Test Analysis Methods Research Articles

The Effect of Oxidation on Coal’s Molecular Structure and the Structure Model Construction of Oxidized Coal Molecular

Three kinds of 1/3 coking coals with different degrees of oxidation were used for this study in Inner Mongolia, China. Using analytical testing methods such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), nuclear magnetic resonance carbon spectroscopy (13C-NMR) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), combined with computer-aided software such as Chemdraw, Materials Studio (2017), and MestRenova, three coal samples were characterized and analyzed. On this basis, the molecular formulas of three coal samples with different degrees of oxidation were constructed by optimizing the model energies: we used C228H165N3O21S4 for Suhaitu9# coal, C244H171N3O31S2 for Guoyu coal, and C225H177N3O33S2 for Lu9# coal. The results showed that, at the same coal rank, the oxidation degrees of S9, GY, and L9 coal samples were 21.10%, 48.30%, and 53.12%, respectively. As the oxidation degree increased, the proportion of oxygen-containing functional groups and nitrogen oxides in the coal macromolecular structure gradually increased. The bridge circumference ratios were 0.3786, 0.3351, and 0.2228, respectively, showing a gradual decrease. The average methylene chain lengths were 4.9569, 2.6843, and 1.9055, respectively, showing a gradual decrease. This indicates that the condensation degree of the compounds decreases with the increase in the degree of oxidation. These findings reflect the effect of oxidation on the modeling of coal’s macromolecular structure and lay a theoretical foundation for the further study of impact of the degree of oxidation on the physicochemical properties of coal.

Analisis Stabilitas Perbankan Syariah dan Perbankan Konvensional di Indonesia Tahun 2008-2020

Banking stability is a crucial problem in the current economy, especially after the Asian economic crisis in 1997 and the global crisis in 2008. This research aims to analyze the stability of Islamic banking by including macroeconomic variables in the form of the BI rate, inflation, exchange rate. tariffs and GDP as variables. its independence. Several previous studies applied NPF/NPL which measures credit risk ratios to test bank stability. Current research uses Z-Score to test bank stability. This research aims to find out whether there are differences in the financial performance of Islamic and conventional banks from 2008 to 2020. Testing and data analysis methods use Eviews. The results of this research show that banking stability, both conventional and sharia, is a vital aspect in maintaining the integrity of a country's financial system. Z-score as an indicator provides a comprehensive picture of a bank's stability by considering internal and external risks. In the context of this research, the finding that the BI Rate has a negative impact on the stability of conventional banks highlights the importance of monetary policy in managing interest rates to maintain the health of the banking sector. On the other hand, the negative impact of inflation on the stability of conventional and sharia banks emphasizes the need to control inflation to prevent disruption to banking performance.

Pajak daerah, Retribusi Daerah, dan Dana Alokasi Khusus terhadap Belanja Modal Provinsi Se-sumatera

The purpose of this study was to test and analyze the effect of local taxes, local levies, special allocation funds on capital expenditures of the Sumatra provincial government in 2018-2022. Used for 10 provinces in Sumatra. For five years, fifty samples were used. The test analysis methods used are Measurement model evaluation, convergent validity test, significance test, R-square testing and F-square testing. The results of this study indicate that local taxes, local levies, and special allocation funds have a positive effect on capital expenditure.

Effects of the Backbone's Structures on the Curing Behaviors and Properties of Phthalonitrile Containing Benzoxazine Rings.

Phthalonitrile-based resins and benzoxazine play important roles in the field of advanced materials because of their excellent properties. In order to understand the effect of the backbone's structure on the curing kinetics and properties of the multifunctional resin matrices, different kinds of phthalonitrile containing benzoxazine with various backbone structures were designed and prepared. The curing processes and curing behaviors were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). With the assistance of the orthogonal test analysis method, the kinetic parameters, including activation energy Eα, were evaluated and calculated. Results indicated that an autocatalytic model for the curing reaction of various phthalonitrile-containing benzoxazine resins was confirmed. Nevertheless, the activation energies for reactions of benzoxazine and nitrile groups were significantly changed due to the steric hindrance derived from the backbone's structures. The thermal stability of polymers cured at various temperatures was evaluated by TGA testing. Then, their mechanical properties were investigated and confirmed with SEM images of fracture surfaces. Also, the thermal expansion characteristics of the various polymers were investigated. Results demonstrated that this work proposed an improved matrix resin system with outstanding thermal stability and mechanical properties that broadened the foundation and ideas for subsequent research.

