Test Bias Research Articles

Cross-border interpersonal knowledge sharing within the MNE: does intra-MNE competition hinder or facilitate it?

Purpose The existing literature presents mixed findings on how intra-multinational enterprise (MNE) competition affects cross-border interpersonal knowledge sharing; some studies indicate that it hinders, while others suggest that it facilitates, such exchanges. The purpose of this study is to address this issue by proposing and testing the U-shaped curvilinear effects of intra-MNE competition on cross-border interpersonal knowledge sharing. Design/methodology/approach The authors conducted a survey bias test, confirmatory factor analysis and regression analysis on data gathered from a two-stage questionnaire survey of 333 R&D employees in India, representing 40 R&D subsidiaries across MNEs headquartered in 11 countries. To mitigate potential common method bias, the authors implemented ex-ante and ex-post measures. Findings The results of this study show a U-shaped effect of perceived intra-MNE competition on interpersonal knowledge sharing behaviours. The authors found that low to moderate levels of intra-MNE competition hinder cross-border interpersonal knowledge sharing within the MNE, while moderate to high levels facilitate it. Originality/value The novelty of this study lies in challenging the current linear relationship and highlighting that the impact of the perceived intensity of intra-MNE competition on knowledge-sharing behaviours varies at different competition levels.

Pilates exercise in pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Pilates is widely acknowledged as an effective exercise for enhancing physical, psychological, and motor functions. However, there remains ongoing debate regarding the effects of Pilates on pregnancy outcomes. Thus, the objective of this systematic review was to evaluate and critically analyze the existing scientific evidence regarding the effects of Pilates on pregnant women. A thorough search was performed across 7 databases, focusing on articles published up to June 2024. The quality of evidence was assessed using the Cochrane RoB Tool, and STATA 17.0 software was utilized to perform tests for heterogeneity, publication bias, and sensitivity analysis. (1) A total of 11 studies were included in this review, comprising 538 participants. Among these, 3 studies exhibited a low risk of bias, while 8 studies presented an unclear risk of bias. (2) The meta-analysis results indicated that Pilates exercise resulted in non-significant changes in the Body Mass Index (BMI) of pregnant women (SMD 0.02; 95% CI, -0.27 to 0.31; P = 0.887), the body weight of pregnant women (SMD 0.25; 95% CI, -0.52 to 1.02; P = 0.519), the mode of delivery (RR 1.41; 95% CI, 0.95 to 2.09; P = 0.093), and the Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels of pregnant women (SMD - 1.182; 95% CI, -2.443 to 0.079; P = 0.066). However, Pilates exercise during pregnancy was associated with significant improvements in APGAR scores at 1min (SMD 0.41; 95% CI, 0.08 to 0.74; P = 0.015), a reduction in the duration of labor (SMD - 0.557; 95% CI, -0.915 to -0.198; P = 0.002), and a decrease in the Visual Analogue Score (VAS) score (SMD - 0.76; 95% CI, -1.45 to -0.07; P = 0.032). (3) Sensitivity analysis revealed no significant differences in effect size before and after the removal of any individual study, indicating that the meta-analysis results were stable. This systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrate that Pilates during pregnancy positively influences the shortening of labor duration, improves the newborn's immediate physiological status, and alleviates labor pain. The study was registered on the International Prospective Registry of Systematic Reviews--PROSPERO database (CRD42023393309) on January 30, 2023.

Orofacial pain models induce impairment in spatial learning and working memory in rodents: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Orofacial pain is one of the most common causes of chronic pain leading to physical and cognitive disability. Several clinical and pre-clinical studies suggest that chronic pain results in cognitive impairment. However, there is a lack of meta-analyses examining the effects of orofacial pain models on behavioral learning and memory in rodents. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate whether orofacial pain models can impair learning and memory in rodents. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023355502). We used CAMARADES and SYRCLE to estimate the quality and the publication bias by using Egger's and Begg's test. Here, 21 studies were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. We included 12 studies with trigeminal neuralgia models, 4 with migraine-like pain models, 4 with tooth nociception, and 1 with acute orofacial pain model. Spontaneous nociception and facial mechanical allodynia were observed in orofacial pain models. Regarding spatial learning we detected that latency to find the platform in the Morris water maze (MWM) was increased in orofacial pain models (related to facial mechanical allodynia or spontaneous nociception). Although the mean quality of the articles was high, we identify publication bias in the Begg's test for the time in the quadrant in the MWM. Our findings revealed that spontaneous nociception and facial mechanical allodynia in orofacial pain models contribute to the working memory and spatial learning dysfunction. Therefore, further studies are still needed to evaluate the influence of sex, age, social isolation, and environmental enrichment in orofacial pain-related learning and memory.

