Sample Test Research Articles

Ultra-rapid determination of andrographolide and dehydroandrographolide in Andrographis Herba by solid phase extraction and liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry

AbstractAn ultra-rapid analytical method for determination of andrographolide and dehydroandrographolide in Andrographis Herba (AH) was developed by liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The sample was ultrasonically extracted with 10 mL 40% (v/v) methanol, and then purified with a C18 solid phase extraction column. The LC separation was performed on a Poroshell 120 EC-C18 column (30 × 2.1 mm, 2.7 μm) and eluted with 0.5 mmol L−1 ammonium acetate aqueous solution and acetonitrile (65:35) at a flow rate of 0.7 mL min−1, and detected by mass spectrometry (MS). The LC-MS analytical time was less than 1 min. The new developed method presented a good linearity (r > 0.9900), precision and repeatability (RSD < 2.0%). The recoveries for andrographolide and dehydroandrographolide were 93.5% (RSD = 2.2%) and 97.7% (RSD = 2.4%), respectively. The developed method was successfully applied in determination of andrographolide and dehydroandrographolide in seven batches of AH samples, and the contents of analytes in all samples were complied with the relative acceptance criteria in Chinese Pharmacopeia (>0.8%). This new developed LC-MS method is an ultra-rapid assay method for AH, which will help to improve the efficiency and reduce the cost of AH sample test.

Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) Changes in Virologically Suppressed People Living with HIVSwitching to Long-Acting Cabotegravir and Rilpivirine.

Limited evidence is available about sleep quality changes associated with the use of Cabotegravir (CAB), a new, long-acting (LA) antiretroviral (ARV) drug belonging to the class of Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors (INSTIs). Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was calculated in 53 people living with HIV (PLWH) under the care of the outpatient services of two Italian Infectious Diseases Centers in Apuliabefore (M0) and seven months after (M7) the switch to LA CAB. Global scores and relative subitems were compared using paired sample tests. The same analysis was repeated in subgroups of PLWH switching from INSTIs-, Dolutegravir-(DTG), and Bictegravir (BIC)-based regimens. A significant reduction was reported in global mean (±StandardDeviation, SD) PSQI at M7 compared to M0 (4 (±3) vs. 3 (±2), p = 0.01), particularly in the areas of sleep latency and sleep disturbances. The improvement was also significant in PLWH already on INSTIs- (from median 3 to 2 points, p = 0.02) and DTG-based (from median 4 to 2, p = 0.01) ARV regimens, but not among those who switched from BIC-based regimens. PLWH reported improved sleep quality after switching from ARV treatment to LA CAB. Further studies are needed to give deeper insights into this phenomenon.

Cathodic Decomposition Electrodes as Standard Reference Electrodes for Molten Salts: Example of the Lithium Eutectic Electrode for the LiCl-KCl Eutectic

Alternatives to the widely-used standard anodic decomposition reference electrodes in molten salts are necessary to enable more easily reproduced thermochemical and electrochemical data in molten salt electrolytes. The class of standard reference electrodes called cathodic decomposition electrodes (CDEs) are easily constructed and can be used to make thermochemical measurements in molten salts more directly compared to anodic decomposition electrodes. The lithium eutectic electrode (LEE) was chosen as a sample test case for validation and was applied to thermochemical measurements of electroactive species in molten LiCl-KCl eutectic. Transient measurements were made to measure the Li+/Li reduction potential at zero current in pure LiCl-KCl eutectic relative to a Li-alloy reference electrode to validate the reference potential of the LEE. Literature-reported electromotive force measurements against Li-alloy reference electrodes were used to generate a relationship between the LEE and the standard chlorine electrode and this relationship was used to evaluate measured and reported formal potential measurements for the LiCl-KCl-GdCl3 system. This work demonstrates the general framework for defining CDEs for any molten salt system and a method for calibrating external reference electrodes against a CDE standard reference electrode, improving the ease of obtaining thermochemical and electrochemical measurements in any molten salt system.

