Tertiary Institution In Ibadan Research Articles

The Prevalence and Antibiotic-resistant Profile of Staphylococcus aureus from Fomites in a Tertiary Institution in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria

The increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (ARSA) poses a significant public health threat, especially in environments with high human contact such as tertiary institutions. This study was justified by the need to address the role of fomites as vectors for the transmission of ARSA, particularly in communal settings where contamination can lead to widespread infections. The investigation aimed to isolate and identify Staphylococcus aureus from fomites in a tertiary institution in Ibadan, Nigeria, and assess the antibiotic resistance profiles of these isolates. Fifteen samples were collected from various fomites within the institution and were cultured on Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA). Biochemical tests, including catalase, coagulase, and hemolysis assays, were used for the identification of Staphylococcus species. Antibiotic susceptibility test was conducted using the disk diffusion method to determine the resistance patterns of the isolates. Additionally, biofilm formation, which complicates infection control, was assessed using Congo red agar. The results revealed that 54% of the isolates were identified as Staphylococcus aureus, 33% as Staphylococcus epidermidis, and 13% as Staphylococcus hemolyticus. The isolates exhibited high resistance to commonly used antibiotics, including beta-lactams, with significant multi-drug resistance observed. Furthermore, all isolates demonstrated biofilm-forming abilities, which increase their virulence and resistance to environmental stressors. This study highlights the critical role of fomites in the transmission of antibiotic-resistant pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus in communal settings. This finding underscores the urgent need for stringent hygiene practices, routine surveillance, and targeted interventions to control the spread of ARSA in environments with frequent human interaction.

Geodatabase and Health Risk Assessment of Avenue Trees on Selected Roads in a Tertiary Institution in Ibadan, Nigeria

Geodatabase and Health Risk Assessment of Avenue Trees on Selected Roads in a Tertiary Institution in Ibadan, Nigeria

Sexual promiscuity among students in tertiary institutions: Interrogating the roles of peer influence, parenting processes, social economic status and social media

The study examined peer influence, parenting, socioeconomic status, and social media as predictors of sexual promiscuity among youths in tertiary institutions in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. The study adopted the descriptive survey design of correlational type. Multi-stage sampling technique was used in this study. Data was collected using (Parental Socioeconomic Status Scale α = .89; Parentings and Dimensions Questionnaire α =0.79; Peer Influence α =0.78; Social Network Usage Questionnaire α=.84). Peer influence (r = .264; p<0.05); Parenting (r = .272; p<0.05) and social media (r = .223; p<0.05) had a significant relationship with (sexual promiscuity) but social economic status (r = .023; p<0.05) was not. Social media made the most significant contribution (β = .156; t= 2.572; p<0.05). The study concluded that there is a predictive and positive relationship between peer influence, parenting, social media, and sexual promiscuity among youths in tertiary institutions.

Ergonomic Risk Assessment of Nigerian Teaching Personnel: Cases of a Secondary School and a Tertiary Institution in Ibadan, Nigeria

Educators often spend a lot of time carrying out repetitive motions of the upper limbs and prolonged standing on a daily basis, exposing them to hours of ergonomic risks. This is due to awkward postures, caused by significant deviation of some major body members from the normal neutral positions. Poor ergonomics can lead to various Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs), which are of serious concern for workplace safety, especially in jobs that require repetitive motions. It thus became necessary to assess the stress level associated with teaching postures and the prevalent musculoskeletal discomfort in different parts of the body. In this study, ergonomic assessment of teaching personnel at an International Secondary School and University of Ibadan, Nigeria was conducted to determine the prevalent musculoskeletal discomfort in different parts of the body. The study utilised two ergonomic assessment tools- Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) and Cornell Musculoskeletal Discomfort Questionnaire (CMDQ) to gather qualitative and quantitative data about posture and motions during teaching activities. It was discovered that both university lecturers and secondary school teachers in Nigeria face significant ergonomic risks, primarily in the neck, shoulders, and lower back. Further comparison revealed that educators in the secondary school experienced higher severity of musculoskeletal discomfort and exposure to MSD risks, compared to those in the tertiary institution. The educators of the International School had an average REBA score of 4.57, while those at the University of Ibadan had a score of 3.73. These scores indicated a medium level of MSD risk for both groups, but the educators of the International School were at a higher risk. On comparing the CMDQ outcome, it was discovered that there were major differences in the regions where discomforts were reported. While secondary school revealed higher average scores in the neck, right shoulder, and left shoulder regions, and with the neck region having a mean score of 7.003; right shoulder having a mean score of 4.550; and left shoulder having a mean score of 1.600; outcome from University of Ibadan revealed higher mean scores in the lower back and left wrist regions, with the lower back region having a mean score of 7.450 and left wrist region having a mean score of 1.030. These scores indicated a mild to moderate level of discomfort for both groups, with each facing major discomfort in unique body regions. This research highlights the significance of ergonomic evaluation and the combination of quantitative and qualitative data to identify potential interventions.

