Terrorism Research Articles

Terrorism – A Universal Problem

Terrorism first started in our Country in the north eastern states like Assam, Nagaland, and Mizoram etc. A similar type of terrorism known as Naxalism proved to be o impediment in the development of a state like west Bengal and troubled it for a very long west Bengal and troubled it for a very long period of time. We are familiar with the terrorism in Punjab and its cvil Consequences. The terrorism of L.T.T.E. has nearly cut Sri Lanka in to two vertical divisions. Kashmir which was like heaven on earth and the metropolitan cities in India have been turned in to hell by the activities of terrorists. Nepal’s integrity is threatened by the Maoists who have created a terror in the minds of the people. It was an act of terrorism that destroyed the world trade centre in New York.

CORRUPTION, TERRORISM AND INSTITUTIONS AMONG SELECTED COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD

Corruption and Terrorism are burning issues for mankind especially in developing economies. Both these issues are big threat for national security. These core issues are accelerated in the presence of poor institutional performance. Corruption and Terrorism is not only major obstacle in the way of growth, development and economic activities in developing countries it also harness the trust of the people in the institutions and government of the state. Institutions are the main apparatus to minimize the Corruption and Terrorism by efficient performance. In order to test the relationship between corruption, terrorism and institutions panel data technique is used. The time span of study is 2005-2020. It is found that in the presence of well-functioning economic and political institutions corruption and terrorism is minimized Keywords: Terrorism, Institutional Performance, Panel data, FDI, Corruption

The Basque and Catalan questions since 1980

Our contemporary age is one where national identity retains important salience which can partly facilitate explanation. Teaching the Basque and Catalan questions since 1980 to British university students poses a number of challenges to educators. Themes that emerge in teaching about these political conflicts in Spain include state violence, terrorism, nationalism and social movements, minority languages and immigration. Some issues are more complex than others to consider particularly those around political violence and terrorism. However potentially sensitive material does not mean it cannot be tackled. This was a course that sought to demonstrate that questions of identity are contingent and continually subject to re-creation and re-interpretation. The goal of university education should be to explain why these disputes and their causation are contested and inseparable from historically inflected political framing.

The Assassinations of the Ancient Jewish Sicarii from an Intelligence Analysis Perspective. Josephus Flavius Reexamined

The authors recognise that contemporary international terrorism is no different from acts of the terrorist violence of antiquity. The aim of their research is to go beyond traditional historiography and to confront the descriptions of the Jewish Sicarii made by the ancient historian Josephus with the knowledge of modern security science, forensic science, medicine and the tactics of modern cold-steel terrorists . This procedure allows to show the extraordinary organisational prowess (efficiency and effectiveness) of the ancient political and terrorist movement. The authors recognise that this group must have used methods that today could also be described as intelligence and counter-detection. Seen in this way, the part of Josephus' account that has not yet been commented on in the literature in this context raises serious doubts about the details of the cold steel attacks, since they seem to have been well planned, executed, and used in political activity. This was by no means the activity of 'lone wolves'.

ACTS OF GENOCIDE COMMITTED BY ARMENIANS AGAINST THE JEWS AND HISTORICAL CLAIMS TO THEM (1st half of the 20th century)

         In the article, the author highlights the tragic page in the history of the Armenian (Khaykan) political terror, ethnic “cleansing” and massacres committed by Armenians (Khaikans) and directed against the peaceful Jewish population, dating back to the 1st half of the 20th century. Based on archival materials from Azerbaijan, Turkey and Russia, the author presents new facts to the attention of readers and also highlights the bloody events that happened to the Jews in the shadow of the imperialist military operations of tsarist and Bolshevik Russia and sometimes the Entente against the Turkic peoples. We are talking about the genocide of the Jews, committed by the Armenian detachments, who joined the Russian army, during these operations. In another historical case, the Armenian groups in coalition with the anti-Turkic Assyrians had the support of the Entente. According to the historical facts of the author, these tragic events took place in the territory of the Ottoman Empire, Turkestan, Azerbaijan, Iran in 1916 and 1918. The next part of the tragic scenes in the article is the facts about the extermination of peaceful Jews in Hungary and Crimea by the Armenian Legion as part of the fascist army. The author, describing other atrocities and historical claims of the Armenians against the Jews, reveals deep links between the genocide of the Jews committed by the Armenians and the territorial, cultural claims of the Armenians against the Jews. The author of the article draws attention to a large number of different historical materials and reveals the behind-the-scenes facts of fake tears of Armenians about the Holocaust. Armenian nationalists, who historically consider themselves representatives of the cultural part of the world, in fact, in the light of historical evidence, their actions seem to be a society that "has the right" to trample on all values ​​for the mythical "Great Armenia".