Prenatal cannabis exposure and the risk of subsequent maltreatment.

Parental substance use can increase the risk of child maltreatment. The purpose of this study was to assess racial bias in newborn drug testing and to investigate the association between prenatal tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) exposure and subsequent child maltreatment. This retrospective cohort study (n=35,437) linked University of Michigan Hospital birth data and Michigan Department of Health and Human Services child maltreatment data relative to a 2018 policy change. Prior to 2018, prenatal THC exposure was routinely substantiated as physical abuse; after 2018 THC exposure was investigated but not automatically substantiated. We defined prenatal THC exposure as a positive newborn meconium drug test for THC. The primary outcome was a substantiated Child Protective Services (CPS) report of maltreatment before and after the policy change. Demographic variables included parent age, race, ethnicity, zip code and insurance type. Covariates included prenatal urine drug test orders and results, and newborn drug test orders and results. Regression models estimated the rate of subsequent maltreatment and racial disparities associated with newborn testing. Regression analyses indicated that Black and multiracial newborns were significantly more likely to be tested for substance exposure at birth. Newborns with a test positive for THC only were not more likely to experience maltreatment after the policy change as compared with newborns that tested negative and newborns not tested. The evidence strongly supports a policy to end routine CPS investigations for cannabis exposure and eliminate racially biased drug testing practices.

The Association between use of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Inhibitors and the Risk and Mortality of Pancreatic Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Pancreatic Cancer (PC) is one of the most malignant tumors and highly invasive neoplasms around the world. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to study the relationship between the use of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors and the incidence and mortality of PC. The electronic search was conducted systematically until October 10, 2023. in databases, including Scopus, Web of Science (WOS), PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and Embase. The required data were extracted from the articles and were analyzed by Stata 15 using statistical tests (Chi-square and I2), Forest plots, and publication bias tests (Begg's and Egger's tests). A total of four studies (2011-2019; n=314,856) investigated the relationship between RAS antagonists and PC risk. No significant associations were found between angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) (OR=0.94, 95% CI: 0.77-1.14, p=0.513), angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) (OR=0.96, 95% CI: 0.84-1.09, p=0.505), or combination therapy (ARBs + ACEIs) (OR=0.97, 95% CI: 0.87-1.09, p=0.627) and PC risk. Also, nine studies (2010-2023; n=20,483) examined the association between renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors and PC mortality. Significant reductions in PC mortality were found for ARBs (OR=0.81, 95% CI: 0.66-0.98, p=0.032), ACEIs (OR=0.89, 95% CI: 0.80-0.99, p=0.038), and combination therapy (OR=0.83, 95% CI: 0.70-0.97, p=0.022). No evidence of publication bias was found in the study results. In summary, while renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors did not appear to impact PC risk, their use was associated with lower PC mortality based on this meta-analysis of the current evidence. More rigorous and well-designed studies are required to validate and support these findings.

Affective bodily responses in monkeys predict subsequent pessimism, but not vice versa.

Affect is a complex interplay of behaviour, physiology, cognition and subjective feelings. The James-Lange theory, which posits that affective bodily responses occur first and subsequently shape our affective experiences, has been extensively studied in humans but remains underexplored in non-human animals. This study employs a judgement bias test to explore the relationship between peripheral bodily responses, specifically self-scratching associated with negative affect, and shifts in cognitive information-processing modes (i.e. a 'pessimistic' judgement bias characterized by heightened anticipation of undesirable outcomes) in Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata). Our findings support the hypothesis that bodily responses precede and influence changes in cognitive modes, demonstrating that self-scratching predicts subsequent pessimistic judgements, but not vice versa. This study provides comparative insights into the biological underpinnings of affect, highlighting that peripheral behaviours can shape cognitive processes in non-human primates. These results have broader implications for understanding the evolutionary continuity and adaptive significance of affective response systems across species.

