Issue Of Terrorism Research Articles

Prawna płaszczyzna zwalczania terroryzmu w Polsce

This article addresses the issue of terrorism and its counteraction in Polish legislation. Its aim is to demonstrate how Polish law is prepared to prevent terrorist incidents and which agencies and authorities are responsible for these actions. The article applies the method of institutional-legal analysis. Based on it, conclusions can be drawn that Polish legislation is relatively well-prepared to combat terrorism.

ENHANCING EU'S RESILIENCE AGAINST TERRORISM: A LEGAL APPROACH

The growth in amplitude and frequency of the terrorist phenomenon at both the European and international levels, in the past years, makes terrorism one of the most significant challenges for European Union's security. Given EU's international ambitions of a significant actor in the field of security (European External Action Service, 2016), this paper approaches EU's responses to terrorism, from a legal point of view. Arguing in favour of the legal instruments as the most appropriate tools to counter the terrorist phenomenon, the aim of this research is to analyse if and how Europe can become more resilient against the terrorist threat, by resorting to legal means. Specifically, the paper seeks to explore how the regulation of the crime of terrorism in international law might foster the resilience of the EU in an increasingly challenging international context. Addressing the issue of terrorism is of high importance taking into consideration the current international context, when Europe is facing again a war and the terrorist offences have significantly increased along with the conflict in Ukraine that started in February 2022 (Institute for Economics & Peace, 2022).

The Impact of International Diplomacy on Combating Global Terrorism

Insecurity had defined the global arena with insurgency and terrorism increasing by leaps and bounds. Therefore, defining terrorism as a discrete international crime under the purview of international law normatively recognizes and protects vital international community values and interests. The issue of terrorism symbolically expresses community condemnation, and stigmatizes offenders. In proper analysis context the paper opines that any definition of terrorism also accommodates reasonable claims to political violence, particularly against repressive governments, and this paper examines the range of exceptions, justifications, excuses, defenses, and amnesties potentially available to terrorists, as well as purported exceptions such as self-determination struggles. The paper further seeks to minimize recourse to violence, it recognizes that international law should not become complicit in oppression by criminalizing legitimate forms of political resistance and instead diplomacy can be applied in such scenario. In the absence of an international generally accepted definition of terrorism, the paper explores how the international community has responded to terrorism in international and ‘regional’ treaties, the United Nations system, and in customary law which has proof that diplomacy is a vital instrument in the global combat of terrorism. The conclusion of the paper explores the distinctive prohibitions and crime of ‘terrorism’ in armed conflict under international humanitarian law.

Konten Isu Terorisme di Media Sosial dan Ketakutan Anggota Kepolisian

Terrorism and radicalism as crimes are quite dangerous because they threaten security, property and life. The claim that terrorism and radicalism makes fear was tested in this research. The theoretical study of this research is the Social Information Processing theory and the Uses and Gratifications theory. The research method used is quantitative data processing with the independent variable internet network information content and the dependent variable is the fear and moral panic police officer (Indonesian Nasional Police). Survey research was conducted at the Surakarta Police (Polresta Surakarta) with 100 respondents as police officers. Research using simple linear regression model statistical data. The research findings show that there is no influence of internet network information content on issues of terrorism and radicalism on feelings of fear and panic among police officer. If there is a very small possibility, only 25.6%. The use of information technology by Police officer in the field is sufficient and sufficient to anticipate cases of terrorism and radicalism. The most powerful element seen by police officers regarding terrorism and radicalism is the narrative of the information presented which often does not make sense in the minds and thoughts of the police in the field.

Культурологический аспект изучения проблемы международного терроризма

The article touches upon the issue of international terrorism from culturological point of view. Such an ap-proach allows us to understand the specificity of ethnic mentality, trace the origins and causes of terrorist moti-vation. One of the most important factors that turned terrorism into a problem, the author considers globaliza-tion. Globalization has allowed terrorists to commit crimes in almost any part of the globe. The article empha-sizes the cultural motives of terrorism, particularly the “native-alien” opposition. The cultural motivations for ter-rorism lie in the realm of cultural differences. For terrorists, only the life of their fellow tribesman or like-minded person is valuable. The life of the “alien” is of no significance, and his death causes no remorse or regret. Closely related to cultural motives are religious ones. As a result of the analysis, it is concluded that terrorism is based on political, ideological and religious issues, which, in turn, are of an economic and cultural nature.