Fox News Channel Constructed Realities of Christchurch Shooting

Fox News Channel is a mass media that has ideological ties to the United States Republican Party. Fox & Friends is claimed to be the highest rating cable news program in the US since 2001. In 2019, Fox & Friends reported Christchurch Shooting. The Christchurch incident is the deadliest mass shooting in New Zealand history. FNC constructed reality potentially influenced the public’s understanding of Christchurch shooting. This research examines and explores FNC constructed reality by analyzing how the perpetrators, motives, and impacts are framed. Based on research findings, FNC constructed reality denied the Christchurch shooting as an act of terror. It also tried to influence public understanding that the perpetrator has no ideological connection with Donald Trump. When compared with the Utrecht shooting, FNC chose to use word terror in describing the event, even before the Dutch government gave an official statement regarding the incident. FNC constructed reality shows bias and favoritism towards perpetrators of a certain race, which contradicts the company’s slogan that claims to produce fair and balanced coverages. Thus, to carry out the journalistic functions in a democratic country, FNC must educate the public about the realities, instead of spreading biased and discriminatory reporting.
 Keywords: Ideological; Fox news; Christcurch shooting

Ránquil: Rural Rebellion, Political Violence, and Historical Memory in Chile by Thomas Miller Klubock

Reviewed by: Ránquil: Rural Rebellion, Political Violence, and Historical Memory in Chile by Thomas Miller Klubock J. Patrice McSherry Klubock, Thomas Miller. Ránquil: Rural Rebellion, Political Violence, and Historical Memory in Chile. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2022. Thomas Klubock has amassed a rich store of information about the injustices faced by Chilean campesinos in the years preceding the historic Ránquil rebellion of 1934 and the event itself. Thick with description and detail derived from hitherto unused judicial archives and unknown documents, the book adds depth to our understanding of peasant struggles in the south of Chile and the context surrounding the 1934 rebellion. Ránquil was the largest rural revolt in Chile's history. The author fleshes out the roles of the Sindicato Agrícola [End Page 231] Lonquimay, the Democratic Party and the Chilean Communist Party, and wealthy landowning families such as the Puelmas and Bunsters, as well as key peasant leaders such as Juan Segundo Leiva Tapia. Klubock shows that many of the peasants who participated in the rebellion were "disappeared" and murdered, previewing the savage repression to come forty years later under the Pinochet dictatorship. The book leads with an excellent introduction that presents the author's key conceptual observations. "Ránquil is a reminder that political violence and state terror have a long history in Chile," he notes, and continuing movements against inequality "are rooted in the repression of campesinos' recurrent struggles to build a more free and just society" (25). Many of the activists involved—Klubock details the role of indigenous Pehuenche and female campesinos as well as that of male unionists and peasants—sought to initiate a socialist revolution. One of Klubock's major points is that the rebellion was not exceptional or unusual but was rather "the most visible and pronounced clash in a long history of conflicts" in the region (2). Peasants had contested the property rights and deceitful maneuvers of wealthy owners since the nineteenth century. Another important observation is that the peasant movement was revolutionary, aiming to install a socialist transformation. The peasants of Bío Bío were "moving from a pragmatic strategy of working through the legal system and petitioning authorities in Santiago to revolutionary insurrection" (3), writes Klubock. This dimension of the struggle has often been lost in historical treatments of the conflict, Klubock notes; he gathers "considerable evidence that a number of the Sindicato Agrícola Lonquimay leaders were aligned with the Communist Party and articulated its ideological discourse" (12). The author highlights two parallel and opposing tendencies in Chile's history. On the one hand, dissident movements have appealed to the law and to the state to resolve conflicts, and at times the state has responded with reforms and upheld justice and rights. On the other, the state has regularly resorted to repression and violence and narrowed democratic rights to crush challenges and preserve the social order (13). Surprisingly, in his first presidential term, army general Carlos Ibáñez del Campo, who served twice as president, tried to institute reforms to break up large estates in the south and extend labor rights to those who worked the land (87–90). Many campesinos regarded him as an ally in their struggles against the oligarchic families that dominated the region. [End Page 232] Klubock argues that the Ránquil rebellion, when not forgotten by historians, has been categorized as a spontaneous uprising and not part of an organized collective movement. This "impedes a serious historical engagement with [peasants'] political consciousness," he asserts (17–18). Another of his arguments, which I found less persuasive, is that pardons and historical oblivion regarding massacres and repression by state security forces permitted "national reconciliation, functioning as a precondition for Chilean democracy and the legitimacy of the state" (21) as well as the development of a stable multiparty system. But while Chile was stable for long periods, stability is not the same as democracy. There is substantial literature on the long-term consequences of impunity that challenges his assertion that olvido is a necessary precondition for democracy. Similarly, the assumption that impunity and amnesia enhanced the legitimacy of the state is open to question. Chile's unresolved...