SELECTING AN ADEQUATE MODEL FOR TIME SERIES DECOMPOSITION WHEN THE TREND CURVE IS QUADRATIC

The Buys-Ballot (B-B) approach for the decomposition of additive and multiplicative models in descriptive time series (TS) was examined in this paper. The selection of an adequate model is very important as it shows the underlying structure of the series because the fitted model will be used for future forecasting. Mis-specifying the model characteristics of the data is consequential and can result in biased tests and false predictions The Buys-Ballot method was demonstrated for the selection of an appropriate model and a statistical test that will aid in the selection between additive and multiplicative models was proposed when the trending curve is quadratic. The model identified was used for the forecast. Using the B-B technique, the column variances for the additive model do not contain the seasonal effect while that of the multiplicative model contains the seasonal effect. This distinction was then applied to select between additive and multiplicative models. The chi-square test was proposed for the selection between additive and multiplicative models for the decomposition of TS data. The results when applied to a quadratic trend curve reveal that the appropriate model for the decomposition of the data is the additive model as all calculated chi-square values are within the chi-square acceptance region based on a two-tail test at a 1% level of significance. The additive model identified was then used to decompose the series and the trend analysis model was used for the forecast of the series. The chi-square test was proposed to justify the Buys-Ballot method for...

P-1381. Gender-based Testing Differences for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Military Service Members

Abstract Background Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections impose a significant burden to the military, due to its young, sexually active population. In previous studies, female service members had 3-5 times the rate of both these infections as compared to men for unclear reasons. The purpose of this study was to investigate if gender-based differences in infection rates for chlamydia and gonorrhea may be due to gender-based differences in testing practices. Demographic Information of 1620 Military Service Members Tested for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae at Brooke Army Medical Center and Wilford Hall Ambulatory Surgical Center June-September 2023 Methods A retrospective chart review was conducted on military service members who underwent testing for chlamydia and gonorrhea at Joint Base San Antonio between June and September 2023. The local electronic health record database was queried to determine patient demographics (age, gender, race, ethnicity, rank, military branch), clinical setting and indications for testing. Results A total of 3768 patients were identified. 2148 female basic trainees who underwent mandatory entry screening were excluded, leaving 1620 (43%) patients for analysis. The cohort was predominantly female (67.5%) and enlisted (84.2%) with a median age of 27. Male patients were more likely to be tested for patient driven factors, such as symptoms (41.2%) or patient request (24.5%). Female patients were most frequently tested due to clinical algorithm (53.0%). Tested male patients were more likely to have a positive result than female patients for both chlamydia (8.7% vs 3.9%, p=< 0.001) and gonorrhea (2.8% vs 0.4%, p=< 0.001) (Table). Conclusion Although women were more frequently tested for chlamydia and gonorrhea infections, male service members had significantly higher positivity rates, with more patient-driven indications for testing. This study implies the higher positivity rates in female patients compared to the male patients that has been previously reported is at least partially due to a testing bias. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

Concurrent Validity and Reliability of In-Person and Supervised Remote STEADI Fall Risk Assessment in Community-Dwelling Older Adults.

Physical therapists play a vital role in preventing and managing falls in older adults. With advancements in digital health and technology, community fall prevention programs need to adopt valid and reliable telehealth-based assessments. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of the telehealth-based timed up and go (TUG) test, 30-second chair stand test (30s-CST), and four-stage (4-stage) balance test as functional components of the Stopping Elderly Accidents, Deaths, and Injuries (STEADI) fall risk assessment. This cross-sectional study was conducted using a convenience sample of community-dwelling older adults. The TUG, 30s-CST, and 4-stage balance test were administered in random order in 1 session in the participant's own environment. Performance was scored concurrently by an in-person and synchronous telehealth rater. The video recordings of the performances were scored by an asynchronous telehealth rater on days 1 and 30 for inter- and intra-rater reliability. Additionally, participants performed the TUG test twice, using the distance measured by the participant and the distance measured by the in-person rater. To establish the validity of telehealth-based STEADI fall risk assessments, the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC), Pearson correlation coefficient, and 95% limits of agreement were derived. Inter- and intra-rater reliability were established by calculating ICC using a 2-way mixed model. Bland-Altman plots were created for nonsignificant proportional bias tests. Thirty community-dwelling older adults participated. Based on the STEADI algorithm, 13 participants were classified as having a moderate fall risk. A comparison of in-person and synchronous telehealth ratings showed excellent ICCs (0.97-0.99) and relationships (r=0.94-0.98). Bland-Altman plots were created for all tests except for the 30s-CST (t=-2.168, P =.04). All tests had good to excellent inter-rater reliability (ICC=0.84-1.00) and intra-rater reliability (0.77-1.00). No adverse events were reported. This study suggests that telehealth-administered functional tests in the STEADI fall risk assessment are valid and reliable when technology, environment, camera view, and angle are optimally managed.