Ultrasonic testing method for impeller brazing defects with refraction wave perpendicular to brazing surface and angle amplitude compensation

Abstract There are blind areas in ultrasonic brazing defect detection, due to the non-parallel brazing surface and outer surface for many components including impeller. In this paper an oblique incident ultrasonic testing method with a refraction wave perpendicular to brazing surface is proposed. Meanwhile, an incident angle amplitude compensation is implemented to decrease the influence of the defect echo amplitude difference caused by oblique incidence and unify the sensitivity of different scanning positions. The compensation curve based on the theoretical curve of echo energy at different incident angles is optimized with iteration of actual measured defect echo amplitude. In order to prove the need for ultrasonic testing method with a refraction wave perpendicular to brazing surface, bottom surface echo test for conical samples is operated. In addition, with the method proposed in this paper, scanning image of impeller sample with the same detection sensitivity is obtained successfully. Testing results suggest that in relation to old method with incident wave perpendicular to the outer surface, the method proposed in this paper can solve the blind area problem effectively.

Systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy in chronic wound's microbiology.

This study aims to assess the diagnostic accuracy of non-culture-based methodologies for detecting microorganisms in chronic wounds. We systematically reviewed studies that evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of alternative tests in chronic wound samples, excluding studies focused on animal samples or unrelated conditions. The search encompassed PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus and Web of Science databases, employing the QUADAS-2 tool for risk of bias assessment. Our search included the PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus and Web of Science databases, and we assessed the risk of bias using the QUADAS-2 tool. A meta-analysis was conducted on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and colorimetric methods to determine sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic odds ratio, and summary receiver-operating characteristic (sROC) curves using a random-effects model. For methods not suitable for quantitative synthesis, a narrative synthesis was performed. Nineteen studies involving various types of chronic wounds were analysed, revealing diverse diagnostic methods including fluorescence, PCR, colorimetry, voltammetry, electronic nose, biosensors, enzymatic methods, staining and microscopy. Combining fluorescence with clinical signs and symptoms (CSS) versus culture showed significant accuracy. Colorimetry demonstrated low sensitivity but high specificity, with a diagnostic odds ratio of 6.3. PCR generally exhibited good accuracy, although significant heterogeneity was noted, even in subgroup analyses. This study identified a broad spectrum of diagnostic approaches, highlighting the superior diagnostic accuracy achieved when microbiological analysis is combined with clinical assessments. However, the heterogeneity and methodological variations across studies present challenges in meta-analysis. Future research should aim for standardized and homogeneous study designs to enhance the assessment of diagnostic accuracy for alternative methods.

The disaggregation of the oswestry disability index in patients undergoing lumbar surgery for degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis

BACKGROUND CONTEXTThe Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), is a widely used patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) for assessing functional status in individuals with lumbar spine pathology. The ODI is used by surgeons to determine the initial status and monitor progress after surgery. Compiled ODI data enables comparisons between different surgical techniques. Degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis (DLS) often causes symptoms such as back pain and neurogenic claudication affecting quality of life and activities of daily living captured by the ODI. Despite extensive studies on ODI changes after spinal surgery, little is known about the characteristics and changes in the different ODI subsections. PURPOSETo analyze the baseline characteristics and changes in total ODI and ODI subsections 2 years after elective lumbar surgery. STUDY DESIGNRetrospective analysis on patients prospectively enrolled who underwent spinal surgery for degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis from 2016 to 2018. The ODI was assessed preoperatively and 2 years postoperatively. PATIENT SAMPLEA total of 265 patients were included in the study, 60% were female. The mean age of the patients was 67±8 years, and the mean BMI was 30±6 kg/m2. OUTCOME MEASURESThe analysis considered the differences in ODI scores before and after surgery, as well as the changes in all ODI subsections 2 years after elective lumbar surgery for DLS. METHODSThe analysis evaluated differences in ODI scores and variations in different subsections. Patients without an ODI follow-up at 2 years were excluded from the study. The study utilized the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test for all prepost paired samples. The Wilcoxon rank sum test was used for sex and procedure comparisons for overall ODI and ODI subsection analysis. Univariate linear regression was applied for overall and subsection specific ODI outcomes with age and BMI as independent variables, respectively. The statistical significance level was set at p<.05. RESULTSImprovement in ODI was observed in 242 patients (91%). The highest baseline disability values were found for the questions regarding pain intensity (3.4±1.3), lifting (3.2±1.9), and standing (3.4±1.3). The lowest preoperative functional limitations were observed in sleeping (1.6±1.3), personal care (1.6±1.4), traveling (1.6±1.2) and sitting (1.5±1.4). At the 2-year follow-up, there was significant improvement in all questions and the overall ODI (all p<.001). The ODI subsections that showed the greatest absolute improvements were changing degree of pain (−2.6), with 89% of patients experiencing improvement, standing (−2.4) with 87% of patients experiencing improvement, and pain intensity (−2.1) with 81% of patients experiencing improvement. The subsections with the least improvement were personal care (−0.6), sitting (−0.7), and sleeping (−0.9). The study found that female patients had a significantly higher preoperative disability in various subsections but showed greater improvement in total ODI compared to male patients (p=.001). Additionally, improvement in sitting (p<.001), traveling (p<.001), social life (p<.001) and sleeping (p=.018) were significantly higher in female patients. Older patients showed significantly less improvement in sitting (p=.005) and sleeping (p=.002). A higher BMI was significantly associated with less improvement in changing degree of pain (p=.025) and higher baseline disability in various subsections. Patients who underwent decompression and fusion had significantly higher baseline disability in several subsections compared to those who underwent decompression alone. There was no significant difference between decompression alone and decompression with fusion in terms of overall improvement in the ODI and improvement in the subsections. CONCLUSIONThese results offer a more comprehensive understanding of ODI and its changes across different subsections. This insight is invaluable for improving preoperative education and effectively managing patient expectations regarding potential postsurgery disability in specific areas.

