Box Test Research Articles

Preventing Practices of Manipulating Accident Data in the Coal Mining Sector Using Mobile Applications in East Kalimantan, Indonesia

Objective: The practice of manipulating data on work accidents and potential hazards still occurs, especially in the coal mining sector. A mobile application for reporting work accidents and potential hazards is required so that data manipulation practices can be prevented.Material and Methods: The research design used was exploratory, which aimed to introduce and explore the capabilities of the SIKAP mobile application (Information System for Occupational Accidents, Occupational Diseases and Potential Hazards) to prevent data manipulation practices. Researchers involved thirty coal mine workers, using the SIKAP application, which had been tested on three information systems experts using the black box testing method. Results: Every worker had the opportunity to report work accidents and potential dangers via the SIKAP application on the worker’s account. Companies can receive and follow up on worker reports via the company account. Regional governments in the field of labor development and inspection can monitor reports through government accounts. The SIKAP application is integrated and synchronized between workers, companies and the government.Conclusion: The SIKAP application is able to prevent the practice of manipulating work accident reporting data and potential hazards in the coal mining sector.

Application of the outlier detection method for web-based blood glucose level monitoring system

Recent advancements in biosensors have empowered individuals with diabetes to autonomously monitor their blood glucose levels through continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) sensors. Nevertheless, the data collected from these sensors may occasionally include outliers due to the inherent imperfections of the sensor devices. Consequently, the identification of these outliers is critical to determine whether blood glucose levels deviate significantly from the norm, necessitating further action. This study employs an outlier detection approach based on the 3-sigma method and the interquartile range (IQR), along with the application of the Winsorizing technique to correct the identified outliers. Additionally, a web-based system for visualizing blood glucose levels is developed, utilizing both outlier detection methods. In order to assess the system's performance, two types of testing are conducted: black box testing and load testing. The results of black box testing indicate that all test scenarios operate as anticipated. As for the load testing response times, it is observed that the 3-sigma visualization page loads an average of 606.75 milliseconds faster compared to the IQR visualization page. This study's outcomes are expected to enhance data quality, enhance the precision of analyses, and facilitate more informed decision-making by identifying and addressing extreme data points.

Text classification for distribution substation inspection based on BERT-TextRCNN model

With the advancement of source-load interaction in the new power systems, data-driven approaches have provided a foundational support for aggregating and interacting between sources and loads. However, with the widespread integration of distributed energy resources, fine-grained perception of intelligent sensing devices, and the inherent stochasticity of source-load dynamics, a massive amount of raw data is being recorded and accumulated in the data center. Valuable information is often dispersed across different paragraphs of the raw data, making it challenging to extract effectively. Distribution substation inspection plays a crucial role in ensuring the safe operation of the power system. Traditional methods for inspection report text classification typically rely on manual judgment and accumulated experience, resulting in low efficiency and a significant misjudgment rate. Therefore, this paper proposes a text classification method for inspection reports based on the pre-trained BERT-TextRCNN model. By utilizing the dense connection between the BERT embedding layer and the neural network, the proposed method improves the accuracy of matching long texts. This article collected 2,831 maintenance data for the first quarter of 2023 from the distribution room, including approximately 58 environmental testing data, 738 environmental box testing data, approximately 672 distribution room testing data, and approximately 1,363 box type substation testing data. A text corpus was constructed for experiments. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model automatically classifies a large volume of manually recorded inspection report data based on time, location, and faults, achieving a classification accuracy of 94.7%, precision of 92%, recall of 92%, and F1 score of 90.3%.

Bottom-up versus Top-down designed rehabilitation sessions in chronic stroke survivors: a pilot randomized controlled trial

Purpose The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of Top-down and Bottom-up approaches on levels of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health Framework (ICF), including impairments, activities, and participation. Materials and methods Thirty-nine chronic stroke survivors were recruited for this single-blinded randomized clinical trial. Participants were assigned to Top-down, Bottom-up interventions, or control group, and received a 6-week intervention. They were assessed before/after treatments and at follow-up (6 weeks later). Impairments were measured through kinematic analysis, Trail Making Tests (TMT), and Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA). Activity and participation were evaluated via Box and Block Test, Motor Activity Log (MAL), and Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM), respectively. Results We found significant improvements in impairment (FMA) and participation (COPM) in all groups, however, COPM scores improved beyond the MCID only in the Top-down, and FMA scores exceeded the MCID in Top-down and Bottom-up groups. Use of the upper limb in daily activities (MAL) enhanced in the Top-down group, although was not clinically significant. Conclusion In most of the outcome measures, no significant difference was observed between groups. It seems that Top-down, Bottom-up, and traditional interventions have relatively comparable effectiveness in chronic stroke survivors. Trial Registration IRCT20150721023277N2

