help consumers make informed decisions about the purchase of products. Besides that, environmental, social, and governance principles need to be implemented in the contract system, together with a penalty system.

Sensory Evaluation of Gulu Naga Ijo as a Complementary Finger Food Product

The development of four-star complementary foods for breast milk (Makanan Pendamping ASI or MP-ASI) products signifies the inclusion of four nutritional elements, i.e. carbohydrates, animal protein, vegetable protein, and vegetables, needed to support the growth and development of children. This study aimed to determine the sensory evaluation, including taste, texture, aroma, appearance, and color, as well as the acceptability test of finger food products known as “Gulu Naga Ijo” made from a combination of corn, eggs, dragon fruit, and green bean flour. This research was an experimental study with a completely randomized design (CRD) on five treatment variations (P0: 0% composite flour, P1: 25% composite flour, P2: 50% composite flour, P3: 75% composite flour, and P4: 100% composite flour). This study revealed a significant difference in sensory evaluation of products and composite flour substitution (p<0.05). Overall, two samples (P1 and P3) obtained the highest preference from the panelists in the sensory evaluation, prompting for test acceptability score of the products The acceptability test for toddlers resulted in scores of 1.3 for formula P3 and 1.8 for formula P1. The use of composite flour has a significant effect on the sensory evaluation and acceptance of finger food product development.

Exploring consumer beliefs about novel fortified foods: A focus group study with UK-based older and younger adult consumers

Consuming ‘nutritionally-enhanced’ food products (including those that are fortified or enriched to deliver nutritional and functional properties) may help to improve overall diet quality and combat risks associated with malnutrition. However, fortification can negatively impact consumer acceptance, particularly where expected sensory properties of ‘delivery’ foods are affected by target ingredients. Here, we explored factors influencing consumer acceptability for six novel food products that had been fortified, including both savoury and sweet meal components (e.g., high protein dumplings, probiotic yoghurt drink). In person focus groups (25 consumers aged between 22 and 76 years old) were conducted with two stages; firstly, participants completed a blind taste test of products without awareness of fortification. Secondly, participants discussed products with awareness of additional ingredients and food properties. Reflexive thematic analysis showed that liking of sensory properties differed between foods, but informing participants about the fortification of products highlighted potential trade-offs between taste, health, price, and familiarity. Though taste and texture were generally prioritised by participants, positive perceptions of health benefits increased consumer willingness to buy, whilst both cost and uncertainty about product use were potential barriers. Trust of information was a key concern for labelling and product claims. These results highlight product features that may be optimised to support the success of fortified foods. Greater transparency when building product brands and improving consumer knowledge of fortification may also be important for longer-term consumer acceptance.

Perkembangan E-LKPD Sebagai Sumber Belajar Praktek Sholat Pada Mata Pelajaran PAI Kelas V di SD Negeri 03 Pakan Labuah

One of the media used by PAI teachers at SDN Pakan Labuh 03 is Student Worksheets (LKPD) in learning, especially in Islamic Religious Education lessons. The teacher only gives an explanation of the material then practices the prayer movement directly, then evaluates it. This teaching method is considered inappropriate, because there are still many students who have difficulty understanding the concept of good and correct movement according to Islamic law. The existence of the development of LKPD into e-LKPD that supports the learning of Islamic Religious Education prayer practice materials with the aim of this research is to produce valid, practical, and effective e-LKPD to train students' prayer movements (psychomotor) according to Islamic law on prayer practice material.This research is a development research which has 4 stages, namely: define stage, design stage and develop stage, socialization stage. The research instrument uses product tests, namely: product validity test, product practicality test, and product effectiveness test. The E-LKPD was validated by three validators, namely one media lecturer, one PAI lecturer, and one PAI teacher. At the practicality stage, e-LKPD as a learning resource for prayer practices was tested on fifth grade students at SD Negeri 03 Pakan Labuh.The results of this study are E-LKPD with the support of Liveworksheet and Canva Apps get a final validation value of 0.84, a final practicality value of 0.85 and a final effectiveness value of 0.86. It can be concluded that the development of E-LKPD as a Learning Resource for Prayer Practices at SD Negeri 03 Pakan Labuh is very valid, very practical and very effective to use. E-LKPD can increase teacher creativity, so that ELKPD will look interactive, fun and attract students' learning interest. Interactive E-LKPD is synonymous with sheets in the form of student practice questions done through digital media that meet standards, are practical, and are easily accessible.