Association Between Patient Safety Culture and Missed Nursing Care in Healthcare Settings: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

To appraise and synthesise existing research on the relationship between patient safety culture and missed nursing care. Systematic review and meta-analysis. Peer-reviewed articles published from 2010 onwards were searched from five databases (CINAHL, ProQuest, PubMed, ScienceDirect and Web of Science). A total of nine studies were identified. Among these, seven studies with a combined sample size of 1661 participants were included in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis revealed a significant negative correlation between overall patient safety culture and missed nursing care, with a pooled correlation coefficient of -0.205 (95% CI: -0.251 to -0.158) (p < 0.001). Heterogeneity was low to moderate (I2 = 13.18%, 95% CI: 0.00 to 78.60), and publication bias tests indicated no significant bias (Egger's test p = 0.0603; Begg's test p = 0.3476). The findings underscore a significant inverse relationship between patient safety culture and missed nursing care, highlighting the specific predictive roles of management support, organisational learning and unit-level safety culture. Enhancing patient safety culture within healthcare organisations can be a strategic approach to mitigate missed nursing care. Nursing leaders and administrators should prioritise fostering a safety-oriented culture through targeted interventions, continuous education and supportive policies to improve patient care outcomes. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. No patient or public contribution.

Cognitive Bias in Adult Zebrafish (Danio rerio): A Systematic Review.

In recent years, the use of zebrafish (Danio rerio) as laboratory models has significantly increased. Ensuring their welfare is crucial, with the cognitive bias test emerging as a valuable tool to assess their emotional state. This systematic review examines the application of the cognitive bias test in zebrafish research. The review adhered to PRISMA guidelines. A systematic search was conducted in scientific databases, including PubMed and Scopus, yielding 30 articles. Additionally, one abstract identified through bibliographic screening of selected papers was included. Six studies were selected for analysis, and their quality was assessed using SYRCLE's risk-of-bias tool. Three experimental models were employed to conduct the cognitive bias test in zebrafish, focusing on the relationship between their affective state and environmental conditions, cognitive abilities, and life-history strategies but none of the studies adequately reported the techniques employed to reduce bias. The cognitive bias test proved effective in assessing the emotional state of zebrafish; however, methodological biases may have influenced the results. The cognitive bias test offers valuable insights into how emotional states affect cognitive abilities, responses to environmental changes (e.g., physical enrichment), and stress responses. Further research addressing methodological limitations is necessary to validate these findings and improve data reproducibility.

Effects of oxytocin administration on non-social executive functions in humans: a preregistered systematic review and meta-analysis.

Oxytocin has received considerable research attention for its role in affiliative behaviors, particularly regarding its pro-social effects. More recent evidence has pointed to a broader role of oxytocin signaling, which includes non-social cognitive processes. However, meta-analytic data on oxytocin's effects on non-social cognition is currently limited. We registered plans for a systematic review and meta-analysis on the effects of oxytocin administration on non-social executive functions prior to data collection via a time-stamped protocol. We performed searches in PubMed, Europe PubMed Central, and the Bielefeld Academic Search Engine. We conducted a meta-analysis of 20 effect estimates from 13 eligible studies. Subgroup meta-analyses and a test for publication bias were also performed. We found no overall significant effect of oxytocin administration on non-social executive functions (p = 0.30; Hedges' g = 0.07). However, effect sizes across sub-categories of executive function varied, where the effect of oxytocin administration was the largest for cognitive flexibility (p = 0.02; Hedges' g = 0.2). Publication bias was assessed using Robust Bayesian Meta-Analysis, which yielded moderate support for the absence of publication bias (BFPB = 0.32). Our analysis suggests that oxytocin's effects may extend beyond social cognitive processing as data synthesis provided evidence supporting a role in non-social cognitive flexibility. The data and analysis output from this meta-analysis can be viewed in a point-and-click web application.

