Terrorism In Indonesia Research Articles

The Terrorist Experiences: Capturing Deradicalization and Counterterrorism in Indonesia

This paper aims to delve into the nuanced and multifaceted realm of terrorism in Indonesia, focusing specifically on understanding the experiences of terrorists themselves, and the subsequent processes of deradicalization and counterterrorism within the country. Through a combination of qualitative research methods, including interviews, case studies, and analysis of extremist narratives, this study seeks to shed light on the motivations, pathways, and challenges associated with terrorism and its aftermath in Indonesia. The research will explore the ideological foundations of terrorism, examining how socio-political, economic, and religious factors contribute to radicalization. It will investigate the tactics used in recruitment and the evolving nature of extremist narratives in Indonesia. Additionally, the paper will assess the effectiveness of various counterterrorism strategies implemented by governmental and non-governmental entities, including law enforcement agencies and civil society organizations. Furthermore, the study will scrutinize the process of deradicalization, rehabilitation, and reintegration of former terrorists, evaluating the success of existing programs and identifying barriers to their implementation. It will also analyze the role of community engagement, religious leaders, and social support networks in preventing radicalization and promoting deradicalization efforts. By synthesizing empirical evidence and insights from Indonesia's context, this paper aims to contribute to the broader discourse on terrorism and counterterrorism strategies. It seeks to provide actionable recommendations for policymakers, practitioners, and researchers to enhance efforts in combating terrorism while fostering peace and resilience in Indonesia and beyond.Terrorism

Child Protection of Perpetrators of Terrorism in Indonesia: How should we do? Should we punish them?

In Indonesia, the issue of child protection within the context of perpetrators of terrorism presents a multifaceted challenge that necessitates a careful balance between justice and rehabilitation. This paper delves into the complexities surrounding this issue, acknowledging the rights and well-being of children while addressing the imperative for accountability and security. While children may be both victims and perpetrators of terrorism, the prevailing question is how to effectively respond to their involvement. This paper examines the existing legal frameworks in Indonesia, international standards, and the various challenges encountered in implementing appropriate strategies. It considers the identification and assessment of affected children, the efficacy of rehabilitation and reintegration programs, as well as the importance of psychological and social support. Moreover, it highlights the significance of community perceptions and the risk of stigmatization, as well as the need for long-term monitoring to prevent recidivism. Ultimately, this paper advocates for a comprehensive approach that combines punitive measures with rehabilitation efforts, emphasizing the importance of multi-agency collaboration, educational initiatives, psychosocial support, and legal safeguards. Through case studies and lessons learned, it aims to inform policymakers and practitioners in Indonesia on effective strategies for ensuring the protection and well-being of children involved in terrorism while upholding principles of justice and accountability.

The Process of Proving Participation in the Crime of Terrorism in Indonesia

The Process of Proving Participation in the Crime of Terrorism in Indonesia

The Role of Civil Society Organizations in The Formulation of Presidential Regulation Number 7 of 2021 on Violent Extremism in Indonesia during the Period of 2020-2024

In January 2021, President Joko Widodo signed the National Action Plan for Preventing and Countering Violent Extremism that Leads to Terrorism (Presidential Regulation Number 7/2021). The increasing threats of violent extremism and terrorism make ratification of this policy urgent. The policy seeks to coordinate government and stakeholders against terrorism in Indonesia. The policy formulation demonstrates the resolve to engage the entire government and society. One of them is the roles of civil society organizations (CSOs). This study aims to describe the roles of the Wahid Foundation, C-SAVE, and Inklusif Foundation in formulating Presidential Regulation Number 7/2021. This qualitative study uses Arnstein's ladder participation as its conceptual framework. This study showed that the Wahid Foundation and the government are partners. In comparison, the C-SAVE and the Inklusif Foundation contribute to the level of tokenism. The Inklusif Foundation is only in the consultation or deliberation phase. However, despite the three CSOs having distinct work foci and levels of involvement, they have all contributed to the impetus behind the promulgation of this policy.