Post-Pandemic Independent Learning Assistance Model for Improving Students’ Academic and Socio-Personal Competence: Campus on Duty (COD) Program, In Indonesia

The last two years have witnessed many elementary school students lacking academic and socio-personal competence during the Covid-19 pandemic. Hence, students’ academic and socio-personal competence requires considerable attention. This study aimed to develop a feasible, effective, and practical independent learning assistance model for elementary school students. The model was developed in ten stages: 1) preliminary study, 2) planning stage, 3) development, 4) limited trial,5) initial product revision, 6) wide-scale test, 7) operational product revision, 8) operational product test, 9) final product revision, and 10) dissemination and implementation. The study was conducted in five elementary schools in Kediri Regency. Data were garnered using questionnaires, observation, documentation, and interviews. The quantitative data were analyzed using n-gain in order to find out the average improvement of students’ academic and socio-personal competences. The average n-gain score was then tested using one-sample t-test to find out the significance of the improvement. The study's findings showed that the post- Covid-19 pandemic independent learning assistance model in the Campus on Duty program was feasible, effective, and practical to be implemented. This study could be used as a reference for schools to implement students’ independent learning assistance.

An Experimental Evaluation of Path-Based Product Line Integration Testing and Test Coverage Metrics

Product line testing is significant because any faults in a product line platform can lead to widespread impacts on multiple products configured from that platform within a product line. Due to the shared platform, certain testing can be repeatedly performed across different products, leading to unnecessary costs. To enhance quality and reduce costs in product line testing, it is essential to minimize redundant testing of the products in a product line. Because test coverage provides a way to explicitly state the extent to which a software item has been tested, having a clear understanding of test coverage helps avoid unnecessary repetition of tests and ensures that the testing efforts are focused on areas that require attention, ultimately leading to more efficient and effective product line testing. It is necessary to define appropriate test coverage metrics of product line testing that enable testers to identify redundancies in their testing efforts. Path-based integration testing has been proven to be an effective approach to product line integration testing. This paper defines coverage metrics for path-based product line integration testing and demonstrates their effectiveness in preventing redundant testing between platform testing and testing for individual products, while also effectively detecting faults. The experiment results highlight the coverage metrics’ effectiveness in avoiding redundant testing, reducing costs, and covering interfacing across different modules.

Developing Worksheet Based on Creative Problem-Solving Models

The focus of this research is to develop worksheets on biology content for the eleventh graders in high school. The development research research design included the following steps: research and information collection, planning, develop preliminary form of product, preliminary field testing, and main product revision. The participant are 12 students in the initial product trial for the eleventh graders of SMA N 1 Suralaga in the school year of 2021/2022. Using a closed questionnaire to gather research data and student worksheets covering the eleventh-grade material, such as the movement system, blood circulation, digestion, respiration, excretion, coordination, and psychoactive substances, to assess the validity of the instrument supplied to experts and students. Analyzing the outcomes of expert instrument validation, determining the average value, and using percentages to group the results into five categories—very bad, not good, good enough, good, and very good—represent quantitative descriptive data analysis. It was discovered from the limited test results that the implementation indicator received the lowest percentage in the extremely unfavorable category during the development at the initial product test stage were the very bad category (85.7%) and very not good (14.3%). Development indicators; good enough (28.6%) and good (71.4%). Ideate indicators; 100% very good. Clarify indicator; very not good (14.3%), not good (28.6%), good enough (42.6%), and very bad (14.2%). It can be concluded that it was necessary to revise the initial product, namely by including in more detail the components of the creative problem solving indicator both at clarify, ideate, develop, and implement

Perancangan Media Pembelajaran Aqidah Akhlak Dengan Smart Apps Creator Berbasis Mobile Apps di MTI Canduang

The problems in this study are based on the results of observations and interviews that the author conducted, first, the teaching teacher still uses printed book media, second, the teacher still uses the lecture method, third, the teacher has not used technological media as a support. Meanwhile, students said they felt bored and quite difficult to understand the material for teaching morals because teachers still did not use technology-based me-dia as a support. Based on this, the researcher is interested in conducting research by providing a technological approach, namely producing the design of learning media for Aqidah Akhlak with smart apps creators based on mobile apps at MTI Canduang. This study uses the Research and Development (R&D) method with the DDD-E development model. Media development using the DDD-E model consists of Decide, Design, Develop, Evaluate. The results of the product test that the author did obtained a validity test from 6 validators obtained a value of 0.82 with a valid category, practicality test from 2 students obtained a value of 0.92 with a very high category, and the effectiveness test of 15 students obtained a value of 0.84 with high effectiveness category.

