Congruence Test Research Articles

Individuation in Forensic Science Study: Decapitation

In this study we present a technique that may be useful in the individuation of remains separated through the cervical region. Using a series of measurements from young female skeletons in the Terry Collection, we have developed a model for testing congruence between adjacent elements. Emphasis has been placed on identifying those measurements most likely to minimize underestimating the true number of remains present. The use of the technique has been demonstrated in two (retrospective) forensic science examples.

Adsorption of phloroglucinol at the mercury/aqueous solution interface

The adsorption of phloroglucinol on mercury electrodes has been studied from 0.5 M NaClO 4 aqueous solution by means of capacitance and electrocapillary methods. Capacitance curves show a condensation type behaviour. Congruence Tests indicate simultaneous congruence at negative surface charges. Frumkin isotherm is obeyed both at constant charge and contant potential. The interaction parameter obtained through Frumkin fit corresponds to a repulsive interaction. A new isotherm based on Free Volume Theory was tried. A model for the structure of the double layer in presence of phloroglucinol has been advanced, based on these results and the available crystallographic data of phloroglucinol and its dihydrate.

Short-term retention of visually presented stimuli: Some evidence of visual encoding

Subjects saw two visual stimuli on each trial, separated by an interval ranging from 0 to 8 sec. Each stimulus was composed of a subset of the dots of a 7 × 5 dot matrix. In particular, it was a composite of two patterns, one of which formed a capital English letter and the other of which was an arrangement formed by 8 randomly selected dots. The task was to decide as quickly as possible whether the two stimuli contained the same letter. Under one condition (correlated noise) the same noise pattern was used with both letters; thus the decision as to whether the letters were the same could be based on a test of congruence of the two stimuli, noise and all. Under another condition (uncorrelated noise) the noise patterns differed, assuring that the composite patterns differed, and thus precluding congruence testing as an adequate way to determine whether the two letters were the same. Performance was better (RTs and error rates were smaller) with the correlated noise than with the uncorrelated noise. The result was taken as evidence that visual information was retained in memory, and used to advantage, when the situation clearly warranted the direct comparison of visual patterns.

Differences among Yanomama Indian villages: do the patterns of allele frequencies, anthropometrics and map locations correspond?

AbstractIn order to determine the degree of correspondence between sets of multivariate observations based on different kinds of traits, two new methods, derived from fundamentally different notions of “correspondence,” are adopted here and compared. Using networks or trees to represent contemporary relationships, the first method tests the similarity of the cluster or hierarchic structures implicit in two sets of data. The second approach tests the departure from perfect geometric congruence or superimposability. Computer simulation was used to generate the distributions needed for significance tests under the null hypothesis.By the first technique, we find significant correspondence among the cluster structures for geographic, allele frequency, and anthropometric data on 19 Yanomama Indian villages. The results are similar and more precise for a subset consisting of seven villages. Some of these results differ from the conclusions which would be reached with the conventional correlations based upon entries in distance tables.The direct test of congruence, used only for the data on the subset of seven villages, gives results which differ substantially from those based on cluster‐structure. There are, however, similarities between the measure of congruence and the simple correlations based on entries in the distance tables.The significant correspondences observed call for some explanation. Cultural and demographic features determine the particular non‐random allocation of individuals to village fragments when a village splits. These social phenomena are invoked in tentative explanation of the agreement among historical, biological, and geographic relationships of villages.

PERSONALITY STRUCTURE CHECKED IN PRIMARY OBJECTIVE TEST FACTORS, FOR A MIXED NORMAL AND PSYCHOTIC SAMPLE.

An experiment was undertaken to determine how far the consistent personality structure previously found separately in noma1 and psychotic populations, in terms of factors measured in objective behaviaral perfomance within the age of a joint normal-psychotic population. One hundred variables embodied in 66 types of subjects were chosen to mark 18 known factors measured on 114 adult (men and women) normals and 228 psychotics. The number of-factors measured by the test was 24. They rotated to a very conspicuous simple structure resolution reaching 82% in the hyperplane. By Burt's congruence test 20 of these matched the factors (the 18 intended, plus 2 others) as known in the homogeneous population.

(1) A New Geometry (2) Algebra Part II, for the Use of Students preparing for the Intermediate and Previous Examinations of Indian Universities (3) Parametric Coefficients in the Differential Geometry of Curves

(1) THIS text-book is an abbreviated and condensed form of the well-known work by the same authors published eight years ago, and therefore requires little comment. The suggestion made in the Board of Education circular on the teaching of geometry that propositions should so far as possible be taken in groups has been adopted. Thus theorems on parallels form the first, properties of a single triangle the second, tests for congruence the third, and constructions the concluding section of book i. The authors have throughout included considerably more material than is required by the Cambridge schedule, particularly in reference to proportion and areas. The last fifty pages of the book are devoted to solid geometry. The properties of line and planes are treated in a fashion very similar to Euclid XI.; this is followed by a number of properties of the tetrahedron, pyramid, cylinder, cone, and sphere. An excellent collection of examples on the mensuration of solid figures is included.