Tertiary Institution In Southwestern Nigeria Research Articles

Oro-facial lesions in human immunodeficiency virus infected children in Ile-Ife, Nigeria

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine the prevalence and types of oro-facial lesions and their relationship with the degree of immune suppression in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children. This was compared with the prevalence among healthy HIV-negative children. The study was carried out in a tertiary institution in Southwestern Nigeria from May 2005 to March 2006. None of the children in the study had ever been treated with antiretroviral drugs. Thirty-four (87.2%) of 39 HIV infected children and two (9.5%) of the 21 HIV-uninfected children had oro-facial lesions (Fisher's exact, P = 0.0001). In the HIV-infected children, lymphadenopathy was the commonest lesion (82.1%) followed by oral candidiasis (43.6%), gingivitis (25.6%) and bilateral parotid enlargement (25.6%). The most common form of candidiasis was pseudomembranous. All the oro-facial lesions were more common in children with severe immune suppression and were not related to the age, gender or socioeconomic class of the children. It is therefore concluded that there is a high prevalence of oro-facial lesions in HIV-infected children in this study particularly in those with severe immune suppression. These lesions could serve as surrogate markers of HIV infection and aid in initiating prompt diagnosis where routine laboratory investigation for all children at risk is economically not feasible.

Emotional intelligence, academic procrastination and academic achievement in two tertiary institutions in South-Western Nigeria

Academic achievement is the main measure of the level of education attained, which is meant to achieve the curriculum objective of success and priority. The study investigated effect of emotional intelligence and academic procrastination on academic achievement of students in two Nigerian Universities. The study adopted research survey design. One hundred (100) respondents participated in the study. Two instruments were adapted for the study they are; Emotional Intelligence Scale and Academic Procrastination Scale. Four hypotheses were formulated and tested. Data obtained was analyzed using Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) and T-test. Findings revealed that there was no significant relationship between emotional intelligence and academic achievement of students (p>0.05) and there was no significance difference in academic achievement of respondents based on participants' level of emotional intelligence. Findings also showed that there was no significant relationship between academic procrastination and academic achievement (p>0.05), and there was no significance difference in academic achievement of participants based on participants' level of academic procrastination. It was therefore recommended that efforts should be made to look into other pressing factors like self-esteem, teacher's attitude, student's attitude, parental background among others which may be influencing student's poor academic achievement.

Evaluation of the extent and pattern of use of herbal bitters among students in a tertiary institution in Southwestern Nigeria

Purpose: To evaluate the extent and pattern of use of herbal bitters among students. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study where pre-tested structured questionnaires were administered to 1000 students. The questionnaire elicited information on the extent and pattern of use, self-reported indications, side effects experienced and possible drugs that were concomitantly coadministered with herbal bitters. Pearson Chi square, Fisher exact test and Relative risk ratio were used to detect association between gender and self-reported indications and side effects experienced with herbal bitters at a level of significance of p < 0.05. Results: The response rate and extent of use were 96 % and 40.9 % respectively. Herbal bitters were used for claims such as cleansers 88 (40.2 %), anti-infectives 48 (21.1 %), for rejuvenation 32 (14.0 %), and for weight loss 14 (6.1 %). Self-reported side effects included dizziness 49 (22.0 %), loss of taste 46 (20.6 %) and nausea and vomiting 22 (9.7 %). Herbal bitters were also co-administered with antimalarials 22 (6.3 %); analgesics 16 (4.5 %) and herbal supplements 13 (3.7 %). Reports of students using two different types of herbal bitter concurrently 15 (3.9 %) were also garnered. Male students experienced more side effects than females (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The co-administration of herbal bitters with allopathic medicines and the use of more than one herbal bitter at a time reported in this study can be addressed by the appropriate health authorities through proper educational programme.

Prevalence of Infertility and Acceptability of Assisted Reproductive Technology among Women Attending Gynecology Clinics in Tertiary Institutions in Southwestern Nigeria

This study is aimed to assess the level of awareness and perceptions of Assisted Reproductive Technology among women attending fertility clinics in Osun State South West Nigeria. A total of 257 women attending gynecology clinics in Osun State teaching hospitals (LAUTECH and OAU Teaching Hospitals) were recruited through systematic sampling technique, using a pre-tested, semi-structured, interviewer administered questionnaire. Only 46% of the respondents were aware of ART. About 73.5% of those that were aware would opt for it. Thirty five point six percent of those who rejected IVF claimed that the cost was high, 31.1% of them believed that only God gives babies while 18.9% of was the opinion that the procedure may fail. 25.6% believed ART babies are artificial babies. Only 24.3% knew where the services were offered while 16.5% were only aware of the cost. 192(76.8%) has a positive attitude to ART. Duration of infertility, being married and high educational status were the predictors of being aware of ART, giving support for ART and opting for ART as a solution to the problem of infertility. There was a low awareness about ART and educational status influenced level of awareness. There is need to put in more efforts in spreading the knowledge of in-vitro fertilization in developing countries like Nigeria. Efforts should be made to make the procedure more affordable and accessible.