Healthcare professional motivation in Poland and Ukraine: The role of profession, gender, and country

The purpose of this study was to examine the differences in intrinsic vs. extrinsic motivation among medical students, doctors, and nurses in two countries – Ukraine and Poland. As a secondary aim, gender differences were considered as well. During 2019, until the beginning of 2020, before the COVID-19 pandemic started, healthcare professionals from two hospitals and medical students from one university in Poland and healthcare professionals from two hospitals and medical students from one university in Ukraine were recruited to participate in the study. The Wilcoxon test for paired samples was used to compare each participant’s score on the intrinsic vs. extrinsic motivation sub-scales. Differences were examined by country, gender, profession, and combinations of these factors. In Poland, 142 doctors, nurses, and medical students were recruited. In Ukraine, 126 doctors, nurses, and medical students were recruited. Respondents completed an anonymous paper-and-pencil survey that required minimal socio-demographic information (age, gender, profession, and years of experience) so that the respondent would remain unidentifiable. The results show that male doctors were more extrinsically vs. intrinsically motivated (p=0.003), while female doctors and students were more intrinsically vs. extrinsically motivated in both Ukraine and Poland (p=0.023). Male students and nurses from both countries were equally motivated by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Polish female doctors were more intrinsically vs. extrinsically motivated than Ukrainian ones (p=0.001), whereas Ukrainian and Polish male doctors were more extrinsically vs. intrinsically motivated (p=0.002). There were statistically different motivational patterns concerning gender, occupation, and nationality, which may have important implications for the construction of motivational systems in both organizational and healthcare systems.

Rekomendasi Penataan dan Perawatan Batu Nisan Kuno Berbasis Lingkungan di Gampong Pande, Banda Aceh

In Gampong Pande there are cultural heritage objects and mangrove forests which are the part of former ancient port city of the Aceh Darussalam Kingdom. After the earthquake and tsunami waves that hit the coast of the city of Banda Aceh in 2004, the former capital city was damaged so ecological recommendations for the arrangement and maintenance of cultural heritage objects are needed. This paper aims to provide recommendations for the arrangement and care of ancient tombstone cultural heritage objects. The methods used were literature studies, initial surveys, observations, aerial photographs, satellite images, tombstone object distribution maps, object plan recommendations, lichen sample tests in the laboratory, and field tests of citronella and coconut oil essential oil emulsions. Recommendations are planned for arranging ancient tombstones located in scattered fish ponds and mangrove forests and planning supporting facilities for their protection, development, and utilization. In maintaining ancient tombstones, environmentally friendly materials were tested, namely an emulsion of citronella essential oil, distilled water, and coconut oil. Variations in citronella essential oil emulsion with distilled water are 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 100% and coconut oil concentration is 100%. Observations were made on color changes visually and with a microscope for 24 hours, 48 ​​hours, and 72 hours. Test results on six variations after the specified time both in the field and laboratory tests showed that citronella essential oil could inhibit the growth of lichens while coconut oil was not effective.