Trend Stability Assessment for Hydrological Drought in Euphrates Basin (Türkiye) Using Triple Wilcoxon Test and Innovative Trend Analysis Methods

This study investigates the stability of hydrological drought trends in the Euphrates Basin from 1960 to 2020 using three-dimensional (3D) graphical representations based on innovative trend analysis (ITA) and triple Wilcoxon test (WT) methods. Unlike traditional ITA and WT, which are widely used for trend identification but do not inherently provide trend stability information, this study employs a novel approach to assess and visualize trend stability. The Triple WT method divides the data into three equal segments, examining differences without altering the time series. Drought indices are calculated for 3-month, 6-month, and 12-month time scales using historical streamflow data from five stations. The research identifies trends and their stabilities across three distinct periods: 1967–1984, 1985–2002, and 2003–2020. Results show that as the time scale increases, trend differences between extreme drought conditions diminish. One station consistently exhibits significantly decreasing trends, while three stations show unstable trends with notable variations in the standardized streamflow index (SSFI). The use of 3D-ITA and Triple WT effectively captures the dynamics and stability of drought trends, offering a deeper understanding of hydrological drought in the Euphrates Basin. These findings provide a reference for future studies on drought trend mechanisms in various climatic regions.

Expert Consensus on an Open-Access UNIMMAP MMS Product Specification: 2024 revision.

The United Nations International Multiple Micronutrient Antenatal Preparation (UNIMMAP) of a multiple micronutrient supplement (MMS) for pregnant women is a proven evidence-based nutrition intervention and is listed on the World Health Organization (WHO) Model List of Essential Medicines. The 2024 revision of the Expert Consensus on an Open-Access UNIMMAP MMS Product Specification provides both purchasers and manufacturers with unified guidance on the production of UNIMMAP MMS. More specifically, it outlines the minimum requirements for the manufacture of UNIMMAP MMS and provides guidance on quality and regulatory standards based on whether the product is manufactured as a medicinal product or a dietary supplement. The product specification includes ingredients, excipients/food additives, and processing aids used in manufacturing UNIMMAP MMS; stability testing for different climatic zones; packaging and labeling considerations; pharmacopeial standards, manufacturing practices, certificates of analysis, change control, and quality agreement; finished product test specifications, including tablet characterization and purity/strength assay; analytical test methods; and storage and transportation requirements.

Virtual Reality (VR) Method to Improve Sense of Place for Interior Design Studio Students

Virtual reality (VR) technology has emerged in response to recent developments in the 3-dimensional (3D) world. VR enables people to engage in various metaverse world experiences in a more immersive way. Immersive learning is a learning method that uses 3D digital technology to facilitate the learning process by visualization in the classroom. This research used a case study of the Interior Design II studio course taken by level-2 students of the Department of Interior Design, School of Creative Industries, Telkom University, Indonesia. The Interior Design II course requires students to design the interior of a residence with a minimum area of 100 m2. The method of paired sample test analysis was used to assess student’s preferences for pre-test and post-test statements from the VR intervention method in assessing student’s sense of place in the final design of the course. The results showed significant differences in student preferences during the pre-test (481.3% and 790.6%), which increased during the post-test (641.7% and 801%). The paired sample t-test analysis results also showed a Sig (2-tailed) number of 0.000 < 0.05, so there is a significant relationship between the pre-test and post-test intervention.

Material properties of particleboards produced from Ciol®-treated wood shavings

ABSTRACT This study investigated the potential of wood particles from Ciol®-treated wood in particleboard production. Ciol® is a renewable formulation from water, citric acid, and sorbitol, which has been commercially developed as a promising alternative for wood modification. Radiata pine wood was impregnated with 60% and 85% concentrations of the Ciol® solution for 150 mins. The impregnated boards were cured and subsequently planned. Particleboards were thereafter produced from the wood shavings using urea formaldehyde (UF) and melamine urea formaldehyde resin (MUF). The boards were produced with or without the use of ammonium nitrate as a hardener. The wood particles and produced boards were characterized via analytical techniques and standard test methods. The effect of Ciol® treatment and its concentration on the properties of the shavings and the particleboards was investigated as well as the effect of the resin type on the panel properties. The use of MUF without the hardener gave the best bending strength of 13 N/mm² and modulus of elasticity of 3187 N/mm². However, there was no significant difference in the results obtained when the hardener was added to MUF resins. Recycling Ciol®-treated wood shavings in particleboard production proved to be a promising approach with MUF resins.