The effects of management use of motivation on workers' job commitment: an empirical investigation of tertiary institutions in South-western Nigeria

This paper examines the perceived effects of management use of motivation on workers’ job commitment in tertiary institutions in South-western Nigeria. The empirical study was conducted via the administration of 2,680 questionnaires on teaching and non-teaching staff of selected institutions. Using the framework from Aborisade and Obioha (2009) and Khong (2005), factors manifesting employee’s job commitment were regressed on the key factors manifesting successful motivation. The dataset from the sample underwent series of statistical analysis (validity and reliability analysis, factor analysis-exploratory and confirmatory- and hypothesis testing). This study confirmed that motivation had a significant association on workers’ job commitment. The empirical analysis conducted on the data revealed that workers of the institutions were not well motivated. The motivation schemes designed for the workers were not adequate and able to meet up with the level of expectation of the employees. The findings could be used by Nigerian universities to compose strategies to optimise their management of workers job commitment and motivational/reward policies. Policy implications were highlighted at the end of this report.

Caesarean section at a tertiary institution in Southwestern Nigeria—A 6-year audit

Introduction: Caesarean section is one of the commonest surgical procedures worldwide. Its upward trend and associated morbidity/mortality especially in low-resource setting makes regular appraisal of the practice necessary. Methodology: A retrospective study. Labour ward logbook and case records were looked into, and all information extracted. Results: Caesarean section rate was 35.5%, with an upward trend. Perinatal death was still high. Main indication was previous caesarean section followed by obstructed labour while major maternal morbidity was wound sepsis. Identifiable factors to perinatal death were multiparity, emergency caesarean section and women that were referred to our health facility. Conclusion: Risk appraisal and all efforts must be geared towards reducing caesarean section rate especially in our environment where subsequent deliveries might not be attended to by skilled health personnel.

Barrier contraception among adolescents and young adults in a tertiary institution in Southwestern Nigeria: A cross-sectional descriptive study

Nigeria, like most African nations, is basically conservative, but the young people are becoming more sexually liberated, and the incidence of STD/HIV, unwanted pregnancies and abortions among these young people is on the increase. The use of barrier contraception (BC), which is a cost-effective method of preventing STD/HIV, unwanted pregnancies and its attending complications, has therefore become an important issue in reproductive health. This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among first year students of Osun State University, Nigeria. Four hundred respondents were studied using pre-tested semi-structured questionnaires. The respondents were selected by balloting. Most respondents (93%) had heard about the male condom as a method of barrier contraception. Most respondents (79.1%) supported the use of barrier contraceptives, but many (62.5%) thought it would promote sexual promiscuity, 33.4% believed that the use of barrier contraception reflected a lack of trust from the partner, and 38.7% felt barrier contraception is not necessary with a stable partner. One hundred and sixty one (40.5%) had used a form of barrier contraception before, but only 130 (32.7%) are currently using BC. The male condom was the most commonly used method (88.2%), followed by female condom and diaphragm (5.6% respectively). The prevention of STI and unwanted pregnancies were the main reasons (59%) given by respondents for using BC, while religion was the main reason given by non-users. The attitudes of these students toward barrier contraception and their practice were poor. The role of sex education at homes and religious gatherings cannot be over-emphasized.

An Investigation into Communication Climate and Staff Efficiency in South-Western Nigeria Tertiary Institutions

This study examined the relationship between communication climate and staff efficiency in selected tertiary institutions in south-western Nigeria. Using the stratified random sampling technique, 1500 workers were drawn from public and private tertiary institutions i.e Universities, Polytechnics and Colleges of Education). The descriptive survey research design was adopted while data were collected via questionnaire tagged Communication Climate and Staff Efficiency Questionnaire (CCSEQ). This questionnaire was also complemented with an interview schedule. Five null hypotheses were generated while the Pearson's product moment correlation and t-test statistics were employed in testing the hypotheses at 0.05 error margins. Plausible recommendations were posited as a result of the findings. Keywords: Communication Climate, Staff, Staff Efficiency, Tertiary Institutions, Organization.African Research Review Vol. 2 (3) 2008: pp. 173-186