Новая книга об истории индивидуального политического террора в годы Гражданской войны в России

This article analyses the modern historiography of individual political terror in Russia during the Civil War in 1918. The role and significance of the terrorist acts of the summer of 1918 for the formation of Soviet penal policy are emphasized. There is a long historiographical tradition concerning these topics, which is based, on the one hand, on the traditional Soviet version, originating in the famous 1922 trial of the leaders of the Socialist Revolutionary Party, and, on the other hand, on alternative interpretations that were, at some point, presented in émigré and foreign historical literature. The focus of attention is the work of the famous Russian historian, Honoured Professor of Kazan University A.L. Litvin, who studies the assassination attempts on Vladimir Lenin in 1918. In addition, the paper touches upon various aspects related to the assassinations of V. Volodarsky and M.S. Uritsky. The authors examine the works of historian K.N. Morozov devoted to various aspects of the 1918 assassination attempts and the role of B.V. Savinkov and F. Kaplan in them. The publications of I.S. Ratkovsky and A.V. Shubin are noted. It is concluded that modern historical literature contains various assessments of those events: the assassins had personal but no direct political motives (A.L. Litvin); B.V. Savinkov’s organization was linked to the terrorist acts against V.I. Lenin and M. Uritsky in 1918 (K.N. Morozov). In addition, the article studies sources that have recently been introduced into scholarly discourse; it is noted that the current level of knowledge is insufficient for scholars to make final conclusions and thus calls for further research.

PENGAMBILAN KEBIJAKAN RASIONAL OLEH PEMERINTAH TINGKOK TERHADAP ETNIS UIGHUR DI XINJIANG 2014 - 2019

In 2014 an act of terror shocked Chinese citizen. After investigation, it was found that this crime was committed by few Uighurs’ descendants. This situation had made China strengthened its national security by implementing Strike Hard Against Extremist Terrorism and Reeducation Policies in Xinjiang which predominantly inhabited by Uighurs. At first both policies were directed to maintain Chinese national security, but the aim shifted when China launched One Belt One Road program and fortifying it control in Xinjiang in order to maximize economic beneficial. This research use literature review as data gathering technic complemented by Decision Making Theory and National Security Concept to explain the reason of Chinese Government policy toward the Uighurs. The act of terror in 2014 who committed by few Uighurs’ triggered President Xi Jinping to focusing in security sector in order to maintain national stability. Decision to enforce Strike Hard Against Extremist Terrorism and Reeducation Policies at first intended to maintain security and educate the people shifted as One Belt Road commenced. Chinese government sacrifices Uighurs in order to maximize national economic benefits.

Between paradise and prison: External secrecy and visibility in terrorist organisations

AbstractThe secret is essential for terrorists. Aware of their position of political and military inferiority towards their adversary, terrorists typically have no choice but to operate clandestinely, emerging from the shadows to carry out acts of violence in order to attract attention. However, the social organisation of the secret has not been the subject of a thorough reflection in the literature on political terrorism. Following Simmel's classic investigation into secrecy and secret societies, this article intends to shed light on “external secrecy”, understood as the social practice of intentionally hiding information and knowledge from external actors that do not belong to the terrorist organisation. The paper explores how external secrecy takes the form of a sort of barrier system that can be crossed by individuals and can be built and removed by organisations. It also examines how external security in terrorist organisations can produce both opportunities for deliberate deception and risks of undesired manipulation by external actors. Finally, the article focuses on the inherent trade‐off between the need for external secrecy and the quest for visibility in terrorist organisations. Overall, this discussion suggests the opportunity to develop a research programme on the management of secrecy in terrorism.