Improvement Student Learning Outcomes Through Online Learning Using Nearpod

This research is a quantitative descriptive study with a one group pretest posttest research design. The population in this study were 61 public high school students in East Jakarta, and the sample used was 72 students. The data collection technique is to do a pretest and posttest using multiple choice questions that have been validated as many as 21 questions with options A, B, C, D and E. The results of data analysis, namely the hypothesis test paired sample test using SPSS 24, the results are ttable=1.66 &lt; tcount =7.35 for df=71 indicates that the alternative hypothesis is accepted with sig.0.00 (&lt;0.05), thus an increase in student chemistry learning outcomes in online learning using nearpod, with paired sample t test. Further analysis using gain test obtained a gain score of 0.22 low category, this is possible because students are still in the system adjustment stage learning from full offline to full online.

Measuring Public Attitudes Toward Stuttering: Test-retest Reliability Revisited

Purpose: Previous studies of the Public Opinion Survey of Human Attributes-Stuttering (POSHA-S), using test and retest designs in modest-sized samples, have reported satisfactory test-retest reliability, i.e., correlations of about 0.80. Simultaneously, lower but moderate correlations between different first and second test respondents were observed and hypothesized to represent unspecified “societal” influences on stuttering attitudes. This study sought to clarify this and other potential relationships between first and second tests with the POSHA-S in a large, geographically and linguistically diverse sample.Methods: POSHA-S Overall Stuttering Scores (OSSs) of 345 respondents from 12 test-retest samples from four countries and languages, with no intervening interventions, were analyzed with correlations and by grouping respondents according to whose stuttering attitudes improved, remained the same, or worsened from test to retest.Results: Test and retest OSSs generally conformed to normal distributions and were not significantly different. Correlations between first versus second tests replicated earlier research. However, when the degree and direction of change from test to retest was considered, both in other correlations and in sorts of respondents, unexpected results emerged. Respondents with intermediate attitudes changed minimally, while those with most and least positive attitudes at the first test changed in opposite directions past the overall mean at second test.Conclusions: While demonstrating adequate test-retest reliability correlations on the POSHA-S, public attitudes were found to be less stable than previously assumed.

Pengaruh Edukasi terhadap Dukungan Keluarga dalam Pengelolaan Hipertensi pada Lansia di UPTD Puskesmas Jekan Raya, Palangka Raya

Education is an independent nursing intervention designed to help individuals, groups, or communities, including hypertension patients, address their health issues through learning activities, with nurses acting as educators. Hypertension is a chronic disease often referred to as the "silent killer." Family support is crucial for hypertension patients in dealing with problems that arise during long-term treatment. Based on interviews with 10 elderly hypertension patients, it was found that when they went for health check-ups and monitoring at healthcare facilities, they were not accompanied by their families. This study aims to analyze the Effect of Education on Family Support in Hypertension Management for the Elderly at UPTD Jekan Raya Health Center, Palangka Raya. Method: This study used a Pre-Experimental Design with a One-Group Pretest-Posttest approach. The sampling technique was Purposive Sampling, with 49 respondents. Results: Based on the results of the Paired Sample Test, a p-value of 0.00 was obtained, which indicates a significance level of p &lt; 0.05. Therefore, it can be concluded that the alternative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted, meaning that education significantly influences family support in managing hypertension in the elderly at UPTD Jekan Raya Health Center, Palangka Raya. Conclusion: There is a significant effect of education on family support in managing hypertension for the elderly at UPTD Jekan Raya Health Center, Palangka Raya.

The Impact of Feedback on First-Year University Students' Writing Development: A Study at A University in Hanoi, Vietnam

This study investigates the impact of feedback on the writing development of first-year university students, employing a mixed-methods approach to provide a comprehensive analysis. The quantitative phase involved pre- and post-tests of 118 students, revealing significant improvements in coherence, clarity, grammar, and overall writing quality. The paired samples test results showed mean differences of -2.076 for coherence, -1.983 for clarity, -0.441 for grammar, and -2.119 for overall quality, all with p-values of 0.000, indicating substantial enhancements due to the feedback intervention. The qualitative phase explored students' perceptions of feedback through surveys and semi-structured interviews with 20 students. Findings indicated that detailed, constructive, and timely feedback positively influenced students' motivation, engagement, and reduced writing anxiety. Conversely, vague or overly critical feedback had detrimental effects on these aspects. This study provides valuable insights into the feedback mechanisms that best support first-year students' writing development, offering evidence-based recommendations for educators to enhance teaching strategies and improve academic outcomes.