Early Childhood Tolerance in Minority Areas: A Foundation for Addressing Intolerance Problems in Indonesia

Cases of intolerance, fanaticism, radicalism, and terrorism in Indonesia still occur frequently, causing commotion. Amid the commotion of this issue, it is essential to take preventive measures from an early age. This research aims to analyze tolerance implementation from an early age in minority areas in early childhood education institutions. This research method uses qualitative field research with a case study approach. Data collection techniques used passive participant observation, semi-structured interviews, and documentation. The analysis used was thematic analysis with validity testing in the form of triangulation of sources and techniques. This research shows that Gajahwong School implements tolerance by starting with initial, core, and closing activities. The values of tolerance developed are mutual respect, care, respect for friends' opinions, and cooperation between children. The impact of tolerance from an early age at Gajahwong School provides a foundation for children to tolerate each other, improving human, family, and environmental resources. The findings of this research contribute in the form of knowledge and an overview of the implementation of tolerance from an early age in dealing with radicalism in Indonesia.

President Jokowi’s Securitization in Countering Terrorism

Terrorist actions that occurred in Indonesia have caused many people to die and be injured and infrastructure was destroyed. The purpose of this study is to analyze President Jokowi’s policies in dealing with terrorism in Indonesia. This article applies the securitization approach. The securitizing movement allows actors to violate normal political rules and take extraordinary actions in dealing with threats to the object of reference encountered in the securitization process. Terrorism is an existential threat to a state that has been securitized by the Indonesian government. Securitization is a process where an issue that was initially considered as an ordinary political issue is raised to become a security issue that requires special handling. This article focuses on Jokowi’s policy, which analyzes Jokowi’s rhetoric by urging lawmakers to speed up the revision of anti-terrorism law no.15/2003 for being inadequate to face contemporary challenges. This securitization process is a form of President Jokowi’s awareness that terrorism is a threat. The novelty in this research is Jokowi’s policy analysis in combat terrorism based on securitization theory.

Fighting Terrorism Towards Global Peace

One of the fundamental issues that will be examined in the results of this research is that to see and understand the problem of terrorism, it must be traced from its causes, the context of its occurrence and the meaning contained in it. According to Walter Reich, the complexity of the problem and the variety of interpretations of terrorism make it difficult for ordinary people to understand what terrorism is. Apparently, it also happened in the case of terrorism in Indonesia. Usually, ordinary people will see an action based on the results it causes without asking why someone has the heart to do such a cruel thing. This phenomenon intrigues the researchers regarding the issue of terrorism should not simply be examined by how to punish the perpetrator but instead asks the underlying reason of why the perpetrator did the act. From the results of the study, it was revealed that the acts of terror committed by the terrorists were motivated by acts of revenge against the “Real Terrorists,” the United States and its allies. For example, what was done by the US against Iraq, and what was done by Israel against Palestine. These terrorism cases are influenced by the religious teachings and ideology of the perpetrators. This research was a descriptive study, while the data collection was carried out for a long time, not only by tracing library materials but also by understanding the terrorism cases that occurred in Indonesia, as well as by conducting in-depth interviews and reading books by terrorists, such as Abu Bakar Baasyir and Imam Samudra. The conclusion is that the acts of terror carried out by terrorists in Indonesia are an “Effort of Resistance” against the real terrorists, the United States, and its allies.

The Role of Women in Terrorism in Indonesia

The involvement of women in terrorism in Indonesia has been seen since 2000 which was marked by Munfiatun's involvement as Noordin Muhammad Top's second wife in acts of terrorism at the Marriot Hotel in 2003 and the Australian Embassy in Jakarta in 2004. At this time, women do not act as the main actors but as supporters based on the relationship between husband and wife. Changes in the status of women's roles in acts of terrorism began to be seen in 2016 after the arrest of Dian Yulia Novi as the perpetrator in the pot bomb case in Bekasi. After the arrest, there was an increase in the involvement of women in acts of terrorism. Social media has succeeded in changing the role of women into perpetrators of terrorist actions. This article aims to determine the factors causing the increase in the role of women in terrorism in Indonesia, both in the form of bomb threats, attacks on officers, and suicide bombings. This study uses qualitative methods with secondary data sourced from court decisions and news in the national media from 2016 to 2022. This research found that husband and wife relationships aren't the main cause of women's involvement in Indonesian terrorism. Through the theory of the Hypodermic Needle, it was obtained that the media can provide information that affects society at large. These theories are considered appropriate in describing the propaganda of terrorist groups against female terror perpetrators in Indonesia where the media has a major influence in changing the thinking of the audience, directing the behavior of the audience, shaping attitudes, and even initiating the implementation of terror acts.