Impaired, “easy prey” saved by the she-empowering state: official narratives of “Xinjiang women” in China’s “People’s War on Terror”

ABSTRACT Feminist approaches to international security have revealed persistent gendered stereotypes in the construction of women in contexts of political violence and terrorism, including the Global War on Terror. Acknowledging the parallelism with the United States-led enterprise in its endeavor to “save” a female population and re-posing one of the most significant questions in gender-informed security studies, this article asks “Where are the women in China’s ‘People’s War on Terror’ (PWoT)?” It takes the idea of agency as pivotal in answering this question and investigates how the Chinese state has (im)mobilized, through concealment or deployment, the idea of and potential for agency when positioning Uyghur and other Turkic Muslim women in Xinjiang as specific subjects in the context of the PWoT. The article reveals the establishment of a gendered hierarchy of power in the Chinese counterterrorism playbook, one that fixes “Xinjiang women” as securitized and passive victims in need of rescuing by a state that continues to suppress their agency, despite official claims to the contrary.

PENGAMBILAN KEBIJAKAN RASIONAL OLEH PEMERINTAH TINGKOK TERHADAP ETNIS UIGHUR DI XINJIANG 2014 - 2019

In 2014 an act of terror shocked Chinese citizen. After investigation, it was found that this crime was committed by few Uighurs’ descendants. This situation had made China strengthened its national security by implementing Strike Hard Against Extremist Terrorism and Reeducation Policies in Xinjiang which predominantly inhabited by Uighurs. At first both policies were directed to maintain Chinese national security, but the aim shifted when China launched One Belt One Road program and fortifying it control in Xinjiang in order to maximize economic beneficial. This research use literature review as data gathering technic complemented by Decision Making Theory and National Security Concept to explain the reason of Chinese Government policy toward the Uighurs. The act of terror in 2014 who committed by few Uighurs’ triggered President Xi Jinping to focusing in security sector in order to maintain national stability. Decision to enforce Strike Hard Against Extremist Terrorism and Reeducation Policies at first intended to maintain security and educate the people shifted as One Belt Road commenced. Chinese government sacrifices Uighurs in order to maximize national economic benefits.

“The Patient but Deadly Struggle”: Decomposition and the Danger of Catastrophic Terrorism as a Method of Political Warfare against the State of Israel

This article describes “decomposition” as a tactic of political warfare against the State of Israel. According to Stefan T. Possony, a recognized authority on Cold War strategy, the purpose of decomposition is to weaken an enemy by undermining the “integrating elements of society,” which, in a democracy, are fearlessness and resoluteness. Several means of weakening a society are: exploiting social cleavages and encouraging defeatism, thus making it vulnerable to a military attack. Decomposition as a tactic of warfare has its roots in Asian traditions. Members of the General Staff of Imperial Russia studied the methods of Genghis Khan and Tamerlane and, over time, the lessons of this research became part of the doctrine of the Red Army and its modern successors. There are clear indications that the methods of decomposition and the culture of defeatism have found support in contemporary Israeli society. During the domestic crisis of 2023, the opponents of the legally elected government endeavored to undermine its legitimacy at home and abroad, as well as its defense system which depends on the voluntary mobilization of reserves. Broadcasting a message of weakness and vulnerability is dangerous because it may be interpreted as an invitation for an aggressor. Under such circumstances, Hamas invaded the Western Negev and carried out a barbaric massacre on October 7, 2023. This act of Catastrophic Terror was a transforming event. In 1998, members of the team who identified and described the dangers of Catastrophic Terror anticipated the attack on the World Trade Center which took place on September 11, 2001. One of its consequences was the publication of the 9/11 Commission Report. The mandate of this commission was to investigate the “facts and circumstances relating to the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001.” This elegant division of the subject could serve as a model for Israel. The present study deals mainly with the circumstances and the domestic political controversy which preceded the events of October 7, 2023. Gathering and studying the actual facts is a task for future researchers. It is clear that the members of the 9/11 Commission knew that they were dealing with a deadly new threat and described it accurately in the preface to their report: We learned about an enemy who is sophisticated, patient, disciplined, and lethal. The enemy rallies broad support in the Arab and Muslim world by demanding redress of political grievances, but its hostility toward us and our values is limitless. Its purpose is to rid the world of religious and political pluralism, the plebiscite, and equal rights for women. It makes no distinction between military and civilian targets. Collateral damage is not in its lexicon. This observation applies to present-day Israel and the free world.