Isolation of pathogenic strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from mobile phones in a tertiary institution in Ibadan, Nigeria

The health implications of mobile phones emission have been a matter of concern to health practitioners for decades but little or no attention has been given to the mobile phones as potential fomites for pathogens. This study isolated and characterised methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) on mobile phones of students in a tertiary institution in Ibadan, Nigeria. One hundred swab samples were obtained from the surfaces of mobile phones of students in a cross-sectional study conducted between July and August, 2019. Presumptive staphylococci were isolated on mannitol salt agar and identities were confirmed by standard biochemical test and Gram-staining. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was done by disc-diffusion method and mecA or mecALGA251, tsst-1, eta and etb genes screened by PCR technique. Among the 200 presumptive S. aureus isolated, 163 (81.5%) were confirmed as S. aureus exhibiting resistance to ofloxacin (1.8%), gentamicin (3.7%), ceftriaxone (29.4%), ceftazidime (57.7%), cefoxitin (61.3%), cefuroxime (64.4%), erythromycin (85.3%), amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (86.5%) and cloxacillin (92%). Proportion of MRSA and methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) were 61.3% and 38.7% respectively with significant difference in their level of antibiotic resistance to the cephalosporins (excluding ceftriaxone), penicillins, erythromycin and ofloxacin (p<0.05). All the MRSA strains were multidrug resistant (MDR) harbouring mecA or mecALGA251 (56.3%), tsst-1 (56.3%), etb (31.3%) and eta (12.5%) genes. This study detected a high proportion of methicillin-resistant, virulent S. aureus as fomites on surfaces of mobile phones among students of a tertiary institution. This is of public health concern and thus requires strong public education to avoid imminent spread and outbreaks.

Description and Composition of Tree Species in a Tertiary Institution Agricultural Faculty Arboretum, Ibadan, South-West Nigeria

The Arboretum of the Agricultural Faculty of a tertiary institution in Ibadan is known for its rich diversity of trees. Therefore, the study investigates the tree growth variables in the arboretum such as diameter at breast height (dbh), diameter at the base, middle and top of the bole, total height, merchantable height and crown diameter. The basal area and volume were then calculated per species and per family. Several models were fitted for the height – diameter relationship and crown diameter – diameter relationship and crown diameter – dbh relationship. Positive linear relationships were observed among the growth variables. The fitted models showed that cubic models exhibit a more reliable function than quadratic and linear models for crown diameter – dbh predictions as it has R2 above 0.75. Endangered species were observed too and this was indicated through the diversity index obtained. The highest basal area encounter belongs to myrtaceae family (9.61m2) while the lowest belongs to pinaceae family (0.24m2). The total basal area obtained at (31.72m2) from the faculty trees indicates that they are exhibiting better growth and yield.