Identification of Terrorism Actions in Indonesia

The threat of terrorism in Indonesia is not a new phenomenon but has persisted since the early years of independence. Presently, perpetrators of terrorism come from various groups with diverse motives, encompassing ideology, politics, and security disturbances. This study aims to delineate the profile, characteristics, and motives of terrorism in Indonesia. Employing a descriptive research method with a qualitative approach, data collection involved non-participant observation. The findings reveal that from 2017 to 2022, there were 97 recorded instances of terrorism actions in Indonesia. Political motives predominantly drove these actions, constituting 88 cases. Moreover, the targets of terrorist actions exhibited minimal disparity between non-civilian and civilian objects, with 59 and 38 cases, respectively. The terrorism action networks are primarily associated with Jamaah Ansharut Daulah (69 cases), East Indonesia Mujahideen (10 cases), and Lone Wolf operatives (7 cases). The study’s findings highlight the role of political factors in terrorist activities in Indonesia, informing policymakers and law enforcement agencies about the need for targeted interventions to address underlying grievances and enhance social cohesion. Furthermore, identifying terrorist networks offers valuable intelligence for disrupting these groups, ultimately improving national security and public safety.

Ulama and terrorism in media: phenomenology research about the perceptions of ulama to terrorism news in Indonesia mass media

ABSTRACT This study aimed to explore the perceptions of ulama (Islamic scholars) regarding terrorism news in the Indonesian mass media. Employing a qualitative approach and descriptive method, data were collected through interviews with 25 ulama located in Jakarta, West Java, Central Java, North Sumatra, Padang, and West Kalimantan. The findings of this study revealed three significant perceptions among the ulama participants regarding the media coverage of terrorism in Indonesia. Firstly, they identified an unfair association between Islam and terrorism in the media coverage, expressing disagreement and concern over this portrayal. They emphasized that acts of terrorism should not be equated with the teachings of Islam. Secondly, the ulama perceived political, ideological, and economic motives behind the coverage of terrorism, suspecting specific agendas by Western or American entities. They also believed that economic interests influenced the media’s emphasis on sensational aspects to attract viewers and generate advertising revenue. Thirdly, the ulama perceived negative repercussions for Islam due to the coverage of terrorism, including the potential tarnishing of Islam’s image and the exacerbation of Islamophobic sentiments. This study provides additional insights and confirms previous research on the coverage of terrorism and Islam.

Breeding terrorism: an anomie’s anatomy of the terrorism in Indonesia

This article investigates the emergence of terrorism in Indonesia through the anomie sociological perspective. The data for this analysis was gathered from various sources, including documents of terrorist attacks in Indonesia from the internet, personal diaries, and interviews with terrorist prisoners. The anomie theory provides a means of analysis to illuminate the understanding of terrorism, its roots, and causes. From the anomie perspective, terrorism is not viewed as a savage group that allows the killing of innocent people nor a political party that wants to destroy and seize the secular government or Western countries. In the Indonesian context, terrorism is just seen as deviant groups or individuals resulted from global capitalism that destroys the equilibrium of the Muslim world. The anomie consists of two distinct forms: the terrorist attacks and the anomic interpretation of the Islamic holy text (Quran and Sunnah). Both conditions result in a threat to the government that they consider as infidel and aligned with the West. The anomie theory provides more promising remedies to abolish terrorism more permanently and to reduce the tensions between the government and the terrorists by proposing social integration and restoring equilibrium in the Muslim world, especially in Indonesia, as a focus for implementing these remedies.

Understanding the rise of Indonesian Foreign Terrorist Fighter

The issue of terrorism in Indonesia has escalated from causing problems in its home country to other countries. These new groups of terrorists are called Foreign Terrorist Fighters (FTFs). The qualitative method used in this paper to analyse the emergence of Indonesian FTFs to Syria to fight alongside the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) by using the theoretical framework of Political Economy Analysis (PEA), Market Analysis (MA), and Theory of Change. By using PEA, it could be argued that at the macro, sectoral, and micro levels, the emergence of Indonesian FTFs is inevitable. The use of MA also supports the emergence of Indonesian FTFs and how to intervene in them. Finally, this paper argued the theory of change to stop the flow of Indonesian FTFs, namely deterrence for supporters of Indonesian FTFs, communicate effectively with people influenced by terrorist doctrine, and change the culture by redefining the concept of jihad and applying it to the current Islamic education curriculum. Despite the fact that Indonesian FTFs to Syria have ceased since the defeat of ISIS, this paper argues that PEA, MA, and the Theory of Change can be used to analyse the future movement of Indonesian FTFs and to take preventative measures against it.

