Terrorism Cases Research Articles

A terrorist mindset: findings from an empirical enquiry into prosecutions, evidence, and mindset material

Abstract This paper explores the use of mindset material in terrorism cases. Mindset material is a broad category of evidence, including social media activity and internet search histories, relied on to infer or imply that the accused is affiliated or aligned with terrorists. Although mindset material plays a central role throughout the justice process in terrorism cases, no work to date has explored and discussed its use in depth. In this paper I draw on doctrinal and empirical findings, including interviews, to examine how and why it has come to play such a central role in terror cases. While mindset material is a well-intentioned tool used to selectively enforce broadly drafted and vaguely defined terrorism offences, it is also a blunt tool, and sees great emphasis placed on the accused's inferred status as terrorist (or not). In this paper I explore and problematise the use of mindset material and the inferences drawn from it, specifically in relation to to fantasists, the merely curious, and young autistic defendants. I posit that mindset material is symptomatic of a need to revisit the substantive law and to rethink the proper role of the criminal law in preventing terrorism.

Legal Protection for Suspects in the Investigation Process of Terrorism Criminal Acts in Order to Fulfill Human Rights n the Region of the Riau Islands Police

The background of this study is the high number of terrorism cases in Indonesia that require strict law enforcement measures but must still respect human rights. Legal protection for suspects in the investigation process is crucial to ensure a fair legal process and in accordance with human rights standards regulated in various laws and regulations, including the Criminal Procedure Code, Law No. 5 of 2018, the 1945 Constitution, and Law No. 39 of 1999.The purpose of this study is to analyze the implementation of legal protection for suspects of terrorism crimes in the Riau Islands Police area, identify obstacles faced in implementing this protection, and formulate solutions to overcome these obstacles. The research method used is the empirical legal method, with a qualitative approach involving data collection through interviews, observations, and document studies.The results of the study indicate that the implementation of legal protection for suspects in the Riau Islands Police area is still less than optimal. The main obstacles identified include abuse of authority by law enforcement officers, lack of resources and capacity, and social stigma and discrimination against suspects. Abuse of authority often occurs in the form of unprocedural arrests and detentions, while limited resources result in a lack of adequate equipment and training for officers. Social stigma worsens the situation by hindering fair and humane legal protection. Based on the results of the study, it is recommended that supervision and accountability for the actions of law enforcement officers be strengthened, training and capacity building for officers be carried out continuously, and anti-stigma education and campaigns be carried out for the community. These steps are expected to increase the effectiveness of human rights protection for suspects, so that the process of investigating terrorism crimes can be carried out more fairly and in accordance with the principles of law and justice.

Prophetic Leadership as an Effort to Plant Moderate Value of Santri

The radicalism movement has become the main cause of the growth of terrorism cases in Indonesia. This movement has successfully spread to various educational institutions, one of which is pesantren (Islamic boarding schools). The entry of radicalism into pesantren is inseparable from the lack of internalization of religious moderation attitudes by pesantren leaders towards their students. The Kiai, through a prophetic leadership model, have a major role in internalizing religious moderation in their students through their influence in pesantren. This research aims to find the concept of prophetic leadership, prophetic leadership strategies in internalizing religious moderation, and the implications of prophetic leadership. This research uses a qualitative approach with a multisite study type. Data collection techniques are carried out by observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis uses data condensation, data display, and making conclusions. The research results conclude that the concept of prophetic leadership is carried out through education, religious learning, and istiqamah (steadfastness) in worship. The strategy of internalizing religious moderation is carried out by exemplification, habituation, and understanding. The implications of prophetic leadership include strengthening the religious moderation of students, strengthening moderation education, and forming student morals.