Understanding the rise of Indonesian Foreign Terrorist Fighter

The issue of terrorism in Indonesia has escalated from causing problems in its home country to other countries. These new groups of terrorists are called Foreign Terrorist Fighters (FTFs). The qualitative method used in this paper to analyse the emergence of Indonesian FTFs to Syria to fight alongside the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) by using the theoretical framework of Political Economy Analysis (PEA), Market Analysis (MA), and Theory of Change. By using PEA, it could be argued that at the macro, sectoral, and micro levels, the emergence of Indonesian FTFs is inevitable. The use of MA also supports the emergence of Indonesian FTFs and how to intervene in them. Finally, this paper argued the theory of change to stop the flow of Indonesian FTFs, namely deterrence for supporters of Indonesian FTFs, communicate effectively with people influenced by terrorist doctrine, and change the culture by redefining the concept of jihad and applying it to the current Islamic education curriculum. Despite the fact that Indonesian FTFs to Syria have ceased since the defeat of ISIS, this paper argues that PEA, MA, and the Theory of Change can be used to analyse the future movement of Indonesian FTFs and to take preventative measures against it.

Insights from Evidence-Based Medicine Method for Building Security Systems Against Terrorist Attacks in Hospitals.

Hospitals have become soft targets for terrorism, with increasing terrorist attacks observed in the last two decades. Not only the counter-terrorism and law enforcement agencies but the hospitals also need to be actively involved and undertake the responsibility of safeguarding hospital security by establishing an effective security system. Evidence-based medicine emphasizes the significance of scientific evidence, and in practice, research methods for the generation, collection, and utilization of evidence may offer new insights to overcome the issue of terrorism. The present study discusses the potential application of methods in evidence-based medicine for developing security systems against terrorist attacks in hospitals. First, hospitals can use simulated scenarios of terrorist attacks to generate evidence. For example, combining virtual technology with virtual reality technology and selecting appropriate algorithms or models to generate evidence. Second, they can apply tabletop exercises to propose measures, as a means of collecting evidence. The collection of data can be obtained through questionnaires or interviews. Some biological methods, such as collecting salivary markers of acute stress (α-amylase and secretory immunoglobulin A), can also be used to assess emotional states. Third, they can use the collected evidence to practically test and refine the implemented measures. To verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the formulated solutions in real-life scenarios, simulations, models, drills, and similar methods can be used. This approach may provide new perspectives for the development of hospital security systems.

Concept of Terrorism in International Relations

Terrorism is already recognized as a main threat to the international system in the XXI century, rightly compared with the Cold War problem in the 20th century. After the notorious 9/11 events, the issue of terrorism has prevailed over such serious problems as proliferation, organized crime, etc. Thus study of terrorism is increasingly becoming one of the most challenging activities. Terrorism is an extremely complicated phenomenon, making its study quite difficult. The scholars need to count with a variety of details, often leading them to confusion. Thus a number of directions for study of terrorism had been singled out, including definition of the concept itself; history of terrorism; theoretical explanation of terrorism; and finally-the various forms of terrorism.

PERSUASIVE COMMUNICATION OF THE #BUBARKANMUI MOVEMENT

The campaign narrative for the dissolution of the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) invited many comments from netizens on social media to develop into a digital social movement to urge the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) to be dissolved because one of its members was arrested by the police regarding the issue of terrorism. This news had become a trending topic on Twitter and threatened the existence of MUI as a forum for Islamic community organizations in Indonesia. To analyze these problems, researchers used the Network Society theory with a quantitative approach and the Social Network Analysis (SNA) method to analyze it. This study aims to analyze actors’ conversations in voicing new social movements through the #BubaranMUI hashtag. Through the spread of a communication network on the hashtag #BubarkanMUI, it was found to be an effort of a digital social movement that was echoed by political actors through a single Twitter account as well as building fake accounts as alter egos for intermediaries and network close relations to spread negative comments about MUI and spread communication networks as a public call through media atwitter and gain support from Twitter users to disband the MUI.