Experimental Investigation on a Water Diversion Shield Segment Using a Newly Developed Model Test Chamber

Jinan City in China is known for its abundant spring water, and the protection of underground spring water transport channels is a key issue that needs to be paid attention to in Jinan subway construction. In areas where underground spring water transport channels are easily disturbed, when the shield tunnel passes through a composite formation with a permeable layer in the middle and an impermeable layer in the upper and lower parts, the underground spring water transportation channel is blocked, the spring veins are damaged, and the underground spring water is blocked in the upstream, resulting in an increase in the water pressure difference on both sides of the tunnel. In this paper, based on the working principle of a new type of pipe segment with a diversion function, a diversion function pipe model test box is designed and fabricated. Using this model box, the working state of the diversion function pipe segments is simulated. An earth pressure box and pore water pressure gauges are embedded in the model box to measure the earth pressure and pore pressure around the pipe under seepage unsymmetrical pressure. Strain gauges are attached in a circular shape on the inner side of the pipe to measure and calculate the strain and stress of the pipe. Through model tests, the effective repair of the diversion pipe on blocking groundwater flow and the relief effect of the unsymmetrical pressure of the pipe are verified.

Portable Touchscreen Assessment of Motor Skill: A Registered Report of the Reliability and Validity of EDNA MoTap.

Portable and flexible administration of manual dexterity assessments is necessary to monitor recovery from brain injury and the effects of interventions across clinic and home settings, especially when in-person testing is not possible or convenient. This paper aims to assess the concurrent validity and test-retest reliability of a new suite of touchscreen-based manual dexterity tests (called EDNA™MoTap) that are designed for portable and efficient administration. A minimum sample of 49 healthy young adults will be conveniently recruited. The EDNA™MoTap tasks will be assessed for concurrent validity against standardized tools (the Box and Block Test [BBT] and the Purdue Pegboard Test) and for test-retest reliability over a 1- to 2-week interval. Correlation coefficients of r > .6 will indicate acceptable validity, and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) values > .75 will indicate acceptable reliability for healthy adults. The sample were primarily right-handed (91%) adults aged 19 and 34 years (M = 24.93, SD = 4.21, 50% female). The MoTap tasks did not demonstrate acceptable validity, with tasks showing weak-to-moderate associations with the criterion assessments. Some outcomes demonstrated acceptable test-retest reliability; however, this was not consistent. Touchscreen-based assessments of dexterity remain relevant; however, there is a need for further development of the EDNA™MoTap task administration.

Financial Application for the STMIK Mardira Indonesia Educational Institution

The waqf asset management system is essential for maximizing and optimizing the managed assets to achieve the highest and most favorable outcomes. A professional waqf institution in Bandung possesses waqf assets dispersed throughout several regions in Indonesia, and its management has successfully reached the level of optimizing productive waqf. Nevertheless, waqf assets are managed manually, leading to slower and worse management practices. This research aims to address the issue of managing waqf assets by applying ISO 55001 to the waqf asset management system in a selected professional waqf institution in Bandung. The research approach employs descriptive analysis with the Object-Oriented Software Engineering (OOSE) system development process. The results reveal eight functions based on 8 and 9 criteria that should be present in the asset management system according to ISO 55001. The program incorporates these eight functionalities and achieves a System Usability Scale (SUS) score of 84.6, signifying a B grade and outstanding acceptance. The ISO 55001 certification readiness level is 57.14%, as determined by the ISO 55001 Self-assessment conducted by the British Standard Institute (BSI). The researcher utilized Black Box testing to evaluate the program's functionality, and the findings indicate that all operations are functioning as anticipated.