Study on Analysing the Student Perspectives on Cultural and Social Diversity in Education

Education is presently required to create inclusive, supportive, and validating environments for education and experiences, while educational organizations continue to maintain students from many different kinds of cultural and socially diverse backgrounds. This research investigates how students engage and collaborate with diverse cultures and social environments to identify the key features influencing their social relationships and learning outcomes. To determine the possibilities and difficulties that students experience in a varied educational environment and make suggestions for the enhancements and assessment techniques for fostering a multicultural and diverse classroom. In this research, the details gathered from 350 students, and utilize 15 questionnaires related to cultural and social diversity in education that were developed, based on five variables, such as students attitudes towards diversity (SATD), impact on the learning environment (ILE), cultural awareness (CA), perception of cultural and social diversity (PCSD), and social interactions (SI). The Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test and inferential statistics analysis methods are evaluated through the SPSS software. From both analyses, the variable PCSD performance is higher than other four variables in the field of student perception of social and cultural diversity in education.

Study on Analysing the Student Perspectives on Cultural and Social Diversity in Education

Education is presently required to create inclusive, supportive, and validating environments for education and experiences, while educational organizations continue to maintain students from many different kinds of cultural and socially diverse backgrounds. This research investigates how students engage and collaborate with diverse cultures and social environments to identify the key features influencing their social relationships and learning outcomes. To determine the possibilities and difficulties that students experience in a varied educational environment and make suggestions for the enhancements and assessment techniques for fostering a multicultural and diverse classroom. In this research, the details gathered from 350 students, and utilize 15 questionnaires related to cultural and social diversity in education that were developed, based on five variables, such as students attitudes towards diversity (SATD), impact on the learning environment (ILE), cultural awareness (CA), perception of cultural and social diversity (PCSD), and social interactions (SI). The Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test and inferential statistics analysis methods are evaluated through the SPSS software. From both analyses, the variable PCSD performance is higher than other four variables in the field of student perception of social and cultural diversity in education.

Preparation of Bi@Ho3+:TiO2/Composite Fiber Photocatalytic Materials and Hydrogen Production via Visible Light Decomposition of Water

Using electrospun nanofibers doped with TiO2 and rare-earth ion Ho3+ as the matrix, and sodium gluconate as the reducing agent, Bi(NO3)3 was reduced using hydrothermal technology to produce Bi@Ho3+:TiO2 composite fiber materials. The materials’ phase, morphology, and photoelectric properties were characterized using various analytical testing methods, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-Vis DRS), and transient photocurrent (IP). During the hydrothermal process, it was confirmed that Bi3+ was reduced by sodium gluconate to form pure Bi nanoparticles, which combined with Ho3+:TiO2 nanofibers to form heterojunctions. By leveraging the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect of metallic Bi and the abundant energy level structure and 4f electron transition properties of rare-earth Ho3+, the TiO2 nanofibers underwent dual modification, effectively enhancing the photocatalytic activity and stability of TiO2. Under visible light irradiation, the rate of hydrogen production through water decomposition reached 43.6 μmol·g−1·h−1.

Effectiveness of the Combination of Cat Stretching With Green Tea on Pain Intensity of Primary Dysmenorrhea

Dysmenorrhea is lower abdominal pain during menstruation which is usually accompanied by sweating, headaches, diarrhea, and vomiting. It can be treated non-pharmacologically, namely by stretching with green tea. The results of a preliminary study conducted on students at Hang Tuah University Pekanbaru were that they did not know that yoga (cat stretching) with herbal products (green tea) could reduce dysmenorrhoea. This research aimed to determine the effectiveness of the combination of stretching paint with green tea on the intensity of dysmenorrhea in midwifery undergraduate students at Hang Tuah University Pekanbaru in 2024. This research used a two-group test post-test design and was quasi-experimental. The sample population of 298 female students in this study used purposive sampling taking into account the inclusion criteria with a sample size of 40 respondents divided into 2 groups, 20 for the experimental group, 20 for the control group, and data collection via questionnaire links and questionnaire sheets. Wilcoxon Test and Mann-Whitney Test analysis methods. The results of the Wilcoxon test showed that there was an effect of giving a combination of stretching paint and green tea on the intensity of dysmenorrhoea pain (p-value=0.000). The Mann-Whitney test showed that there was a difference in the intensity of dysmenorrhoea pain in the two groups (p-Value=0.000). It is hoped that future research can use samples that are not small or have more than 40 respondents.