The impact of digital technologies on public life: a critical examination of perspectives from spatial design experts

ABSTRACT This study explores the influence of digital technologies on public life and evaluates spatial design professionals’ perceptions of these impacts. The research involved surveying architects, urban planners, and landscape architects to comprehend the ramifications of digital technology on public life. In total, 356 spatial design experts participated in the study. The analysis utilised descriptive statistical methods, t-tests and ANOVA tests for independent samples. The findings reveal that social isolation was rated highest among the spatial design experts’ scale, whereas social anxiety scored lowest among the elements comprising the spatial design experts’ scale. A comparison between participants’ socio-demographic characteristics and their scores on the impact of digital technologies in public life showed variances in gender, employment status, profession, and daily usage of digital technology, but found no significant differences in marital status, level of education, or professional experience. Consequently, this research sheds light on the repercussions of digital technology usage in public life, offering invaluable insights for all stakeholders, particularly spatial design professionals and social scientists. By understanding these impacts, the study highlights the importance of adopting more informed and conscious approaches to fostering positive social interactions and enhancing community well-being in public life.

Exploring fundamental engineering course instructors' test usage beliefs and behaviors: A multicase study

AbstractBackgroundTests are commonly and heavily used in fundamental engineering courses (FECs) to assess student learning of concepts. With existing literature presenting mixed benefits and disadvantages of testing to students' motivation to learn and documenting widely alternative assessments, the lack of questioning of heavy and common test usage must be addressed to diversify classroom assessment and promote intentionality in test usage.Purpose/HypothesisThis study begins to address the lack of questioning by exploring and uncovering test usage beliefs and behaviors of seven FEC instructors from two engineering departments in a land‐grant, public, Research 1 universityDesign/MethodGrounded in the Situated Expectancy–Value Theory (SEVT), we conducted a multicase study. Data include two interviews, course syllabi, and sample tests provided by the participants, and public documents from the institution and departments. We conducted a priori and emergent coding and thematic analysis to identify the beliefs and behaviors before developing individual case summaries for cross‐case analysis to identify groupings.ResultsThree test usage groups emerged: enthusiastic, default, and questioning. All test usage groups featured tests heavily in their FECs, resulting in varying alignment between these participants' test usage beliefs and behaviors.ConclusionsOur findings reveal the various factors that can shape FEC instructors' test usage beliefs and behaviors, and the complexity in terms of alignment. This work lays important implications, including laying the foundations for future scholarship on testing in engineering education research and leveraging findings to begin efforts in diversifying assessment approaches and promoting intentional test usage in FECs.

Use of Circle Game As A Strategy to Improve Students’ Vocabulary of Tenth Grade Of SMK Negeri 7 Bulukumba

The purpose of this study is to know how to improve students’ vocabulary on Circle Game at the tenth grade of SMK Negeri 7 Bulukumba. The researcher applied pre experimental in one class pre-test and post-test. In this research the population was the Tenth-grade students of SMKN 7 Bulukumba in 2023/2024 academic year. The researcher used total sampling technique. The total sample was 20 students from class X TKJ. In analyzing the numerical data, the writer used SPSS version 24.0. Based on the results of data analysis, the writer concluded that the use of Circle Game can increase students’ vocabulary knowledge, it’s proved by the mean score of the students’ in pretest and post-test. The result of the research shows that Circle Game significantly increased students’ vocabulary knowledge after did treatment where the results shown in the paired sample test are 0.001 is smaller than 0.05. The mean score improved from 49.75 in pre-test to 68.75 in post-test. It indicated that the one hypothesis (H1) was accepted and of course, the null hypothesis (H0) was rejected. It means that Circle Game can improve the students’ vocabulary knowledge in learning English at SMK Negeri 7 Bulukumba. Key Words: Circle Game, Strategy, Vocabulary

The Effectivenes Of Using Flash Cards To Teach Students' Vocabulary Mastery At SMP Darut Tauhid

Vocabulary is an essential element of language ability and serves as a foundation for pupils' speaking, listening, reading, and writing abilities.This study aims to determine the effectivenes of using flash cards to teach students’ vocabulary mastery at SMP Darut Tauhid. The research design is independent sample t-test, while the research method is quantitative. The participants in this study all student`classVII totaling 60 people, 30 male students and 30 female students. the data in this study were collected using instruments pre-test and posh-test (multiple choice), then normality test, homogeneity test and descriptive statistics were used to evaluate data analysis requirements. in this study the independent sample t test analysis was used to test the hypothesis using computer software assistance through the SPSS (Statistcal Package For the Scial Sciens) version 25 for windows program. Based on the results of research and discussion, the following conclusions can be drawn: There is an effectivenes of using flash cards to teach students’ vocabulary mastery at SMP Darut Tauhid. This is indicated by the results of the significance (2-tailed) of 0.000 &lt; 0.05 then as the basis for the performance of the decision in the independent sample test, it can be concluded that H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted. Thus, it can be concluded that there is The use of Flash cards effective on students‟ vocabulary at SMP Darut Tauhid.