Outcomes of surgical treatments for acquired gynatresia in a tertiary institution in Ibadan, Nigeria

A 16-year review of causes, clinical presentation and management outcomes of Acquired gynatresia (AG) at University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. Information was obtained using a proforma and data analysed using SPSS version 20.0. The mean age of the 31 women with AG was 35.6 ± 6.2 years. The majority (90.3%) were married and had a tertiary level of education. The mean parity was 0.74 ± 1.1 and 54.8% were nulliparous while 29.0% were primiparous women. The commonest cause of AG was the insertion of caustic substances into the vagina and this was mainly for the treatment of uterine fibroid (68.2%) and infertility (54.5%). Over three-quarters presented with dyspareunia while 54.8% had infertility. A majority (87.1%) had one-stage surgery with dissection/excision of fibrotic tissue being the commonest (45.2%) and sigmoid vaginoplasty the least performed. Postoperative complications were seen in 29.0% of cases. Acquired gynatresia remains a condition of public health interest despite an increase in female education and relatively improved health care in Nigeria. Impact statement What is already known on this subject? Acquired gynatresia (AG) could be of chemical and non-chemical origin and result from certain cultural beliefs and practices. What do the results of this study add? Irrespective of the women’s level of education, there is inadequate awareness of the implications of inserting caustic materials into the vagina. However, there is a high success rate of treatment of AG. What the implications are of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? There is a need to increase health education and awareness of the populace on the causes of AG and its associated complications.

Factors Influencing the Knowledge and Practice of Emergency Contraception among Nigerian Male Undergraduates

Background: Unwanted pregnancies among young women is a growing reproductive health concern. Correct and consistent use of contraception will stop this ugly trend while emergency contraception (EC) can also be viewed as a 'second chance method' in preventing unwanted pregnancies and unsafe abortions. The aim of this study is to assess the knowledge and practice of emergency contraception among Nigerian male undergraduates as they are known to have risky sexual behaviours.Methodology: This was a cross sectional study involving three hundred and thirty male undergraduates from three Tertiary institutions in Ibadan. A Multi-staged random sampling technique was used to recruit participants.Results: Knowledge about EC was poor among majority (74.5%) of male undergraduates. About 55.2% of the participants were sexually active and out of which 33.9% are currently using EC. The commonly (67.5%) used EC by their partners was levonorgestrel only pill (Postinor). Participants with higher levels of education, awareness of EC, previous use or having a partner who had previouslyused EC, participants who had sex within the past 6 months and those who were willing to recommend EC to others had a better knowledge of EC, which were all statistically significant.Conclusion: Providing accurate information to improve knowledge of EC among young men could lead to an increase in the uptake of EC.

Factors Influencing the Knowledge and Practice of Emergency Contraception among Nigerian Male Undergraduates

Background: Unwanted pregnancies among young women is a growing reproductive health concern.Correct and consistent use of contraception will stop this ugly trend while emergency contraception (EC) can also be viewed as a 'second chance method' in preventing unwanted pregnancies and unsafe abortions. The aim of this study is to assess the knowledge and practice of emergency contraception among Nigerian male undergraduates as they areknown to have risky sexual behaviours.
 Methodology: This was a cross sectional study involving three hundred and thirty male undergraduates from three Tertiary institutions in Ibadan. A Multi-staged random sampling technique was used to recruit participants.Results: Knowledge about EC was poor among majority (74.5%) of male undergraduates. About 55.2% of the participants were sexually active and out of which 33.9% are currently using EC. The commonly (67.5%) used EC by their partners waslevonorgestrel only pill (Postinor). Participants with higher levels of education, awareness of EC, previous use or having a partner who had previously used EC, participants who had sex within the past 6 months and those who were willing to recommend EC to others had a better knowledge of EC, which were all statistically significant.
 Conclusion: Providing accurate information to improve knowledge of EC among young men could lead to an increase in the uptake of EC.

Youths and non-consensual sex: exploring the experiences of rape and attempted rape survivors in a tertiary institution in Ibadan, Nigeria.