Optimalisasi Penguatan Basis Ke-Dkm-An Guna Mencegah Paham Radikalisme Di Desa Wisata

In Kertayasa Village there are several things that are starting to disappear from the activites usually carried out in the mosque, such as worship rituals which are carried out in congregation, religious activites and even religious education that is starting to fade. The lack of community participation in managing the prosperity of mosques in this village is caused by the management’s low knowledge of the applicable mechanisms and regulations, so that the community’s social concern for ukhuwah Islamiyah begins to decline. With this happening, because Kertayasa village is a tourist village, there is also concern. Understand, intolerance and even radicalism enter through this gap. Through public dialogue activites, optimalization of strengthening the base of the mosque prosperity council to prevent radicalism in tourist village. By providing guidance to mosque managers and providing insight into intolerance and radicalism so that mosque managers and society in general can screen for the possibility of such crimes occurring. In carrying out thus public dialogue, the mosque properity council in each hamlet and the communities involved have gained knowledge about preventing radicalism through increasing national insight, the causes of radicalism/terrorism, the legal basis for eradicating terrorism in Indonesia and efforts to improve the performance of mosque management. With this, the community at least has the provisions to recognize and prepare themselves both in strengthening mosque management and in countering ideas that are contrary to Islamic teachings

Cyber Indoctrination Victims in Indonesia and Uzbekistan: Victim Protection and Indoctrination in Practice

Terrorism has become a global phenomenon, affecting not only those hurt or killed by acts of terrorism but also involving women as significant contributors to indoctrination worldwide, including in Indonesia and Uzbekistan. This research aims to explain the evolving roles of women in terrorism in Indonesia and Uzbekistan and how terrorists use cyber indoctrination to target women in these countries. The research was conducted in Indonesia and Uzbekistan using the classical-normative dogmatic juridical method with a library-based approach. Cyber indoctrination has proven highly effective in persuading women to join and take initiative in acts of terror. Women who become involved in terrorism due to exposure to pseudo-religious ideologies through cyber indoctrination have human rights and should be legally protected as victims of cyber indoctrination by terror groups. This article contributes to the recognition of women's rights as victims of cyber indoctrination and sheds light on the changing role of women in terrorism. It aims to raise awareness among society, governments, law enforcement agencies, and religious leaders about the strategies of pseudo-religious cyber indoctrination employed by terrorists. It encourages them to take preventive and repressive actions to combat terrorism and safeguard women from its allure.

BNPT's Strategy In Anticipating Terrorism Crimes Through Cross-Sectoral Cooperation Synergy In Indonesia

The development of global terrorist crimes has shown a significant increase in mode, quantity and quality, with Indonesia becoming one of the targets of terrorism. It was revealed that the local militant network had links to international networks. Terrorist activities utilize ideology and religion as tools to influence society and achieve their goals. Therefore, the Indonesian government faces the phenomenon of terrorism wisely, analyzing various aspects of national life to fight terrorism together with the international community. Terrorism aims to create fear and uncertainty, create panic, disrupt social stability and disrupt the relationship between society and government. Terrorism, both on an international and local scale, can hamper efforts to create a conducive investment climate within the country. Serious challenges arise from the failure of several key terrorist figures to be caught and the emergence of new forms of terrorist acts. Factors such as individual and group interests, social inequality, religious beliefs, injustice in law enforcement, and socio-cultural changes influence the development of terrorism. Countering terrorism requires a synergistic cross-sectoral cooperation strategy to create domestic security stability. Even though efforts have been made to deal with terrorism, public awareness of the dangers of terrorism is still weak. Effective strategies in anticipating terrorism include steps that support aggressive and diversified strategies, including increasing community resilience, revising laws, as well as deradicalization and communal rehabilitation programs. In a global context, terrorism has become a serious focus for countries around the world and is a UN program in its efforts to prevent and overcome it. The history of terrorism in Indonesia records an increase in the number and impact of acts of terrorism, including incidents such as the Bali Bombing, the JW Marriott hotel explosion, and the attack in front of the Australian Embassy Building. Joint efforts to confront and prevent terrorism in Indonesia must take into account regional characteristics, potential and influencing aspects, without sacrificing national interests and ethnic and religious sensitivities.