Effectiveness of the recirculation air cleaner in real conditions at variation of the air flow and PM2.5 content

Technical data on the effectiveness of air purifiers are usually obtained in laboratory conditions in special aerosol stands with test chambers or boxes of a small volume, while in real conditions the purifiers are used in rooms with a volume of at least 40-60 m3 with a permanent presence of people (distribution respiratory diseases emitted with breathing) and entry of PM2.5..PM10 particles into the room from working equipment (printers, chargers, power tools, etc.). There are already enough scientific materials on this matter, which prove that the actual efficiency of air purifiers in real conditions is much lower than the data given by the manufacturers. Therefore, there is a need to determine the optimal performance of the air purifier in real conditions in order to achieve the WHO recommended levels of safe indoor pollution with a maximum time interval of 1 hour, besides, taking into account that the air outside has a higher level of pollution with particles of PM 2.5. In this study, we strive to obtain a PM 2.5 value of 5 μg/m3 with a PM2.5 level in the air outside of 16.7 μg/m3. The calculated value of CADR for light pollution should be at least half of the power of the air purifier for the projected cleaning duration of no more than 1 hour. A smaller value of CADR leads to further accumulation of pollutants, which reduces the work of the cleaner. In this study, the value of CADR was at L=100 m3/hour the value of CADR= 59 m3/hour with the efficiency of filter inserts in 73% and natural sedimentation of particles in 25%, and at L=310 m3/hour the value of CADR= 59 m3/hour at efficiency of filter inserts in 94% and natural sedimentation of particles in 18%. The process of natural deposition and the amount of external pollution do not allow to clean the air without the use of mechanical filtration for any of the pollutants specified in the study.

Assessing the Clinical Effectiveness of an Exergame-Based Exercise Training Program Using Ring Fit Adventure to Prevent and Postpone Frailty and Sarcopenia Among Older Adults in Rural Long-Term Care Facilities: Randomized Controlled Trial.

Frailty and sarcopenia are geriatric syndromes of increasing concern and are associated with adverse health outcomes. They are more prevalent among long-term care facility (LTCF) users than among community dwellers. Exercise, especially multicomponent and progressive resistance training, is essential for managing these conditions. However, LTCFs, particularly in rural areas, face challenges in implementing structured exercise programs due to health care professional shortages. Moreover, older adults often become bored with repetitive exercise training and may lose interest over time. The Nintendo Switch Ring Fit Adventure (RFA) exergame is a novel exergame that combines resistance, aerobic, and balance exercises and offers a potential solution by boosting motivation in an immersive manner and reducing staff intervention needs. We aimed to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of an exergame-based exercise training program delivered via RFA (exergame-RFA) in improving muscle mass and functional performance among older adult LTCF users. This was a randomized controlled trial conducted from August 2022 to September 2023 and involved older adult LTCF users (aged ≥60 y) in rural southern Taiwan. Participants were randomized into an intervention group (exergame-RFA plus standard care) or a control group (standard care alone). The intervention, conducted seated with arm fit skills and trunk control exercises using the RFA, lasted 30 minutes twice weekly over 12 weeks. The primary outcomes measured were the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures index (serving as an indicator of frailty status) and the diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia (appendicular skeletal muscle mass index, handgrip strength, and gait speed). The secondary outcomes included functional performance (box and block test as well as maximum voluntary isometric contraction of the dominant upper extremity), muscle condition (muscle thickness measured using ultrasonography), activities of daily living (Kihon checklist), health-related quality of life (Short Form Health Survey-36), and cognitive function (brain health test). We used an intention-to-treat analysis, incorporating a simple imputation technique in statistical analysis. A mixed ANOVA, with time as a within-participant factor and intervention as a between-participant factor, was used to compare the training effects on outcomes. We recruited 96 individuals, of whom 60 (62%) underwent randomization. Of these 60 participants, 55 (92%) completed the study. Significant group×time interactions were observed in the intervention group in all primary outcomes (all P<.001, except P=.01 for handgrip strength) and most secondary outcomes, including maximum voluntary isometric contraction of the biceps (P=.004) and triceps brachii (P<.001) muscles, biceps muscle thickness measured using ultrasonography (P<.001), box and block test (P<.001), Kihon checklist (physical function: P=.01, mood status: P=.003, and total: P=.003), and brain health test (P<.001). The exergame-RFA intervention significantly improved muscle mass, strength, and functional performance among older adult users of rural LTCFs, offering a novel approach to addressing frailty and sarcopenia. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05360667; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05360667. RR2-10.3389/fmed.2022.1071409.