The global prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis genital infection in pregnant women: a meta-analysis.

Chlamydia trachomatis genital infection is one of the most common sexually transmitted bacterial infections with severe detrimental effects on pregnant women and fetuses. CTGI increases the risk of ectopic pregnancy, exogenous fetal infection, and respiratory complications such as bronchitis and pneumonia. According to the different published reports, this systematic review and meta-analysis study aimed to evaluate the global prevalence of CTGI in pregnant women. Initial searching was applied using valid databases of PubMed, ScienceDirect, Embase, WoS, Scopus, and Google Scholar using MeSH keywords (by October 2023). Following duplicate detection and data exclusion, the Title and Abstract of other remaining papers were evaluated (primary screening). Full-texts of selected papers were assessed (secondary screening) and eligible studies were included for data extraction (total No of investigated pregnant women and the number of positive cases). The PRISMA approach was used for paper selection, and the quality assessment was determined according to the STROBE checklist. Data meta-analysis, heterogeneity, publication bias, and the factors affecting heterogeneity index were analyzed using CMA software. The findings were presented in the Forest Plot diagram and Static tables. Besides, heterogeneity was analyzed using I2 test and diffusion bias was demonstrated in Funnel Plot. Among 1061 selected articles, 44 eligible investigations were enrolled for meta-analysis. The global prevalence of chlamydia trachomatis genital infection (CTGI) was found 8.4% (95% CI 5.8 - 12.1). Meta-regression analysis showed that following the increase in sample size and year of paper publication, the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis genital infection in pregnant women decreased significantly (p < 0.05). The global prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis genital infection in pregnant women is considerably influenced by some interfering factors including Age, Socioeconomic status, Geographic region, and Individual behaviors. Thus, the implementation of more comprehensive health programs for prevention, screening, and treatment seems necessary, especially for high-risk pregnant cases.

Bone expansion as a horizontal alveolar ridge augmentation technique: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Bone expansion is one of the quickest, simplest, and most reliable methods of alveolar ridge augmentation for implant placement. This systematic review is designed to investigate the outcomes of the bone expansion technique for horizontal ridge augmentation. The protocol of study has been prospectively registered into PROSPERO (CRD42023414686). Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus databases were searched. Human original articles utilizing different bone expansion procedures for horizontal ridge augmentation without the use of bone materials or combined with vertical ridge augmentation techniques were included in the study. Qualitative and quantitative synthesis have been conducted. I-squared was used to assess heterogeneity. Meta-regression, forest plots random-effect model, and weighted mean difference were used for analysis. Leave-one-out influence analysis for finding outliers. Egger's publication bias test and Funnel plots were used to address publication bias. 3291 records were identified. Ten articles were included in this study after screening. The survival and complication rates of implants placed simultaneously with bone expansion was 100% 100% (95% CI: 99-100%) and 0% (95% CI: 0-1%), respectively. The meta-regression revealed that by each month passing from the implant placement the survival probability would be decreased significantly by 0.08% (95% CI: 0.009-0.15%; P = 0.03). The weighted mean ridge width difference before and after the osseodensification was 1.55mm (95% CI: 0.92-2.17mm). Based on the study's limitations it can be concluded that the bone expansion procedure can be considered an efficient and safe method regarding the survival and complication rates of placed implants. N/A.

Testing for Bias in Forecasts for Independent Multinomial Outcomes

This paper deals with a test on forecast bias in predicting independent multinomial outcomes where the predictions are probabilities. The new Likelihood Ratio (and Wald) test extends the familiar Mincer Zarnowitz regression to a multinomial logit model instead of a linear regression. The test is evaluated using various simulation experiments, which indicate that the size and power properties are good, even for small sample sizes, in the sense that the size is close to the used 5% level, and the power quickly reaches 1. We implement the test in an empirical setting on brand choice by individual households.