Introducing the Relationship of Mental Disorder and Terrorism in Indonesia: A Study Case from Mentally Disorder Former Terrorist

Religion-motivated terrorism still substantially affected Indonesia in recent years. Whole-of-government and whole-of-society had attempted counter-terrorism efforts to combat radical-terrorism from all possible aspects. Nevertheless, analyses and studies regarding mental disorders are still neglected in Indonesian counter-terrorism policies. The current law for dealing with perpetrators of terrorism does not consider their mental disorders. The writing reviews the experiences of two former terrorism convicts in Indonesia who experience mental disorders from law and psychological perspectives. The research uses a qualitative approach with a case study model through in-depth interviews and document studies. As a result, the research prioritizes the development of studies on the issue of mental disorders in terrorism prevention policies in Indonesia while building social awareness. This paper is an initial finding in providing an overview of the correlation between countering terrorism and mental disorders. It also encourages psychological intervention as a basic need and the government, professionals, and academics to collaborate in conducting further research as a foundation for formulating mental health-based counter-terrorism policies in Indonesia.

Empowering women for reducing radicalization in Indonesia

The purpose of this research is to investigate the possibilities of localised female empowerment as a factor supporting deradicalization in Indonesia. Researchers look into the possibilities for deradicalization through localised empowerment of women using descriptive qualitative research methods. Descriptive research means collecting all data related to incidents or situations aligned with the study's theme. That is, by reading and analysing literature sources from regional journals, international articles, and online news sources that discuss women's participation in terrorist acts, women's empowerment in preventing terrorism initiatives, and existing attempts to eradicate terrorism in Indonesia. Using the data or information that has been found, researchers may use the grounded theory technique to explain the causes of a phenomenon, identify its causes and effects, and decide what actions can be implemented in regard to the current situation. The use of localised women's empowerment is thought to have the potential to be an preventative action against the issue of terrorism. Women may be incredibly motivating role models. Women are capable of doing this in the smallest scope, which is the family. Women are able to educate their children and families, provide the concept of tolerance, and spread the love of peace. That is why it is needed to strengthen the laws that may regulate existence of efforts to create deradicalization in local level by involving women in it.

The Deradicalization Program to Reduce Criminal Acts of Terrorism in Indonesia: A Mixed Method Approach

The Deradicalization Program to Reduce Criminal Acts of Terrorism in Indonesia: A Mixed Method Approach

Involvement of Children in Legal Issues for Criminal Acts of Terrorism in Indonesia: Phenomenon and Inflicting Factors

This article discusses the involvement of children in legal issues of criminal acts of terrorism in Indonesia, including a discussion of the phenomena and factors that cause them. This research method is this research using empirical legal research (non-doctrinal). Data collection techniques in this study were carried out through interviews and literature studies. This research also uses deductive reasoning method. The results of the study show the importance of paying attention to the potential for indoctrination of radicalism to children. However, this will be difficult to prevent if the perpetrators of indoctrination are the child's own parents. The risk of indoctrination of radicalism is easier to limit and prevent if the perpetrator is another party who is not a parent. Internal factors that occur and come from within the child. In this case, it is due to the mental condition of the child who is not yet an adult as well as the intervention of the parents who were previously the parents who attracted their children to join the terrorism network. Then external factors that come from outside the child. In this case, it is generally caused by environmental factors, the development of technology and information, as well as things that are not derived from the child's internal factors. Children who are in conflict with the law in criminal acts of terrorism should still receive protection for their rights. One of them is by implementing diversion in every stage that children go through in dealing with the law in criminal acts of terrorism and optimizing deradicalization policies based on the concept of restorative justice.

Counter Cyber Terrorism Governance In Indonesia

Information and communication technology has a significant impact on various aspects. Its developments affect daily life, and also give a new color to the political-security dynamics, especially in Indonesia. This depends on the purpose of using information and communication technology, which if not regulated, will become a double-edged sword. The typology of threats is also increasingly varied and transforming, including in the context of security threats in the form of terrorism which involves many dimensions ranging from religion-based terrorism to cyber-based terrorism. The state's response to cyber terrorism as a new security threat phenomenon is examined in this paper in a balanced way using an inward-looking and outward-looking perspective. By using qualitative research methods and descriptive research types, the existing data related to what has been done by Indonesia are interpreted into the form of a governance conception in the context of countering cyber terrorism. Indonesia has identified domestic conditions to be able to optimize its resources. At the same time, Indonesia is also trying to improve its capabilities by conducting international cooperation. So that the governance of countering cyber terrorism in Indonesia still leaves several problems that need to be resolved, such as institutional barriers including organizational culture which is the key to coordination between institutions related to countering cyber terrorism in Indonesia.