Sex Influences Genetic Susceptibility to Depression-Like Behaviors in Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress-Exposed Wistar Rats.

Depression is one of the most common mood disorders among psychiatric diseases. It affects about 10% of the adult population. However, its etiopathogenesis remains poorly understood. Exploring the dynamics of stress-susceptibility and resilience will help in understanding the molecular and biological mechanisms underlying the etiopathogenesis of depression. This study aimed to determine the differences and/or similarities in factors responsible for susceptibility to depression-like behaviors in male and female Wistar rats subjected to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). Sixty Wistar rats (30 male and 30 female) weighing between 120 and 150g were used for this study. The rats were divided into two sub-groups: control (10) and test (20) groups. Rats in the test groups were subjected to CUMS. Depression-like behaviors were assessed using light-dark box, sucrose preference, and tail suspension tests. Rats that showed depression-like behaviors following the behavioral tests (CUMS-susceptible group) were sacrificed, and their hippocampi were excised. Genomic deoxyribonucleic acid (gDNA) was purified from the hippocampal samples. Purified gDNA was subjected to whole genome sequencing (WGS). Base-calling of sequence reads from raw sequencing signal (FAST5) files was carried out, and variants were called from alignment BAM files. The corresponding VCF files generated from the variant calling experiment were filtered. Genes were identified, their impacts estimated, and variants annotated. Functional enrichment analysis was then carried out. Approximately 41% of the male and 49% of the female rats subjected to CUMS showed significant (p < 0.05) depression-like behaviors following assessment on behavioral tests. WGS of the hippocampal DNA revealed 289,839 single nucleotide polymorphisms variant types, 7002 insertions, and 34,459 deletions in males, and 1,570,186 single nucleotide polymorphisms variant types, 109,860 insertions, and 597,241 deletions in female Wistar rats. Three genes with high-impact variants were identified in male and 22 in female Wistar rats, respectively. In conclusion, female Wistar rats are more susceptible to depression-like behaviors after exposure to CUMS than males. They also have more gene variants (especially high-impact variants) than male Wistar rats.

Pharmacological evaluation of anxiolytic activity of ethanolic extract of Hemidesmus indicus in rodent model

The current study uses rodent models to explore the anxiolytic properties of Hemidesmus indicus' ethanolic extract (EEHI). Hemidesmus indicus, an evergreen plant well-known for its therapeutic characteristics, has been widely used in Ayurvedic medicine to treat a variety of conditions, including anxiety. This study seeks to give scientific validation for its anxiolytic properties. The ethanolic extract was made using normal extraction processes and given to rodents in varied doses (100,200 and 400 mg/kg). The anxiolytic activity was assessed using a variety of widely recognized behavioural assays, including the Elevated Plus Maze (EPM), Open Field Test (OFT), and Light-Dark Box (LDB) test. Diazepam (2 mg/kg) served as the standard reference drug. The results revealed that EEHI significantly reduced anxiety-like behaviours in all three tests when compared to the control group. In the EPM test, EEHI-treated rodents spent more time and entered the open arms. In the OFT, ambulation, rearing and assisted rearing increased, indicating lower levels of anxiety. The LDB test supported these findings, with a significant increase in time spent in the light compartment. The study suggests that EEHI has promising anxiolytic activity and may offer a natural treatment alternative for anxiety disorders. Further research is needed to isolate specific active molecules and better understand the underlying mechanisms of action. Keywords: Hemidesmus indicus, Anxiolytic activity, Rodent model, Elevated plus maze, Open field test, Light-dark box test

Sistem Informasi Persediaan Barang dengan Metode Perpetual pada Toko Mebel Sidarta Berbasis Web