Non-consensual Sex (NCS) is a worldwide problem with far reaching effects on the survivors. This study explored the experiences of rape and attempted rape (AR) survivors in a tertiary institution in Nigeria. In-depth interviews with fourteen survivors of rape and AR were used to explore the context of experience of NCS, its consequences and help-seeking. Interviewees consisted two males and five females for each form of NCS who were identified during the quantitative aspect of the study. Interviews were subjected to content analysis. Mean age of the respondents was 22.3±2.5 years. Context of non-consensual sexual experiences varied with sex. Female survivors reported use of physical violence on them by their perpetrators while males reported verbal threats, nudity, forceful hugging and kissing. Means of escape adopted by survivors of AR varied between the sexes. Female AR survivors used physical force as a means of escape while males employed deception/plea. Perpetrators were majorly acquaintances of the survivors. Consequences of the experiences reported include physical injuries and pregnancy among females and psychological disturbances among males. Majority, both males and females did not report, nor seek help due to shame and did not know appropriate methods of preventing future experience. Although both males and females reported they have experienced rape and AR, the context of the experiences and consequences reported varied between both sexes and most did not know how to prevent future experience. This call for urgent development of gender sensitive sexual violence prevention programmes to address this phenomenon. The study received grant support from The Gates Institute, John Hopkins University Baltimore, USA through The Centre for Population and Reproductive Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.

INFLUENCE OF VITAMIN D STATUS ON ATHEROGENIC PROFILE OF APPARENTLY HEALTHY YOUNG ADULTS

ABSTRACT Background: - Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most common group of non-communicable diseases that is responsible for major morbidity and mortality worldwide. Low levels of Vitamin D are associated with CVD risk factors and might predict the occurrence of cardiovascular events through its influence on the process of atherogenesis. Aim: - This study aimed to determine the association between vitamin D and some markers of atherogenesis in apparently healthy youths. Methods: - 150 young adults aged 18 to 25years were recruited from tertiary institutions in Ibadan, Nigeria in 2018 and were grouped into two based on their vitamin D status; Group A (vitamin D ≥30 ng/ml i.e. sufficient) and Group B (vitamin D < 30ng/ml i.e. insufficient/deficient). Anthropometric data, plasma Glucose, Total cholesterol (TC), High density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), Triglycerides (TG), Low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C); and serum Insulin, high sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP), Apolipoprotein B (Apo B), Apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1), ApoB/ApoA1 ratio, Lipoprotein (a) [Lp (a)] were determined by standard methods and compared in the two groups. Results:- Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 20.0. Student’s t test and Pearson correlation were used to compare and assess relationship between normally distributed variables, while Mann-Whitney U test and Spearman rank correlation were used for non-Gaussian variables respectively. Results showed that there was no significant statistical difference in the compared variables between the two groups, except HDL-C which is significantly lower in vitamin D deficient group compared to vitamin D sufficient group. The vitamin D sufficient participants were also taller than the deficient/insufficient group. There was a weak positive correlation between vitamin D and HDL-C; and a weak negative correlation between vitamin D and hs-CRP in vitamin D sufficient group. Conclusion: - Vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency might be associated with the development and progression of inflammation, and abnormal lipid profile (decreased HDL-C); both of which are important risk factors in the development of CVDs.

Spatial analysis of cohabiting tertiary students’ housing location in Ibadan, Nigeria

Cohabitation, as a form of sexual relationship, is becoming popular among tertiary students in developing countries. This is largely due to emergence of sexual liberalization that projects premarital sex as acceptable societal norm. The paper analyses the spatial pattern of cohabitation in communities abutting tertiary institutions in Ibadan, Nigeria. Snowball sampling technique was used to identify cohabiters at Agbowo and Apete and the Coordinates of their residence were taken using Global Positioning System. Nearest Neighbour Analysis (NNA) was adopted for spatial analysis. Spatial pattern of cohabitation at Agbowo (NNA value 1.072615) shows a random pattern. The pattern at Apete (NNA value 0.802374) displays a cluster pattern. Finding identifies, ownership, use and types of building; inadequate on-campus accommodation; peer pressure and poverty as cohabitation causal factors influencing the observed spatial patterns. Therefore, parents and guardians should adopt high-investment strategy in safeguarding the welfare and wellbeing of their wards.

