Terry Fabrics Research Articles

Experimental and statistical comparison of selected water absorption test methods

In the study, it is aimed to experimentally and statistically compare the results of selected three different water absorption test methods and for this purpose, terry fabrics having different physical properties and pretreated with sodium hydroxide were used as samples. Correlation and curve estimation analyses were carried out using the obtained hydrophilicity values and degrees as input data. As a result, it was determined that 50% of the samples have the same hydrophilicity degree in three test methods, and a high correlation was detected between the hydrophilicity degrees obtained by water flow and drop tests. In addition, generally, it was concluded that increasing pile height and weight in water have positive effects on hydrophilicity property.

Objective evaluation of terry fabric hand

The subjective evaluation of fabric hand restricts the scientific understanding of the fabric properties and also limits the application of designing engineering principles to develop high-quality fabrics. Hence, an objective hand evaluation system for terry fabric has been devised in this research work. The sensor of KES-FB4 instrument, used for measuring frictional properties, was modified and the results were used for the development of new hand equations. Four primary hand equations and one total hand equation have been developed using low-stress mechanical properties of terry fabric. It is observed that fabric weight and thickness, compression and surface properties can predict the hand behavior of terry fabric very well. The objective hand values calculated by the newly developed hand equations correlate very well with the subjective hand values.

Influence of terry fabrics structure on dynamic sorption

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of some structural characteristics of terry fabrics on the rate of sorption.Design/methodology/approachFabrics are produced by changing the weft density and the pile height. An experimental stand for dynamic measurement of water sorption is created. The quantities of water absorbed by the fabric over time are determined. The sorption rates are calculated and discussed.FindingsThe dynamics of the sorption process are assessed through the sorption curves presented. The sorption rates for the main sorption stages, as well the average rate for weft and warp direction, are calculated. Results are statistically worked out applying ANOVA. Appropriate conclusions about the influence of the investigated parameters on sorption process are made.Originality/valueThe originality/value of this paper is: determination of the rates of water sorption for the particular time intervals and the average rates for the entire test period; and assessment of the infuence of the loop height and weft density on the sorption rates.

The Comfort Properties of the Terry Towels Made of Cotton and Polypropylene Yarns

Studies of woven fabric comfort properties have aroused the interest of researchers in recent years. Although studies on the structures of woven terry fabrics are rather limited, the study of the comfort properties these fabrics will reveal new approaches regarding the subject. The terry-structured fabrics, used in bathroom, pool, sea, sauna and Turkish bath, hold an important place in people's personal lives as end-products. The methods of identifying and improving the comfort properties of the terry-woven fabric structure are discussed in this study. In the process of sample production, the towels were made on a loom and standard finishing techniques were applied. Cotton and polypropylene yarns were used in this study, and the properties of woven towel fabrics with alternative weaving constructions were measured and analyzed. The comfort parameters of the gray and finished fabrics such as air-permeability, velocity of water absorption, and vapor permeability were measured under standard laboratory conditions and the obtained data were evaluated statistically. At the end of the experimental studies, the data from the terry fabrics which were made of different yarns and different structures were evaluated in order to identify the fabric and yarn parameters which will lead to the best comfort. The experimental results show that the use of the polypropylene fibers for the yarns in high-pile fabrics and the use of the cotton yarn in ground yarns have tend to provide the best comfort.

Development of a 3D model of terry fabric

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to develop a 3D geometric model of terry fabric, taking into consideration structural and geometrical characteristics of the fabric and of the yarns: weave, yarn counts, distances between yarns, weavings‐in, etc.Design/methodology/approachThe structural and geometrical parameters of the fabric and of the yarns are obtained from the pattern by measuring, calculations and through geometric drawings. The model is worked out by means of SolidWorks and is directly compatible for processing using ANSYS. The proposed construction is checked for admission and for matching with the original structure.FindingsA 3D computational model, which can be used for strength‐deformation simulation and analysis of terry fabrics, has been developed.Originality/valueThe study developed a 3D geometric model of a complex woven structure consisting of an additional pile warp system by means of non‐specialized CAD software. It can be used for strength‐deformation simulation and analysis.

Investigation of water absorbency and color fastness of modal woven towels

Water absorbency and color fastness to perspiration, seawater and washing of modal terry woven fabrics were studied in this research. Weft and warp yarns were produced from 100% cotton and pile yarns were produced from 50/0% modal/cotton blended yarn. Terry woven fabrics were produced in five different pile heights. Water absorbency and color fastness tests were carried out on fabrics. It was determined that sinking time of the terry woven fabrics decreased with the increase in pile height. It was observed that wicking height of terry woven fabrics increase by decreasing the weft density of fabrics. It was established that modal towels dyed with reactive dyestuff showed high levels of color fastness. Key words: Modal terry fabric, water absorbency, color fastness.

The Development of ASTM D 4772: The Water Flow Test Method

Abstract ASTM D 4772, “Standard Test Method for Surface Water Absorption of Terry Fabrics (Water Flow),” is a nondestructive test method for determining the effectiveness of terry fabrics and terry fabric products to remove water from various surfaces. Based on the water flow apparatus invented by employees of the former J. P. Stevens and Company, ASTM D 4772 was developed by the ASTM D 13.59 Task Group for the absorbency of woven fabrics. ASTM D 4772 was developed for use in ASTM D 5433 “Standard Performance Specification for Towel Products for Institutional and Household Use.” The single-material single-operator precision and the single-laboratory predictive validity of ASTM D 4772 were found to be good. However, the single-material interlaboratory precision of ASTM D 4772 was found to be poor.

Applying Factor Analysis to the Hand of Terry Fabrics

When the hand of terry fabrics is designed, it is important that interrelations between the sensory value of the hand and various objective tests on terry fabrics, whose pile design factors are changed diversely, are investigated. When two factors of the pile design (a pile ratio and an effective fiber length of a pile warp yarn) are changed, the sense of touch becomes better as energy loss ratio increases and gets worse as compressive resilience, modulus, and recovery ratio increase. When changing two factors of the pile design (a twist number of a pile warp yam and a yarn count of pile warp), the sense of touch becomes better as compressive energy, frictional coefficient, and thickness increase, and gets worse as compressive resilience increases.