Inventory of goods is an important component in company operations, especially for companies that sell finished goods such as furniture and household electronics. The aim of this research project is to create a goods management website using the Perpetual method at the Sidarta Furniture Store. Previously, this shop used manual recording through physical bookkeeping which was considered inefficient, prone to errors, and could hinder sales. To optimize inventory management, an in-tegrated system is needed. This system development uses the waterfall method, which consists of five stages, namely needs analysis, design, implementation, testing and maintenance. During the requirements analysis step, functional and non-functional system requirements are defined. System design involves developing use case diagrams, database design, and user interface design. The system is implemented using PHP as a programming language, CodeIgniter as a framework, and MySQL for database management. The black box testing method is used to carry out the system testing process, which ensures that all functionality operates according to predetermined speci-fications. The results of the tests carried out show that all system functionality functions in ac-cordance with the designed specifications. System maintenance, which is the final stage of the development cycle, is carried out periodically for the long-term sustainability of system opera-tions. This developed system allows the Sidarta Furniture Store to manage inventory data more efficiently and effectively by utilizing the perpetual method. This system is equipped with various features, including an inventory data management interface, supplier data management interface, purchase transaction recording interface, sales transaction recording interface, and the ability to produce comprehensive inventory recapitulation reports. Implementation of this system facili-tates the process of managing and updating inventory data more efficiently and accurately.

Bimanual Coordination in Children with Bilateral Cerebral Palsy: A Cross-Sectional Study

Aim To compare bimanual coordination in children with bilateral cerebral palsy (BCP) with that of children with typical development (TD) and correlate bimanual coordination with clinical measures of hand function. Methods 3-D kinematic data were collected from 14 children with BCP (mean age 13 years 1 month; range 7.3–17.2 years, 5 females) and 14 age-matched children with TD (mean age 13 years 1 month, range 7.0–16.0 years, 7 females) as they opened a drawer with one hand and activated a switch inside it with the other hand at self-paced and as-fast-as-possible speeds. Hand roles varied in each condition. Participants' hand function levels were classified using the Manual Ability Classification System. Unimanual dexterity and bimanual performance were evaluated using the Box and Blocks Test and Both Hands Assessment respectively. Results Participants with BCP performed the bimanual task more slowly (p < 0.001) and sequentially, as evidenced by greater time differences between the two hands achieving the end goal (p = 0.01). Faster speeds, particularly when the less affected hand opened the drawer, facilitated time-related measures of bimanual coordination (p < 0.05). Bimanual coordination correlated with all clinical measures of hand function (p < 0.05). Conclusion For children with BCP, speed and hand used for each subcomponent of the task influence bimanual coordination. Better bimanual coordination is associated with less impairment of both hands.

Evaluasi Penerapan Software Akuntansi Accurate dalam Penyusunan Laporan Laba Rugi

Accurate accounting software is a business application that helps SMEs manage their business easily. Processing financial data into financial reports needed to help plan the company's future. The profit and loss report is a financial report that reports on the company's operational activities by calculating income and expenses for one period and then the profit and loss report can be determined. The profit and loss report can be used as a way to assess the company's level of success in a certain period and also to understand the company's development. This research aims to determine the evaluation of the application of accurate accounting software in preparing profit and loss reports. The type of research used is qualitative research, with a sampling technique, purposive sampling. The research method used is User Acceptance Testing, with a type of testing, Black Box Testing. The results of this research show that accurate accounting software is effective in preparing profit and loss reports, easy to understand and easy to detect errors. This error can be detected by reviewing the transaction data that has been input. With the help of Standard Operating Procedures, companies can minimize errors, make control easier and enable to run company smoothly

Use of cortical hemodynamic responses in digital therapeutics for upper limb rehabilitation in patients with stroke