Knowledge, attitudes to HIV/AIDS and sexual behaviour of students in a tertiary institution in south-western Nigeria

Objective To determine the knowledge, attitude and sexual behaviour of students in a tertiary institution in south western Nigeria with regard to HIV/AIDS.Methods Descriptive cross-sectional survey conducted between January and March 2005. Information was collected from 368 students of a tertiary institution in Ede, Osun State, Nigeria. Participants were selected by a multi-stage sampling method and data obtained using a semi-structured pre-tested questionnaire.Results Most (89.4%) respondents were aware of the existence of HIV/AIDS, and knew the aetiology, routes of transmission, signs and symptoms, and preventive measures against the disease. While a little over half (59.8%) of the respondents revealed that they could hug people with HIV/AIDS, one out of four (27.2%) stated that these persons should be isolated from the community. Less than a quarter (22.3%) of the respondents believed that they were vulnerable to HIV/AIDS. More than half (58.2%) had ever had sex; the mean age at their first sexual exposure (for all respondents) was 16.7 ± 4.4 years. Almost half (48.2%) of the 191 currently sexually active respondents had multiple sexual partners. Of the sexually active respondents, 75.9% claimed to have ever used condoms; among these, male respondents were more likely to have ever used condoms than their female counterparts (p < 0.05).Conclusion The study revealed a gap in the knowledge of HIV/AIDS and an inappropriate sexual behaviour among respondents. Meaningful strategies, such as an innovative and culturally sensitive adolescent sexual and reproductive health programme that focuses on modification of sexual behaviour should be adopted to allow young people to prevent transmission of the HIV/AIDS virus.

A 12-year review of cases of adult tetanus managed at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria

In this review, hospital case records of 202 adult tetanus managed between January 1990 and December 2001 in a tertiary institution in Southwestern Nigeria were reviewed. The mean age of the patients was 36.1+/-17.8 years with male:female ratio of 2.2:1 and an overall mortality rate of 64%. Patients with unfavourable outcomes spent 4.5+/-0.41 days compared with 16.6+/-1.2 days by those who survived. Factors associated with poor prognosis are age >60 years (P=0.029), incubation period <7 days (P=0.007), period of onset <48 h (P=0.0001), tachycardia with pulse rate >120/min (P=0.001) and spasm (P=0.002). Gender (P=0.11), post-injury vaccination (P=0.48) and types of antibiotics administered (P=0.49) were not significantly associated with increased mortality. The three most common complications were aspiration pneumonitis, sepsis and urinary bladder obstruction while complications with highest mortality (100%) were sepsis and cardiac arrest.

Factors Influencing Attitude of Youth Towards Entrepreneurship

ABSTRACT The study was carried out to investigate the attitude of youth towards entrepreneurship programs. It was aimed at identifying the capacity factors of potential youth entrepreneurs and the critical external factors influencing their attitude towards entrepreneurship programs. It was also aimed at determining the level of influence of these factors and identifying the perceived enhancing factors and inhibitions on the youth entrepreneurial skill development. The data of the study was collected from two hundred and ten respondents who were in their final year in the tertiary institutions in southwestern Nigeria. The respondents were selected using the stratified random sampling method. Entrepreneurship program attitude was measured using the Likert scale, while the independent variables were measured by nominal and interval scaling techniques. Data were collected through pre-tested questionnaires. Descriptive analysis was used to describe and highlight the variables, while inferential statistical tools were applied in the analysis of the relationships existing between variables of interest. The results show that innovativeness and industriousness were the entrepreneurial personality traits that scored very high. Infrastructure, finance, and technical factors were revealed to have been inhibiting their potentials, while the education system and the rate of information technology development were perceived to have positively impacted their attitude. A linear dependence between entrepreneurial personality traits, learning, and experience, and the general attitude was revealed. Social factors were among those revealed to have averagely influenced the attitude of the youth towards entrepreneurship programs. The study concluded that entrepreneurial capacity factors, such as personality traits, learning, experiences, social factors and culture; and entrepreneurial enhancing factors, such as information technology development and education system have influenced the favorable attitude of the youth towards entrepreneurship programs. The study also concluded that the integration of some factor's, such as infrastructure and finance during information processing forming the beliefs of the youth have inhibited their skill development, thus developing an unfavorable attitude towards entrepreneurship programs.