The Effectiveness of Pictionary Games to Improve English Vocabulary at SMK N 1 Kersana Kabupaten Brebes

Several speaking problems at SMKN 1 Kersana, Brebes Regency attracted researchers to conduct this research as an effort to help students in language learning. Researchers tried to see the effectiveness of playing the Pictionary Game on English speaking skills. This Pictionary game is a simple game and is applicable to all levels of students. The main function of this game is to develop creative thinking, improve grammar, vocabulary and pronunciation, develop students' courage in expressing ideas and create responsibility and cooperation towards their students. Because of these advantages, many researchers have used this game on language learning such as the effect of Pictionary Game on vocabulary mastery and researchers decided to see whether Pictionary Game is effective for students' speaking skills. This research was conducted using an experimental design. In collecting data, the researcher took the pre-test and post-test from class XI Accounting A and examined them to see whether the Pictionary game was effective or not. The results of the research found that the results of the initial test or pretest with an average score of 8.30, this shows that class XI accounting A students do not fully have much knowledge regarding vocabulary in English. From the results of the t test using the Paired sample test method, it can be seen that (2-tailed) with a significance value of 0.000, H_0 is rejected, and from a significance level of 0.000 &lt; 0.05 it can also be concluded that H_1 is accepted. Because H_0 is rejected and H_1 is accepted, it can be concluded that there is an increase in the vocabulary understanding of class This can be seen from the difference in the average value, namely 12.39 or 34.4%. This means that the learning method using the pictonary game technique has proven to be effective in increasing the vocabulary understanding of class XI students at SMK Negeri 1 Kersana.

Two Sample Test for Extrinsic Antimeans on Kendall Planar Shape Spaces with Applications to Medical Imaging

Two Sample Test for Extrinsic Antimeans on Kendall Planar Shape Spaces with Applications to Medical Imaging

Pengaruh Pemberian F 100 Terhadap Perubahan Berat Badan pada Balita Gizi Buruk di Rumah Sakit Bhakti Asih Brebes

Background: Cases of malnutrition in children under five years old are still a serious problem in Indonesia. The proportion of malnutrition and malnutrition increased from 19.6% to 17.7% in 2015. Brebes Regency ranks first in Central Java and the average number of malnourished sufferers admitted to hospital is 5 to 8 children under five.Objective: The aim of the research was to determine the effect of administering F100 on changes in body weight in malnourished patients treated at Bhakti Asih Hospital, Brebes. Method: The research design used a quasi-experiment with one group pre and post test. The research location was carried out at Bhakti Asih Hospital, Brebes, from October to December 2020. The research sample was 22 children with malnutrition. Data analysis used the Shapiro Wilk test and paired sample test. Results: The results of the study showed an increase in body weight of 805 grams. The analysis results show p 0.143 &gt; 0.05. Conclusion: giving F100 can increase body weight in malnourished toddlers but not significantlyKeywords: malnutrition, body weight, formula 100

Use of Machine Learning Techniques to Predict the In-situ Concrete Compressive Strength using Non-Destructive Testing

Recently, machine learning-based prediction models have gained considerable popularity in predicting the compressive strength of concrete using results from Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) methods. This research considers NDT results from Rebound Hammer (RH) and Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV) tests for concrete samples with different concrete grades. 270 test samples were considered for the analysis using different machine learning techniques such as Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP), Long Short-Term Memory network (LSTM), and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). Concrete compressive strength results are obtained from Destructive Test (DT) results of the same for the purpose of labelling. Each model's performance is evaluated through the computation of the Coefficient of Determination (R²), Mean Square Error (MSE), and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE). The findings of this study underscore the potential of machine learning techniques in predicting concrete compressive strength based on Non-Destructive Test (NDT) results. The analysis findings suggested that employing UPV and RH data in conjunction with a trained MLP model to be an effective approach for accurately estimating the compressive strength of concrete specimens. The outcomes of the research serve as a valuable reference for researchers and industry practitioners alike when assessing in-situ concrete compressive strength through Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) methods.