BackgroundStroke causes long-term disabilities, highlighting the need for innovative rehabilitation strategies for reducing residual impairments. This study explored the potential of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) for monitoring cortical activation during rehabilitation using digital therapeutics.MethodsThis cross-sectional study included 18 patients with chronic stroke, of whom 13 were men. The mean age of the patients was 67.0 ± 7.1 years. Motor function was evaluated through various tests, including the Fugl–Meyer assessment for upper extremity (FMA-UE), grip and pinch strength test, and box and block test. All the patients completed the digital rehabilitation program (MotoCog®, Cybermedic Co., Ltd., Republic of Korea) while being monitored using fNIRS (NIRScout®, NIRx Inc., Germany). Statistical parametric mapping (SPM) was employed to analyze the cortical activation patterns from the fNIRS data. Furthermore, the K-nearest neighbor (K-NN) algorithm was used to analyze task performance and fNIRS data to classify the severity of motor impairment.ResultsThe participants showed diverse task performances in the digital rehabilitation program, demonstrating distinct patterns of cortical activation that correlated with different motor function levels. Significant activation was observed in the ipsilesional primary motor area (M1), primary somatosensory area (S1), and contralateral prefrontal cortex. The activation patterns varied according to the FMA-UE scores. Positive correlations were observed between the FMA-UE scores and SPM t-values in the ipsilesional M1, whereas negative correlations were observed in the ipsilesional S1, frontal lobe, and parietal lobe. The incorporation of cortical hemodynamic responses with task scores in a digital rehabilitation program substantially improves the accuracy of the K-NN algorithm in classifying upper limb functional levels in patients with stroke. The accuracy for tasks, such as the gas stove-operation task, increased from 44.4% using only task scores to 83.3% when these scores were combined with oxy-Hb t-values from the ipsilesional M1.ConclusionsThe results advocated the development of tailored digital rehabilitation strategies by combining the behavioral and cerebral hemodynamic data of patients with stroke. This approach aligns with the evolving paradigm of personalized rehabilitation in stroke recovery, highlighting the need for further extensive research to optimize rehabilitation outcomes.

The remarkable impact of Opuntia Ficus Indica fruit administration on metabolic syndrome: Correlations between cognitive functions, oxidative stress and lipid dysmetabolism in the high-fat, diet-fed rat model

BackgroundA wealth of evidence underscores the bioactive properties of nutraceuticals and functional foods in addressing oxyinflammatory-based diseases with implications at both peripheral and central levels. Opuntia ficus-indica (OFI) is well-documented for its health-promoting attributes, though its fruit (OFIF) remains relatively understudied. Not only poses Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) cardiometabolic risks but also contributes significantly to cognitive impairment, especially in crucial brain areas such as hippocampus and hypothalamus. MethodsFollowing 8 weeks of HFD to induce MetS, rats received OFIF oral supplementation for 4 weeks to evaluate cognitive and affective modifications using behavioural paradigms, i.e. open field, burrowing, white-dark box, novelty-suppressed feeding, and object recognition tests. Our investigation extended to biochemical evaluations of lipid homeostasis, central and peripheral oxidative stress and neurotrophic pathways, correlating these measures together with circulating leptin levels. ResultsOur data revealed that OFIF modulation of leptin positively correlates with systemic and brain oxidative stress, with markers of increased anxiety-like behaviour and impaired lipid homeostasis. On the other hand, leptin levels reduced by OFIF are associated with improved antioxidant barriers, declarative memory and neurotrophic signalling. DiscussionThis study underscores OFIF neuroactive potential in the context of MetS-associated cognitive impairment, offering insights into its mechanisms and implications for future therapeutic strategies.

The Bead Maze Hand Function Test for Children.

There is a need for a pediatric hand function test that can be used to objectively assess movement quality. We have developed a toy-based test, the Bead Maze Hand Function (BMHF) test, to quantify how well a child performs an activity. This is achieved by assessing the control of forces applied while drawing a bead over wires of different complexity. To study the psychometric properties of the BMHF test and understand the influence of age and task complexity on test measures. A cross-sectional, observational study performed in a single visit. Clinical research laboratory. Twenty-three participants (ages 4-15 yr) were recruited locally. They were typically developing children with no illness or conditions that affected their movement. Interventions/Assessments: Participants performed the BMHF test and the Box and Block test with both hands. Total force and completion time were examined according to age and task complexity using a linear mixed-effects model. We calculated intraclass correlation coefficients to measure interrater reliability of the method and estimated concurrent validity using the Box and Block test. Total force and completion time decreased with age and depended on task complexity. The total force was more sensitive to task complexity. The Box and Block score was associated with BMHF completion time but not with total force. We found excellent interrater reliability. A familiar toy equipped with hidden sensors provides a sensitive tool to assess a child's typical hand function. Plain-Language Summary: We developed the Bead Maze Hand Function (BMHF) test to determine how well a child performs an activity with their hands. The BMHF test is a toy equipped with hidden sensors. Twenty-three typically developing children with no illnesses or conditions that affected their hand movement participated in the study. We asked the children to perform the BMHF test with both hands. Our study found that occupational therapists can reliably use the BMHF test to assess a child's hand function.

Short-term effect of acupuncture dry needle in treatment of chronic mechanical low back pain: a randomized controlled clinical trial.