Rolling bearing fault analysis based on variational mode decomposition and multiscale arrangement entropy

Rolling bearings in operation will appear nonlinear characteristics of the fault vibration signal. In the process of fault feature extraction, a single permutation entropy (PE) produces unsatisfactory results and low accuracy. In this paper, a new diagnostic method was proposed, which was based on variational mode decomposition (VMD) and multiscale permutation entropy (MPE) to diagnose and analyze rolling bearing faults, multi-scale aligned entropy features of intrinsic mode function (IMF) of faulty vibration signals were extracted, and then support vector machine (SVM) and K-nearest neighbor algorithm (KNN) were used to analyze these features, and the maximum attribution metrics were used to determine classification results. The test results show that this method can improve the detection accuracy by comparing with other test analysis methods.

From minimum-viable-products to full models: a step-wise development of diagnostic forward models in support of design, analysis and modelling on the ST40 tokamak

Like most magnetic confined fusion experiments, the ST40 tokamak started off with a small subset of diagnostics and gradually increased the diagnostic set to include more complex and comprehensive systems. To make the most of each operational phase, forward models of various diagnostics are used and developed to aid design, provide consistency-checks during commissioning, test analysis methods, and build workflows to constrain high-level parameters to inform interpretation, theory and modelling. For new models and new analysis workflows, minimum-viable-products are released early, and their complexity is increased in a step-wise manner, facilitating the support of all programme phases on multiple parallel applications, while enabling learning opportunities and feedback loops. In this contribution we review the philosophy, scope and architecture of the framework under development. We discuss the details of some forward models, with examples on how they are used to aid diagnostic design, to investigate analysis methodologies through synthetic data, and how they are embedded in experimental analysis workflows. We compare previously published experimental results with new, more advanced analysis workflows employing more recent, detailed models and new diagnostic data, providing confirmation of the published material from the 2021–22 experimental campaign.

THE RELATIONSHIP OF THE INCIDENT OF DIABETES DISTRESS AND SELF CARE IN DIABETES MELLITUS PATIENTS

The disease that is often found in the community is diabetes mellitus. Diabetes mellitus is caused by metabolic disorders that occur in the pancreas organ. Diabetic patients will feel frustrated, angry, hopeless, stressed, anxious and emotional, which is called diabetes stress. Patients with diabetes will experience psychological changes including stress due to the treatment they are undergoing. This study aims to determine the relationship between diabetes distress and self care in diabetics. This type of research used is a quantitative method, with a cross sectional approach. The research instrument used was a questionnaire sheet that had been tested for validity in previous studies. The research respondents consisted of 30 diabetes mellitus patients in the inpatient room at Permata Medika Hospital, Semarang, who were taken using total sampling techniques. The test analysis method used is Rank Spearman. There is a relationship between diabetes distress and self-care in diabetes mellitus sufferers in the inpatient ward of Permata Medika Hospital, Semarang. The results of the analysis using the Spearman rank correlation test regarding diabetes distress and self-care of diabetes mellitus sufferers obtained p value = 0.000, meaning p value ≤ 0.05. The coefficient value or r value = -0.650 shows a strong relationship in the negative direction so it means the diabetes distress is getting lighter. the better the self-care behavior. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that there is a relationship between diabetes distress and self-care in diabetes mellitus sufferers in the inpatient ward of Permata Medika Hospital, Semarang.

A practical approach to estimate analytical method variability from routine testing

The performance of analytical test methods is critical to ensure decisions that affect efficacy and quality of pharmaceutical products are based on accurate and reliable results. As described in USP <1220> and advocated for in ICH Q14, continued verification of critical method attributes linked to bias and precision is essential to ensure method performance throughout the lifecycle of an analytical test method. As continued verification programs for analytical methods within the pharmaceutical industry mature, additional monitoring tools are required to deliver robust and cost-effective verification programs. Herein, a novel methodology is presented to evaluated analytical method variability directly from results generated during routine method execution. The implementation of the methodology is demonstrated for a small molecule liquid chromatographic assay method utilizing a single-point external reference calibration. Approaches to reduce the required data to be collected and broaden the applicability of the methodology to a wide range of analytical methods is described. Finally, the application of the methodology to method development activities is discussed to aid in the identification of variability sources and effectively select replication strategies, thus allowing a holistic understanding of method variability throughout the entirety of the method lifecycle.