Diachrony of the new political terrorism. Neologisms as discursive framing in Swedish parliamentary data 1971–2018


 
 
 This paper begins to unpack the framing of terrorism in the Swedish Parliament through distant reading and by chronologically extracting neologisms in a comprehensive corpus of transcripts of parliamentary debates. Combining language technology and historical contextualization, we find support for the argument that the term ‘terrorism’ gained much of its modern meaning around 1970. Specifically, our study points to a legislative framing of the issue of terrorism in Swedish parliamentary debate from the early 1970s and onwards. We also find a proliferation in the production of neologisms and compounds after 9/11 2001, reflecting, among other things, the rise of a more distinct counter-terrorism discourse and more ‘specialized’ roles and functions related to terrorism and counter-terrorism activities. The paper concludes by emphasizing the analytical benefits of tracing parliamentary discourse through neologisms as an explorative approach to identify significant patterns for further investigation.
 
 

The Framing of the Terrorist Threat in Health Contingency: Implications for Response

Terrorist attacks threaten the security of states and individuals, and often spur widespread state responses once they have occurred. Recent research has focused on health contingency in relation to terrorism and unveiled divergence in terms of how European countries approach this task. To understand more about this divergence, it is relevant to investigate how states define the issue of terrorism in contingency policies. The current study utilized theories of framing as part of policymaking and document analysis with a thematic analysis approach, to scrutinize to what extent terrorism was framed as a security issue in health contingency in relation to terrorist attacks in Norway and France, and how this affected policy outcomes. The analysis unveiled that a securitized frame was not prominent in the Norwegian approach to health contingency. In the French material, however, terrorism was described as a threat to national security. Second, terrorism response within the healthcare field was described as a form of “nonmilitary defense,” clearly positioning the healthcare system in the response to this national security threat. The framing of terrorism in policy documents was linked to diverging policy responses in the two countries. The most distinct difference is that victims of terrorism hold particular rights in France, but not in Norway. This entails that in France, the definition of terrorism, and whether specific events are defined as terrorism or not, in part become decisive for the help received.

Empowering women for reducing radicalization in Indonesia

The purpose of this research is to investigate the possibilities of localised female empowerment as a factor supporting deradicalization in Indonesia. Researchers look into the possibilities for deradicalization through localised empowerment of women using descriptive qualitative research methods. Descriptive research means collecting all data related to incidents or situations aligned with the study's theme. That is, by reading and analysing literature sources from regional journals, international articles, and online news sources that discuss women's participation in terrorist acts, women's empowerment in preventing terrorism initiatives, and existing attempts to eradicate terrorism in Indonesia. Using the data or information that has been found, researchers may use the grounded theory technique to explain the causes of a phenomenon, identify its causes and effects, and decide what actions can be implemented in regard to the current situation. The use of localised women's empowerment is thought to have the potential to be an preventative action against the issue of terrorism. Women may be incredibly motivating role models. Women are capable of doing this in the smallest scope, which is the family. Women are able to educate their children and families, provide the concept of tolerance, and spread the love of peace. That is why it is needed to strengthen the laws that may regulate existence of efforts to create deradicalization in local level by involving women in it.