Gluten cross contact in oats: retrospective database analysis 2011 to 2023

It is long-established that oats are at substantial risk for cross contact with gluten-containing grain. Specially processed gluten-free oats, whether purity protocol or mechanically/optically sorted, made it possible for this grain to be included in a gluten-free diet in the U.S. Gluten Free Watchdog (GFWD) (Manchester, Massachusetts, United States) has been assessing the gluten content of labeled gluten-free foods since 2011. In 2022, there was an apparent increase in the number of oat products testing with quantifiable gluten at or above 5 mg/kg or parts per million (ppm). The purpose of the present study was to assess the levels of gluten in foods containing oats to determine if there were any trends. In this retrospective database analysis, GFWD product test reports from April 2011 to May 1, 2023 were searched using the term “oat.” The search identified 213 individual packages of food that contained the word “oat” in the ingredients list. The test results for these packages of food were reviewed. Of these, 24 (11%) tested with quantifiable gluten greater than or equal to 5 mg/kg (ppm). The percentage of oats testing with quantifiable gluten varied per year but spiked in 2022 at 35%. It is not possible to know for certain what caused this increase. The drought during the oat growing season of 2021 could be a major factor. This drought impacted oat crops in both the US and Canada and led to one of the worst oat crops going back over 150 years. One limitation of this study is that it was a retrospective analysis. Different numbers of oat products were tested each year and these were often different brands of oats and different oat formulations. To assess the level of gluten cross contact in oats going forward a much larger prospective study should be conducted.

PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA VIDEO ANIMASI BERBASIS POWTOON TERHADAP KEPERCAYAAN DIRI SISWA KELAS VIII MTS AL QODIRIYAH

This research aimed to discover the appropriateness of powtoon-based animation videomedia on the MTS Alqodiriyah students’ confidence, who are in adolescence accordingtotheirage;thiseraiscrucialfortheteenagerstodeveloptheirconfidence.The research and development technique was employed in this study (RnD). The participants in this study were 7 eighth-grade MTS Alqodiriyah students. The validity product test was conducted byproduct experts, material experts, school practitioners, and students’ responses on thepowtoon-basedanimationvideomedia.The research's findings indicated that the creation of animated video media based on Powtoon obtained 96% of the results indicating that the product is appropriate and falls under the proper category, making it useful for the implementation of guidance and counseling services.

Development of a Real-Time Tractor Model for Gear Shift Performance Verification

Verification of the system is essential during the development of a tractor; however, there are cost and time limitations when verification is performed on an actual tractor. To solve this problem, we developed a tractor model for real-time simulation to verify the gear shift performance of the tractor and evaluate the control algorithm. This study examined and modeled a dual-clutch transmission (DCT)-type 105 kW class tractor. The proportional control valve, synchronizer, and clutch were modeled to accurately implement the shift behavior, and the developed individual model was verified based on actual individual product test data. The 45 s driving simulation was conducted to confirm whether real-time simulation of the entire developed tractor model was possible and whether it simulated the behavior of the target tractor well. The driving simulation results confirmed that the driving speed of the tractor model matched the engine speed, transmission gear ratio, and tractor specifications, and the gear shift performance of the tractor model according to the number of gears was confirmed. The simulated model thus satisfies the characteristics of the target tractor and can be used to verify the gear shift performance, indicating that the model can verify the performance of the control algorithm in real time.

An efficient Cartesian mesh generation strategy for complex geometries

Cartesian meshes based on the immersed boundary method are widely adopted for their convenience in implementing automated mesh generation. The performance of Cartesian mesh generation, particularly for complex geometries, is a crucial factor that directly impacts the efficiency of computational fluid dynamics solutions. In this study, we present an innovative strategy for efficient Cartesian mesh generation. Our methodology centers around the inner product test (IPT), enabling precise and efficient interior/exterior determination for intersected Cartesian cells. For this purpose, we enhance the k-d tree based intersection determination process to provide essential information of surface mesh for IPT, while concurrently improving the efficiency of the determination process. Our new methods offer automatic generation capabilities for arbitrary complex geometries. Through a series of tests, the new methods illustrate the notable performance improvements with the generation time of less than 4 min for the Cartesian mesh with 108 cells. Overall, our work optimizes Cartesian mesh generation for complex geometries, presenting significant potential for addressing the challenges of moving boundary problems.