How Can China’s Autonomous Vehicle Companies Use Digital Empowerment to Improve Innovation Quality?—The Role of Digital Platform Capabilities and Boundary-Spanning Search

The acquisition, integration, and exchange of digital technologies considerably contribute to the improvement of corporate innovation quality, as autonomous vehicles are a complex amalgamation of multiple industrial chains. In order to address the intense global competition in the autonomous vehicles industry and help China’s enterprises establish a prominent position in technological innovation, this study innovatively integrates the concepts of digital empowerment, digital platform capabilities, and boundary-spanning search into a cohesive framework, examines the pathways of influence, and methodically builds a multiple-chain mediation model. It employs various quantitative models, such as reliability and validity testing, confirmatory factor analysis, common method bias testing, mediation effect analysis, and robustness testing. The study focuses on over a hundred companies related to autonomous vehicles in China, employing software such as SPSS26.0, AMOS26.0, PROCESS4.0, and MPLUS8.3 to conduct this analysis. The findings indicate that digital empowerment is a critical factor in the improvement of innovation quality within autonomous vehicle companies. The relationship between digital empowerment and innovation quality is partially mediated by digital platform capabilities, and the boundary-spanning search also functions as a partial intermediary. Additionally, the quality of innovation and digital empowerment are mediated by the boundary-spanning search and the capabilities of digital platforms. The results of this study provide valuable insights on how to accurately empower the high-quality development of the autonomous vehicle sector with digital technologies, revealing new perspectives on the innovation quality enhancement pathways for autonomous vehicle companies in China, offering pivotal insights amidst the escalating competition within the global autonomous vehicle sector.

Effects of physical exercise on anxiety depression and emotion regulation in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to comprehensively evaluate the impact of physical exercise interventions on anxiety, depression, and emotional regulation in children diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). A comprehensive search was conducted across multiple databases, including Embase, Web of Science (WOS), PubMed, The Cochrane Library, Wanfang Data, VIP Information, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), from their inception up to July 2024. The search aimed to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the impact of physical exercise on anxiety, depression, and emotional regulation in children diagnosed with ADHD. The Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale was employed to assess the quality of the literature, while the revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool (ROB-2) was used to evaluate the overall risk of bias. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) profiler method was utilized to further assess the quality of evidence. Meta-analysis, sensitivity analysis, and publication bias testing were performed using Stata 18.0 software. Effect sizes were calculated using the standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). The analysis included 18 RCTs, encompassing 830 participants. Physical exercise exhibited a significant positive effect on anxiety (SMD = -0.58, p < 0.05), depression (SMD = -0.57, p < 0.05), and emotional regulation (SMD = 1.03, p < 0.05) in children diagnosed with ADHD. Subgroup analysis revealed that exercise programs with monotypic and mixed modalities, short duration, high frequencies, medium duration, and moderate intensities were the most efficacious in ameliorating anxiety symptoms. The mixed exercise program, when conducted for short duration, with low frequencies, medium duration, and moderate intensity was the most effective in alleviating depression symptoms. Exercise programs featuring mixed modalities, longer duration, moderate to high frequencies, shorter duration, and low intensity yielded the most significant improvements in emotional regulation. Research demonstrates that physical exercise mitigates anxiety and depression and improves emotional regulation in children with ADHD. A dose-response relationship is evident, correlating with the type, duration, intensity, frequency, and overall exercise duration. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, PROSPERO identifier (CRD42024571577).