ОТНОШЕНИЯ ТУРЦИИ И СИРИИ В ПЕРИОД ХОЛОДНОЙ ВОЙНЫ И ПОСЛЕ ХОЛОДНОЙ ВОЙНЫ

Syria and Türkiye are two neighboring countries have various cultural and historical ties and even relatives. These ties were formed from the 16th century, when the Ottoman Empire conquered its territory, to the 20th century, when the empire broke up. These ties between Syria, which became independent towards the middle of the 20th century, and its neighbor Türkiye were not enough to prevent some problems. While relations with the Hatay Problem were seriously strained, the water problem made everything worse. The biggest tension between the two countries is related to terrorism that Türkiye has been dealing with for several decades. Because of this problem, the two states had come to a point where they were almost at war with each other. Despite everything, thanks to diplomacy, the problems were overcome and an atmosphere of peace that would last at least a few years was ensured. However, with the events of the early 2010s, it was returned to the beginning. For more than 10 years, relations between the two states are worse than ever, there are no diplomatic relations. Perhaps better relations will not be established in the medium term due to massive refugee flows and military operations. In this article, the relations between Syria and Türkiye, especially in the conditions of the Cold War and after, is examined. Particularly, the water problem, the terrorism issue, the potential clash being replaced by peace at the end of the 1990s, the Arab Spring and its aftermath period are analyzed in detail to understand this complex relation. The Arab Spring, on the other hand, is emphasized in more detail than the others, as it directly concerns our day. Regarding the Arab Spring, attention is drawn to the following three questions: What is Türkiye's perspective on events from past to present, has there been a change in Turkish foreign policy over the years, how are Türkiye-Syria relations affected by the latest developments?

Legal and Political Implications of Designating the Free Papua Movement as a Terrorist Organization

This article examines what the legal and political implications are of the recent Indonesian government’s decision of designating the Free Papua Movement (OPM) as a terrorist organization. For that purpose, armed separatism in West Papua will be explained and then followed by an elaboration of the threat of terrorism in Indonesia and a discussion of the labelling of OPM as a terrorist organization. The terrorist designation of the OPM will apply the Indonesian anti-terrorism law that gives longer pre-trial detention power to the Police and the possibility of placing OPM on the terrorist list. The Indonesian government seems to gain political support from the Muslim community that has criticized the government for using the terrorism issue against Islam only before the designation was announced. The method and approaches used in this work are grounded in descriptive as well as normative judicial analysis.

Exploring Eastern Africa's Landscape: A Scoping Study on an Independent Civil Society-UN Counter-Terrorism Engagement Mechanism

This paper presents a scoping study conducted to examine the landscape of Eastern Africa in relation to an independent Civil Society-UN Counter-Terrorism Engagement Mechanism. The study aimed at gaining insights into the region's dynamics, challenges, and opportunities concerning counter-terrorism efforts involving civil society organizations (CSOs) in the region and the United Nations (UN). By adopting a comprehensive desktop review approach, the study analyzed existing literature, reports, documents, and other relevant materials. The findings highlight the significance of collaboration between CSOs and the UN in addressing the complex issues of terrorism and violent extremism in the region. The study also sheds light on the potential roles, strategies, and areas of engagement for an independent mechanism, emphasizing the importance of inclusivity, cooperation, and effective coordination. Based on the findings, this study recommends that it is important to foster partnerships, enhance information sharing, facilitate capacity building, promote dialogue and reconciliation, and ensure sustainable funding and support for CSOs-UN collaboration in CT/PCVE efforts.

The Impact of Non-Violent Muslim Extremism: Reflections on Indonesia and Malaysia

Numerous pieces of research have addressed the issue of terrorism and radicalism in Southeast Asia, and security studies are inundated with works covering its origin, function, and impact. However, this article argues that equal attention should be given to non-violent extremism and its impact on societies at the discursive level. By examining case studies from Indonesia and Malaysia, two Muslim-majority nations, this article contends that the question is not whether non-violent extremism directly or indirectly leads to terrorism, but how it can also shape policies and regulations through lobbying, trigger mass political mobilization, and nurture intolerance and hatred towards minority groups.

Implications of Peace Education in Fighting Terrorism Issues at the Al-Iryad Islamic Boarding Schools

The accusation of Islamic boarding schools as hotbeds of terrorism is still a phenomenal issue. This is contrary to the values of Islamic boarding schools which uphold peace. This study aims to narrate the implications of peace education in Islamic boarding schools in responding to the issue of terrorism. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation studies to be analyzed using Miles and Huberman's model. This research shows: (1) Teaching materials (textbooks) and Al-Irsyad Islamic Boarding School regulations direct students to an ideology that is highly anti-terrorism, this data is taken from the description of the responses that researchers see from the side of perception with convincing statements that peace is a nature that must be attempted, either with a theological or rational approach. This response was strengthened by the views of the management and students who stated that peace is a common property so that all acts of terrorism are not part of Jihad. (2) Santri's response to terrorism has implications for strengthening social solidarity, building tasamuh attitudes, establishing mutual assistance, being fair and wise, and understanding diversity. The second result contributes to fighting accusations of Islamic boarding schools as hotbeds of terrorism, while simultaneously confirming that peace education in Islamic boarding schools can be used as a model for public schools in fighting terrorism issues.