The EDFAS FA Technology Roadmap—Die-Level Roadmap Council (DLRC)

Abstract The EDFAS Die-Level Roadmap Committee was formed to identify forthcoming challenges related to electrical fault isolation within the next five years and collaborate with various stakeholders, including industry, academia, and tool vendors, to devise practical solutions. To that end, the team has pinpointed five critical areas of focus: (1) laser-based, photon emission, and thermal; (2) 2D/2.5D/3D packaging; (3) product yield, test, and diagnostics; (4) general (leading edge technologies); and (5) system level, analog/RF, and digital functional.

Using of Limestone Cement in Fibre-Cement Corrugated Sheets Production

The paper deals with the production of fibre-cement and the use of limestone cement in its production. The paper describes the basic properties of final products, the basic raw materials and the Hatschek production technology used for the production of corrugated sheets. The attention is paid especially to the wet part of the production when describing the production process. The emphasis was mainly placed on the preparation of fibre-cement slurry and the gradual formation of a layer of fibre-cement on the surface of the cylindrical sieve. The paper describes the possible use of limestone cement in the production of corrugated sheets. Trial recipes were designed with using limestone cement CEM II with and without separately dosed limestone. The fibre-cement corrugated sheets were produced with using Hatschek technology. Mainly was investigated the influence of limestone dosing on the strength characteristics and the volume weight of the final products. The produced sheets were tested according to EN 494+A1: 2016 Fibre-cement profiled sheets and fittings - Product specification and test methods. The tested samples reached comparable results like sheets produced according to standard recipe. No negative effect on the strength characteristics of final products was proven between the standard and the trial recipes.

Screening respondents to increase data quality in consumer tests

Product tests are often conducted to understand consumer opinions and perceptions. A screener is often used to determine which respondents are consumers. Our goal was to determine how filtering consumers who gave low-quality screener responses affects test results. Respondents in Finland (n = 343) and Turkey (n = 342) completed an online questionnaire. The questionnaire began with a screener. Respondents who consumed category products regularly were classified as consumers. Points were allocated to respondents who gave dubious answers to screener questions. Respondents with too many points “failed”; others “passed”. Regardless, all respondents completed an online test of three product concepts and a short version of the portrait values questionnaire. Screener-passing consumers better discriminated the product concepts and had larger directional differences between the concepts than a conventional panel comprised of all consumers. Fixed-sized panels composed first of screener-passing consumers, then of all consumers, were simulated using the bootstrap procedure. Screener-passing simulated panels were more discriminating of the concepts and had larger between-concept differences than conventional simulated panels. These empirical results indicate the size of the benefit realized by incorporating data quality checks into screening. If consumers who give dubious screener responses are dropped, then other consumers can take their places or their places can be left unfilled, yielding either better differentiation or cost savings. Further study is needed to develop best practices in screening that can be used in different countries and cultures.

Use of Alternative Raw Materials for the Production of Fiber Cement Products

The paper deals with the production of fiber cement and the use of alternative raw materials in its production. The paper describes the basic technologies used for the production of fiber cement with a description of their advantages and disadvantages for the given type of product. The paper also describes the most commonly used types of fillers and their impact on the final fiber cement products. The paper also describes selected alternative raw materials used for the production of fiber cement and their impact on the final products. The paper describes the possible use of waste dust from facade fiber cement boards in the production of corrugated sheets. Trial recipes were designed with partial replacement of original raw materials with waste dust. The fiber-cement corrugated sheets were produced with using Hatchesk technology. Mainly was investigated the influence of the addition of waste dust on the strength characteristics and the volume weight of the final products. The produced sheets were tested according to EN 494+A1: 2016 Fibre-cement profiled sheets and fittings - Product specification and test methods. The tested samples with waste dust reached comparable results like sheets produced according to standard recipe. No negative effect was proven of the addition of waste dust on the strength characteristics of final products.