Scientific and pedagogical activity of Nikolai Rosenthal in the conditions of political restrictions and terror in the USSR

Scientific and pedagogical activity of Nikolai Rosenthal in the conditions of political restrictions and terror in the USSR

INVESTMENT AND ECONOMIC GROWTH NEXUS IN NIGERIA: A MODERATION ANALYSIS OF SECURITY THREATS

This study assessed the moderating effects of security threats on investment-economic growth nexus in Nigeria from 1986 to 2021 using the Vector Error Correction Model approach. Domestic investment and FDI were found to have a positive impact on Nigeria's long-term economic growth. The study also found that security threats have a strong negative effect on economic growth in Nigeria, and that the presence of security threats significantly reduced the positive influence of investment on economic growth in Nigeria. Thus, the marginal effects of investment when there are security threats in Nigeria was worsened. The study therefore emphasized that security threats significantly hinder the positive contributions of domestic and foreign investments to economic growth, especially foreign direct investment. Therefore, the study recommends that Nigerian government should enhance security measures to combat political instability, terrorism, and social unrest in order to create a more favourable business environment and encourage both domestic and foreign investment

God and Gods in the Deuteronomistic History ed. by Corrine Carvalho and John L. Mclaughlin

Reviewed by: God and Gods in the Deuteronomistic History ed. by Corrine Carvalho and John L. Mclaughlin Mark Lackowski corrine carvalho and john l. mclaughlin (eds.), God and Gods in the Deuteronomistic History (CBQI 2; Washington, DC: Catholic Biblical Association of America, 2021). Pp xxiii + 277. Paper $39.99. This collection of essays came out of the Divinity in Ancient Israel Continuing Seminar at the annual meeting of the Catholic Biblical Association. Over a period of four years, the scholars who participated and published the essays in this volume examined the Deuteronomistic History (DH). Across the introduction and twelve different essays, attention is given to each book in the DH, providing a rich variety of texts to explore. Indeed, the literary diversity in the DH is reflected in its different portrayals of divinity, something even seen in the title of the book, which uses the words “God” and “Gods.” After an introduction [End Page 175] that provides a clear and concise overview of past and present scholarship on the DH and the central arguments of the different authors in the volume, the essays are organized canonically, followed by useful indexes of ancient sources, modern authors, and relevant subjects. The opening essay by Thomas B. Dozeman (“‘El, the Living’: Divinity and Holy War in the Book of Joshua,” pp. 1–29) uses diachronic exegesis to offer a synchronic reading of the final form(s) of Joshua, which he argues combined Deuteronomistic and Priestly themes to create a unique revelation of Israel’s God during the postexilic period. Dozeman shows how the controversial holy war stories in Joshua marked by “the ban” (ḥērem) are the combination of cultic features from Priestly texts and warlike features from Deuteronomistic texts into a unique revelation of “El, the Living” (Josh 3:10), who “demands ritualized genocide as the highest form of religious obedience in taking possession of the promised land” (p. 29). The essay by Corrine Carvalho (“Yhwh, Rahab, and Gibeonites: The Hybrid Other in the Book of Joshua,” pp. 30–48) challenges scholars who excuse the violent actions of Yhwh toward the Canaanites by appealing to the seemingly positive portrayals of Rahab and the Gibeonites. Rather than interpret Yhwh’s mercy toward Rahab and the Gibeonites as a divine characteristic that overcomes the merciless action of the ḥērem, Carvalho argues that it most likely reflects the postexilic author’s belief that faithful obedience by the colonized (e.g., Judahites) can result in positive treatment by the colonizer (e.g., Persians). Thus, she demonstrates how “the narrator cannot manage to tamper with the ideology of obedience to the colonizer” (p. 48). Mahri Leonard-Fleckman’s essay (“Binding Samson to Yhwh: From Disorder to Order in the Samson Cycle,” pp. 49–68) focuses on the compositional history of the Samson stories and argues how it is reflected in the complex social landscape of the Shephelah, where the stories are set. According to Leonard-Fleckman, the Samson stories are marked by blurred lines of identity, reminiscent of a preexilic reality where even the deities are not clearly delineated. However, with the addition of Samson’s death in the temple of Dagon, Deuteronomistic scribes made it clear that the “final act of terror against the Philistines and their god, with the questionable help of Yhwh, leaves the reader with the unmistakable impression that Samson belongs to Israel” (p. 65). Mark Smith (“Retrospective Deities in Judges: Memory and Amnesia about ‘Other Gods,’” pp. 69–103) uses the compositional history of Judges to highlight traces of a polytheistic past. According to the Deuteronomists, the Israelites who follow other Gods and disobey Yhwh are given into the hands of their enemies. Nevertheless, this happens repeatedly and with increasing severity from one tribe and judge to the next, reflecting a form of cultural amnesia by scribes describing cultic contexts and foreign Gods centuries after those represented in the text. The religious reforms of the Deuteronomists in Judah from the seventh century b.c.e. onward are superimposed then on an ancient Israelite past marked by cultic pluriformity and what Smith calls “retrospective deities.” Mark Enemali (“Divine Presence in the Ark of the Covenant in 1 Samuel 4:1b–7:1,” pp. 104...