In today's industrialized world, between sixty and ninety percent of the working-age population experiences low back discomfort. Chronic mechanical low back pain (CMLBP), the most common ailment among working-age people in contemporary industrial society, causes a major economic burden due to the widespread use of medical services and the absence of work. For those suffering from persistent mechanical low back pain, this experiment aimed to assess the efficacy of using acupuncture dry needles in the short term. Our research included 30 individuals with nonspecific low back pain; their ages varied from 20 to 45. The participants were divided into two parallel groups using a random process: 15 individuals in group A had acupuncture treatment with a dry needle placed to specified locations on their backs, whereas 15 individuals in group B participated in muscle strengthening and stretching exercises. Both before and after therapy, researchers examined the lumbar range of motion (ROM) in four directions: flexion, extension, bilateral side bending, as well as pain intensity and functional impairment. We examined the data for normality and covariance homogeneity using the Shapiro-Wilk and Box's tests, respectively. The variables of interest that were investigated were compared across various test groups and measurement periods using a 2x2 mixed design-multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). We used a significance threshold of 0.05. When comparing the two groups after treatment, it was found that the flexion and extension range of motion increased significantly (p<0.05), while the pain intensity, bending to the right and left, and functional impairment decreased significantly (p<0.05). The results of multiple pairwise comparisons showed a noteworthy difference in pain severity, functional debility, and back ROM between the two groups before and after treatment (p<0.05), with group A showing an advantage over group B after treatment. Based on the study results, dry needle acupuncture may be a beneficial modality in treating chronic mechanical low back pain by relieving pain intensity, improving functional debility, and improving ROM.

Circadian variations influence anxiety-related behaviour, olfaction, and hedonic response in male Sprague–Dawley rats

IntroductionDespite the acknowledged impact of circadian rhythms on various aspects of life, behavioural tests with laboratory animals often overlook alignment with their natural activity patterns. This study aims to evaluate the influence of circadian variations on the results, validity, and reliability of different behavioural tests in rats. MethodsThree behavioural tests, the Light-Dark Box Test (LDB), assessing anxiety-related behaviour and locomotor activity; the Buried Pellet Test (BPT), revealing olfactory abilities and motivation issues; and the Sucrose Preference Test (SPT), studying the anhedonic response, were employed to encompass multiple daytime-dependent behavioural aspects in male Sprague-Dawley rats. ResultsOur findings underscore distinct circadian effects on locomotor activity, exploratory behaviour, olfactory acuity, motivation, and hedonic response. Notably, anxious behaviour remained unaffected by daytime conditions. Furthermore, decreased data variance was found to be correlated with conducting behavioural tests during the subjects’ active phase. DiscussionThis study demonstrates extensive circadian influences on nearly all parameters investigated, coupled with a significant reduction in data variability during the active phase. Emphasising the importance of aligning experimental timing with rats’ natural activity patterns, our results suggest that conducting tests during the active phase of the animals not only refines test sensitivity , reduces stress, and provides more representative data, but also contributes to ethical animal research (3 R) and improves test relevance. This, in turn, enhances the reliability and validity of experimental outcomes in behavioural research and promotes animal welfare.

Implementing Moving Average Forecasting System for Apparel Sales: Predicting Inventory Needs with Enhanced Accuracy

Forecasting the supply of goods is one of the company's planning strategies to increase sales. However, there are several obstacles in forecasting the supply of goods in one of the boutiques in Jember Regency such as manual sales data collection, namely by recording clothing sales data in the sales book. So that there can be errors in predicting the supply of goods in the future. The purpose of this study is to apply a clothing sales forecasting system using the moving average method to forecast the supply of goods. This study applies the waterfall model to build a system with stages of analysis, design, implementation and testing. Analysis will be carried out by collecting data related to system requirements through observation, interviews and literature studies. While at the design stage there are usecase diagrams and system flow diagrams. Furthermore, the implementation stage was carried out in boutiques in Jember Regency by piloting the boutique owners. System testing uses black box testing to ensure there are no system functional errors. The findings show that the system in the form of a website can be run properly and can be accessed as long as there is an internet network. In addition, our system is already running well based on the results of black box testing. So that this system can be used by companies as forecasting considerations in providing inventory of goods.