Occupational Wellbeing Among Female Academics; the Influence of Family-Work Interface

There has been a plethora of research on work-life and work-family balance in Nigeria and across the globe, however there is still much to learn of the intersection between people’s work and non-work life. This study examines the influence of work-family interface on occupational and general wellbeing of women in academia. A descriptive survey research design was adopted, with a researcherdesigned set of questionnaires of reliability co-efficient of 0.72 obtained through Cronbach alpha methods. A stratified random sampling technique was adopted in selecting 220 participants from two tertiary institutions in Ibadan, Nigeria out of which 181 were used for data analysis. Frequency Count, Standard Deviation, Pearson Product Moment Correlation and Rank Order were used for data analysis. Findings revealed that work-family interface significantly correlates with, and influences both occupational and general wellbeing of female lecturers. It was suggested that efforts should be geared towards ensuring that work-family balance policy options (such as job sharing, compressed working hours, selfrostering, telecommuting, flexi time, child-care assistance, and so forth) are made for women academics. Such policies should prioritise work flexibility for female academics.

Sexual Violence against Men Students in Tertiary Institutions in Ibadan, South-West Nigeria

The experience of violence to men in Africa has been under-researched, because culturally it is not believed that men may be victims of abuse. This study determined the prevalence and factors associated with experience of Sexual Violence (SV) to men students in tertiary institutions in a metropolitan city, South-West Nigeria. Using multistage sampling technique, 600 men students were randomly selected from two tertiary institutions in Ibadan, Nigeria. With the level of significance set at 5% (p&lt;0.05) and confidence interval at 95% (C.I- 95%), prevalence of SV was 58.3%. Partners were the main (59.4%) perpetrator of SV. Approximately 18.0% victims ever sought help following abuse. Schooling level, family background, current relationship status, alcohol consumption, and smoking status, were significantly associated with experience of SV (p&lt;0.05). Intervention programs that addresses SV and which target students in the lower levels of tertiary education, particularly those from polygamous families and who smoke and drink is necessary in tertiary institutions in Ibadan and possibly other institutions in Nigeria.

Prevalence and pattern of alopecia in secondary and tertiary institutions in Ibadan

Background: Hair loss in African women appears to be on the increase and has been associated with some hair-care practices. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, pattern, and possible hair-care factors associated with alopecia in females in some educational institutions in Ibadan, Nigeria. Methodology: The respondents were interviewed using a pretested questionnaire containing information about their bio-data, hair-care practices, and history of hair loss if any. Subjects were examined for the presence and pattern of hair loss. Results: The prevalence of alopecia was 46.7%, with the traction alopecia being the most common (97.5%). The age range of those with alopecia was mainly 20-29 years. Hair loss was more common in subjects who had chemically treated their hair (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Alopecia is common among female students in secondary and tertiary institutions in Ibadan. Traction alopecia was the most common pattern of hair loss in this study supporting claims of hair-care practices as important etiological factors.

An assessment report on an immunization clinic located in a tertiary institution in Ibadan

Objectives : The aims of the assessment report were to appraise immunization system components and review vaccination coverage between January 2007 and December 2011 at the University College Hospital (UCH) immunization clinic. Methods : The immunization clinic has an annual target population of 997 (for children 10% for the 5-year period. For the adult immunizations, yellow fever recorded the highest coverage rate, while the lowest rate was recorded for tetanus toxoid dose 5 (TT5). The vaccines that were most often in short supply included Diphtheria-pertusis-tetanus, Hepatitis B, yellow fever, oral polio, and cerebrospinal meningitis vaccines. Although good-quality supplies, equipment and consumables were observed, there was no inventory of these items. There were evident interpersonal communication and community mobilization as well as capacity building for staff. Conclusion : The assessment showed there was progress in the provision and administration of immunization based on available resources. There is, however, the need to improve documentation of clinic activities.