Ambiguous loss of home: Syrian refugees and the process of losing and remaking home

This constructivist-interpretive study examines social-relational dimensions of change and loss following experiences of political terror, war and forced migration from the perspective of Syrian refugee men and women who were presently living in Jordan (n=31). A process model derived from the analysis theorizes four dimensions of ambiguous loss (safety and security, social connections and identities, connection to place, and dreams and imagined future) and to capture the cyclical process of losing and remaking a sense of home in displacement. Our findings underscore a more complex set of processes that remain outside the array of supports and services provided by many current practices and policies with displaced populations generally, and Syrian refugees specifically. Thus, the findings highlight the need for ecological, integrative policies, interventions and services that support refugees’ attempts to remake the multifaceted and stable phenomenon that is home as they transition into new communities.

Protocols of extra-judicial instances as a source for the study of mass operations of 1937-1938 in the Kazakh SSR

This article characterizes such a massive source for the study of the Great Terror as an extrajudicial decision. During the period 1937–1938. The NKVD authorities carried out repression in three main areas, which included the “kulak” operation, a series of “national” punitive actions, as well as prosecutions against violators of the passport regime, criminal and declassed elements. Endowed with extrajudicial powers, the security officers independently sentenced those arrested to various penalties, including the death penalty. Extrajudicial bodies (“kulak”, police, Special troika, Special meeting under the NKVD of the USSR, Commission of the NKVD and the Prosecutor of the USSR), created to pronounce and approve sentences, recorded their repressive decisions. Until now, access to these types of sources is difficult, but they contain rich material for the study of mass operations. The researchers of this article managed to collect decisions of extrajudicial instances in the Kazakh SSR, deposited in Russian and Kazakh archives. Using their example, a description is given of each type of extrajudicial protocols that functioned during the years of the Great Terror. It is concluded that this type of sources is important material for the study of political terror, since detailed data processing allows us to draw conclusions about the scale of repression, target categories, mechanisms of implementation, both at the regional and union levels, and territorial features of persecution.

Archival evidence as a source of memory representation on the history of political repressions

Historical memory as a way of storing and broadcasting past events, being an integral part of human culture, determines many interdisciplinary research approaches. The authors focused on the history of political repressions that left the deepest imprint in the public consciousness of the Kazakh community. Despite the fact that the historiography of the proposed topic has fundamental works, serious scientific publications, new discoveries and interesting results, not all sources of the history of political repressions have become the object of scientific research. The presented author's research for the first time introduces into scientific circulation fragments of the archival evidence of S. Baibulin’s case, a native of Kazakhstan, who was arrested in the city of Kyiv in 1937, convicted by the Special Council and repressed by the NKVD of the Ukrainian SSR. The case of S. Baibulin was deposited in the archives of the Security Service of Ukraine (SBU). The authors presented a source study analysis of the archival evidence, demonstrated the possibilities and methods of extracting information in order to form the framework / frame of the personal memory of the victim of political repressions. The uniqueness of the scientific content of the article lies in the opportunity to get acquainted with the structure of the archival evidence, as a source of memory representation on the history of political repressions in the focus of the presented ego-documents. Such a representation of memory can be considered as the practice of public commemoration of the victim, whose personal data remained only in a single source - an archival evidence. The authors’ goal was restoring historical justice for the victim of political terror, despite the presence of rehabilitation in accordance with the Law of the Ukrainian SSR "On the rehabilitation of victims of political repression in Ukraine" dated April 17, 1991, S. Baibulin, as a repressed person, does not appear in the camp lists of Belomor-Baltic Forced Labor Camp where he served time, and his data are not included in the lists of those rehabilitated, neither in Ukraine, nor in Kazakhstan.

Rehabilitation of Political Terror Victims in the USSR and Russian Federation

Rehabilitation of Political Terror Victims in the USSR and Russian Federation