Effect of exercise intervention on health-related quality of life in middle-aged and older people with osteoporosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Osteoporosis is a common condition affecting middle-aged and older people, posing a serious threat to their health-related quality of life (HRQOL). In recent years, multiple studies have investigated the impact of exercise interventions on HRQOL in middle-aged and older individuals with osteoporosis, but the conclusions have been inconsistent. The aim of this study was to determine the true significance of exercise interventions on HRQOL in middle-aged and older individuals with osteoporosis and to identify optimal exercise prescriptions. Six databases were searched for RCTs on the impact of exercise interventions on HRQOL in middle-aged and older individuals with osteoporosis. The methodological quality of the study was evaluated with Cochrane risk assessment tool. The effect size pooling, heterogeneity testing, and publication bias were analyzed using Review Manager 5.4 software. A total of 14 RCTs involving 1,214 participants were included, published between 2007 and 2022. The pooled results demonstrated that exercise interventions significantly improved general HRQOL (SMD = 0.79, 95% CI [0.34-1.24], p = 0.0006). In terms of physical HRQOL, significant improvements were observed in bodily pain (SMD = 0.51, 95% CI [0.24-0.78], p= 0.0002), physical function (SMD = 0.56, 95% CI [0.21-0.91], p = 0.002), role physical (SMD = 0.39, 95% CI [0.14-0.64], p = 0.003), and general health (SMD = 0.68, 95% CI [0.25-1.11], p = 0.002). Regarding mental HRQOL, significant improvements were found in vitality (SMD = 0.58, 95% CI [0.15-1.01], p = 0.008), social function (SMD = 0.37, 95% CI [0.17-0.58], p = 0.0004), and mental health (SMD = 0.50, 95% CI [0.25-0.74], p <0.0001). Subgroup analysis results indicated that resistance training (SMD = 1.01, 95% CI [0.50-1.52], p = 0.0001), intervention frequency of at least three times per week (SMD = 0.80, 95% CI [0.22-1.38], p = 0.007), and intervention duration of 13-24 weeks (SMD = 0.85, 95% CI [0.37-1.33], p = 0.0005) had large and significant effects on general HRQOL improvements. Exercise interventions improved HRQOL in middle-aged and older individuals with osteoporosis. Resistance training has shown greater benefits than mixed exercises. The optimal frequency is at least three per week, yielding the greatest improvement. Exercise interventions lasting 13-24 weeks had the most pronounced effect compared to other durations. PROSPERO (No. CRD42023438771).

Placenta-derived biomaterials vs. standard care in chronic diabetic foot ulcer healing: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

This study explored the effectiveness of current placenta-derived biomaterials therapies in ulcer healing in DFU compared to standard of care (SOC). The systematic review and meta-analysis were performed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) standard. The electronic databases of PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science (WoS) internet were searched for the outcome rate of complete ulcer healing. The risk of bias assessment was conducted using the tool recommended by the Cochrane Collaboration. Statistical analysis included the individual and combined result of the studies, heterogeneity test, the effect size, sensitivity analysis, and publication bias tests. Twelve randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with a total of 833 patients were included in this study. This meta-analysis showed a higher rate of complete ulcer healing in groups receiving placenta-derived biomaterials therapies (OR=6.247 [4.425, 8.819], p<0.01, I2=41%) compared to control groups. Placenta-derived biomaterials therapies have been shown to be more effective for achieving complete ulcer healing compared to current conventional treatments in DFU. The utilization of placenta-derived biomaterials in therapies for wound healing, particularly in chronic DFU, presents promising implications for clinical practice. These biomaterials offer a rich source of growth factors, cytokines, and extracellular matrix components, which can stimulate tissue regeneration and angiogenesis. Incorporating such therapies into clinical practice holds the potential to accelerate wound closure, reduce infection rates, and improve overall healing outcomes in people with diabetic chronic foot ulcers. Furthermore, the availability of these biomaterials can offer clinicians a readily-accessible and cost-effective alternative to traditional wound care approaches, ultimately enhancing patient care and quality of life. This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

Effectiveness of Role-play Method: A Meta-analysis

To investigate the effectiveness of role-play methods in education. Meta-analysis was conducted, and publication bias test and heterogeneity test were performed. Robustness was also tested by the removal-by-removal method. Finally, subgroup analyses were conducted to explore the effects on teaching effectiveness under different moderating variables. Twelve articles with 22 effect size samples involving 907 participants, including 821 university students and 86 secondary school students, were finally included. Meta-analysis demonstrated that teaching with the role-play method had a more significant positive effect on students than the control group (ES=0.818, 95% confidence interval 0.600-1.035). We also found that the role-play method had the most significant impact on students' Skills. This study demonstrates that role-play can enhance learning in all dimensions by allowing students to take on different roles and situations.