The Media, Informal Learning and Ageism in Ibadan, Nigeria

In recent decades, public perceptions of old people have been shifting towards negativity. Stereotypes of ageing may shape behaviours towards the aged, and may complicate the social, nutritional, psychological and health conditions of the elderly. The perception and attitude of people toward the aged cannot be separated from the informal learning outcomes that flowed through or permeated their interactional episodes as well as their encounters and specific events. From the premise of cultivation theory, it is assumed that the stereotypes surrounding beliefs and attitudes about the aged are cultivated from informal, everyday learning through the media. Thus, study examines ageism among young people and the extent to which these beliefs match the ways the elderly are portrayed in the media. Using Nollywood movies as an example of media form to which young people in Nigeria are exposed, the study tests the hypothesis that convergence exists in the extent of ageist beliefs and representations in the media among students of tertiary institution in Ibadan. The result shows that all the dimensions of ageism measured through the modified ageing quiz are represented or enacted in Nollywood movies. While respondents have ageist perceptions of their own, the representations of older persons they encounter in movies are not so different. One effective way to address ageism is to employ the channel through which these stereotypes were constructed in the first place. Through informal learning arrangements, advocacy may be kick-started by exposing the aged and other members of the society to accurate information on what ageing entails.

Contents of Research Activities in Immunology Unit of a Tertiary Institution in Ibadan, Southwestern Nigeria

Background: Immunology laboratories carry out researches and training coupled with accurate diagnosis and prognosis of diseases for effective treatment and elimination of diseases. Information on the patterns of research activities in Immunology laboratories in developing countries is scarce. Aims: This review of pattern of research activities in Immunology Unit of Department of Chemical Pathology, University Of Ibadan, Nigeria aims to provide useful information on outcomes of researches carried out by eminent Nigerian Immunologists so as to provide template for designing further immunological studies. This review also provides basis for more intensive immunological studies on Nigerians exposed to environmental or occupation chemicals which is yet to be extensively explored. The applications of the research outcomes on diagnosis and management of patients is also stressed. Design: A retrospective review of research activities in Immunology Unit of the Department of Chemical Pathology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria till May 2012 was done. Major contributions to knowledge and diagnostic importance of results were enumerated. Results: Majority of the specimens processed for researches were blood, breast-milk, saliva and urine. The subjects recruited were those with malaria parasitemia, urinary schistosomiasis, malnutrition, cancers, HIV infection, pulmonary tuberculosis, periodontitis, pregnancy, neonates, different age groups, different social life-styles and those exposed to chemicals. Most of the immunological studies were carried out on subjects with infectious agents or parasites but little emphasis was placed on

Psychosocial Factors Predicting School Violence Tendencies Among Students of Tertiary Institutions in Ibadan

In recent times, researchers and laymen have observed high incidence of violence in higher institutions of learning worldwide, particularly in Nigeria. This study therefore examined the influence of psychosocial factors on school violence behaviour among students in tertiary institutions in Ibadan. Two hundred volunteered students from their various departments comprising of 80 males and 120 females of both the Polytechnic Ibadan and the University of Ibadan, with a mean age of 23 years participated in the study. The study adopted an ex post facto design. A questionnaire comprising of demographics, social competence scale, Self-efficacy scale and Gough Socialization scale was used to collect data. Data collected was subjected to multiple and stepwise regression analyses, one-way ANOVA and t-test for independent sample to test the hypotheses as stated in the study. Results indicated that all the Psychological variables (Self efficacy, social competence and Socialization) showed significant joint prediction of school violence tendency among students of tertiary institution in 50% of the cases. Age groups, religion as well as sex were also found to have significant influence on school violence tendency among students of tertiary institution respectively (F 197, 2 = 48.12, p 197, 2 = 54.9, p It was therefore concluded that age group, religion, sex as well as self-efficacy and social competence constitute very important factors to be considered in designing youth violence prevention/management strategies. It was recommended that religious leaders as well as psychology experts should not be left out of the quest to prevent or manage school violence in tertiary institutions in Nigeria. African Journal for the Psychological Study of Social Issues Vol.7(2) 2004: 220-236