Bibliometric analysis of publications trends on the terrorism issues in Indonesia

Introduction. The issue of terrorism in Indonesia has been a challenge around the world, particularly in a country with the world's largest Muslim population. This study aims to evaluate the trend of publications on the issue of terrorism in Indonesia in the period starting from 1980 to 2022 through a bibliometric analysis.
 Data Collection Methods. Data were obtained from the Scopus database using the keywords "terrorism", "terrorist", "terror", and "Indonesia".
 Data Analysis. The VOSviewer data visualization was used as a data analysis tool to show the trends in publications on terrorism issues in Indonesia.
 Results and Discussion. The publication trend on terrorism in Indonesia significantly increased, with distribution countries dominated by Indonesia including authors, affiliates, and sponsors. In addition, publications on the issue of terrorism in Indonesia were widely written in journal articles, particularly in the field of social sciences.
 Conclusion. The issue of terrorism in Indonesia is dynamic. This research may be used to update the understanding of current terrorism issues in Indonesia, particularly from bibliometric analysis.

AKAR TEOLOGI-POLITIK GERAKAN RADIKALISME ISLAM DAN TERORISME DI INDONESIA

The issue of Islamic radicalism and terrorism in Indonesia in the last three decades has become a very serious problem. Not only in Indonesia, the phenomenon of terrorism in the Islamic world appears as an expression of the political movement of some Muslims who make use of Islamic doctrines, political attitudes and political movements that tend to be radical and extremist. By utilizing qualitative research procedures and data collection techniques through library research, this article draws several conclusions. First, international radicalism network named Al-Qaedah and Al-Jama’ah Al-Islamiyyah have influence over terrorist network in Indonesia and other Islamic worlds. The actors are alumni of the Afghan war and a network that been fostered since the 1970s through Al-Jamaah Al-Islamiyyah. Second, contemporary Islamic radicalism and terrorism movements in Indonesia have ideological-political connections with transnational Islamic movements and ISIS in two orientations namely the khilafah and the Islamic daulah. Third, in the socio-political area, a literalist understanding of the texts to fundamentalism. Finally, Islam often becomes a political commodity. Islamic doctrine often become tools to gain power of conversely also become tools to fight against power. This article recommends that the Indonesian government support moderate Islamic movements as counter-radicalism and terrorism measure.

INDONESIA DALAM MENGHADAPI PERBATASAN LAUT (PERSPEKTIF ILMU SOSIAL)

Indonesian is located in the equatorial region,between the continents of Asia and Australia which exclusively connects the economies of developed countries. In addition, Indonesia is also located between 2 oceans, namely the Pacific and the Indian Ocean, which makes a connecting area between countries in East Asia and Southeast Asia and South Asia. The purpose of this study is to find out: (1) problems and problems solving regarding the emergence of maritime terrorism issues from a social science perspective. (2) problems and solutions to Indonesia’s problems in realizing the vision of the world’s maritime axis from a social science perspective.This study uses defense theory from Brigadier General (Purn) Makmur Supriyanto in his book “About Defense Science” and sea power theory from Alfred Thayer Mahan using secondary data, data collection techniques through library research and qualitative data analysis to reach conclusions. Based on the result of the research, it shows that since the collapse of the WTC building in September 2011 and the Bali bombing, Indonesia has provided information on terrorism and activelty participated in the war on terror policy proclaimed by the United States. From a social science perspective, Indonesia can minimize the emergence of maritime terrorism issues using defense theory. The main idea of the vision of the world maritime axis is to develop maritime characteristics and emphasize the “archipelagic book” namely the insight that Indonesian waters are an economic potential and national strength. From a social science perspective, Indonesia can realize the vision of the world’s maritime axis by using the sea power theory. From the two problems described above, we can solve both using the concept of maritime security.