Innovative design addressing complex airway stenosis: Multidimensional performance assessment of a novel Y-shaped airway stent

“Y-shaped” airway stents have been widely used in the treatment of airway diseases, especially airway stenosis, due to their excellent flexibility. However, the current research on the flexibility of “Y-shaped” airway stents is still blank, limiting the possibility of improving the performance of stents in complex clinical disease. This study aimed to establish multi-dimensional evaluation of the flexibility of a novel segmented “Y-shaped” airway stent and two kinds of conventional stents. We evaluated the flexibility of the segmented stent, wholly knitted stent, and silicone stent by in vitro mechanical testing and finite element analysis methods. That is, the bending force and spring-back force of three kinds of stent were measured in left–right, anterior-posterior and longitudinal directions. The torque of the stents in torsion-recovery test of branches of stent was also executed. Finite element analysis was performed to evaluate the change of diameter. According to the detection, the bending force and spring-back force of the branch of the segmented stent during left–right and anterior-posterior compression, and the torque during torsion and recovery were lower than those of the other two stents. In finite element analysis, the diameter change of the segmented stent was minimal among the three stents. The flexibility of the segmented “Y-shaped” airway stent was better than that of the conventional “Y-shaped” airway stents, indicating that it has better adaptability and resistance to compression when implanted in the body.

Shear resistance test analysis and calculation method of shear capacity of UHPC-NC beam without web reinforcement

In order to study the failure phenomenon and shear resistance performance of UHPC-NC beams without web reinforcement, shear resistance tests were carried out on 15 UHPC-NC beams without web reinforcement. The variation parameters were shear span ratio, web thickness, steel fiber content, and compressive stress level. The load-deflection curve, failure phenomenon and crack development of the test beam are analyzed. The test results show that the joint between the top plate and the bottom plate of UHPC-NC I-beam without web reinforcement is the weakest, and the cracked web is easy to be “cut off” at the joint; The “banding crack area” of web is closely related to the shear span ratio, and the width of ribbon area increases with the increase of shear span ratio. The shear capacity of UHPC-NC I-beam without web reinforcement decreases with the increase of shear-span ratio. The shear capacity increases with the increase of web thickness and compressive stress level. The shear capacity has little relationship with steel fiber content, and the initial stiffness of the structure can be improved by applying prestress. Finally, considering the influence of the top slab compression-shear zone and the bottom slab tension-shear zone on the shear capacity of UHPC-NC prestressed composite beams without web reinforcement, the corresponding calculation method of shear capacity is given based on the modified compression field theory and the idea of sub-item superposition, and the applicability of the calculation method is verified by the test results.

Analysis of Differences Food Industry and Footwear Industry Sectors on Economic Growth of Industrial Sector in Mojokerto Regency

The growth of the industrial sector has a significant impact on economic growth in a region. The industrial sector that dominates Mojokerto Regency is the food and footwear industry. Industrial development can be seen through the number of industries, workforce and investment. Even though they both dominate, the development of the footwear industry has decreased compared to the food industry which is increasingly developing well. The aim of this research is to determine the differences between the food and footwear industries and their influence on the economic growth of the industrial sector in Mojokerto Regency. This research is important because it not only discusses the differences between the food and footwear industries but also looks at the influence of these two industries on the economic growth of the industrial sector. This research uses a different test analysis method independent sample t-test and multiple linear regression analysis on time series data. The research results show that the number of industries and workers in the food and footwear industrial sector does not make a difference to the economic growth of the industrial sector, while investment in the food and footwear industrial sector has a difference to the economic growth of the industrial sector. Then the number of industries, workforce and investment in the food industry partially and simultaneously influence the economic growth of the industrial sector. While labor and investment in the footwear industry have an influence on economic growth, the number of industries in the footwear industry has no effect on the economic growth of the industrial sector in Mojokerto Regency.

STUDY OF THE INTERRELATON BETWEEN KNOWLEDGE OF PSYCHOLOGICAL SELF-REGULATION METHODS OF THE PERSON AND MINDFULNESS (EXAMPLE OF TEACHERS)

The purpose of this article is to study the importance of psychological self-regulation among teachers, as well as their level of mindfulness. Survey, testing and content analysis methods were applied. We applied localized version of Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire and Mindfulness experience questionnaire. In the article, we present the responses or coping mechanisms to stressful situations given by the teachers. Based on the teachers' answers, we have distinguished adaptive and non-adaptive coping mechanisms. Referring to the methods of psychological self-regulation, we presented the role of psychological self-regulation and particularly mindfulness meditation in the process of overcoming stress. During the experimental research, we tried to find out how teachers' knowledge and application of psychological self-regulation methods interrelates with mindfulness. As a result of the research we conclude that psychological self-regulation, especially mindfulness meditation, is not widespread among teachers, moreover, there is no clear understanding of self-regulation methods, their use and importance. The level of mindfulness among teachers is average.