COACHING EFFORTS FOR TERRORISM PRISONERS IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF INDONESIAN POSITIVE LAW

The crime of terrorism is a serious crime that requires special guidance methods in handling it. Efforts to handle terrorism cases in Indonesia are carried out through special approaches, namely a hard and a soft approaches. Deradicalization is an action that seeks to develop the mentality of national and religious ideology. This research is empirical legal research that examines Law Number 5 of 2018 concerning the Eradication of Criminal Acts of Terrorism. The research method applied is descriptive, which aims to describe the actual situation. This data is then analyzed using a quantitative approach, which means the data is analyzed selectively and described before finding a solution to the problem. This data was analyzed to determine the effects of implementing guidance according to Law Number 5 of 2018 concerning the Eradication of Criminal Acts of Terrorism. Efforts to deal with Based on the evidence, it can be concluded that those who commit terrorist crimes in Indonesia are generally quite good. The obtained data shows that former prisoners in terrorism cases in Indonesia have returned to be good citizens. Although Indonesia is making good efforts to combat terrorism, much more needs to be improved. The government, law enforcement agencies and society have to work together in fighting terrorism and avoiding cases of terrorism in the future.

Philosophical Legal Review on The Implementation of the Rights of the Child for Youth Offender Associated with Terrorism Case in Indonesia

Philosophical Legal Review on The Implementation of the Rights of the Child for Youth Offender Associated with Terrorism Case in Indonesia

Crimes of Conspiracy and Assistance in Terrorism

This study aims to understand the application of material criminal law to the crime of conspiracy and assistance to commit terrorism. This study uses a normative legal research method. The collected legal material is then qualitatively analyzed to describe the problem and answer the study objectives. The results show that the definition of criminal conspiracy in Article 88 of the Penal Code encompasses an agreement between two or more individuals to commit a crime. Initial discussions not directly related to crime planning do not fall within the category of a malicious conspiracy. Furthermore, concerning the crime of terrorism, material criminal law does not differentiate between the roles of conspirators, assistants, and main perpetrators in terrorism. Consequently, an agreement to commit a terrorist crime made by two or more individuals already fulfils the element of criminal conspiracy. In this context, conspirators and terrorism assistants can be prosecuted according to Government Regulation in Lieu of Law Number 1 of 2002, even if the planned terrorist act has not been executed. Therefore, it is recommended for law enforcers, including POLRI, Prosecutors, and Judges, to pay close attention to the nuances of the criminal conspiracy definition according to the Penal Code and Government Regulation in Lieu of Law Number 1 of 2002 in the eradication of criminal acts of terrorism. It is crucial to distinguish between initial discussions that do not indicate preparation for a criminal act and explicit agreements to commit a terrorist crime. Law enforcers must apply a thorough understanding of how material criminal law classifies conspirators, assistants, and main perpetrators without distinction in terrorism cases. Thus, fair and accurate handling of individuals planning terrorist crimes can be realized while upholding the principles of justice and proportionality in law enforcement.

The Logic of Rampage Terrorism

In popular thinking the archetypal terrorist attack consists of a pre-conceived plan, where terrorists carefully select the location, targets, and timing of their operation. Bombings, hijackings, and targeted assassinations are all tactics that fit with such perceptions. However, increasingly, terrorists have chosen to engage in what can be termed “rampage terrorism”, in which the terrorist is physically present at the attack location, attacks targets of opportunity, and the attack continues for an indefinite period, either until the terrorist is subdued or chooses to end the attack. Examples include stabbing attacks, shootings in crowded areas, and driving vehicles through crowds. This article defines rampage terrorism as a specific subset of terrorist tactics and argues that it possesses unique characteristics that warrant attention. It goes on to illustrate the operational logic and tactical details behind such attacks, by examining five cases of rampage terrorism in depth. The article concludes with a brief discussion of policy implications and points to future research.

LEGAL PROTECTION AND RESTORATIVE APPROACH IN HANDLING CHILDREN INVOLVED IN TERRORISM CRIMES IN INDONESIA

This study examines the implementation of restorative justice in handling children involved in terrorism crimes in Indonesia. Restorative justice, which focuses on rehabilitating and reintegrating individuals into society, is a relevant approach to rehabilitating children involved in criminal acts of terrorism. The concept also allows community and victim participation in the settlement process. The study uses normative legal and analytic philosophical approaches. Although restorative justice has the potential to handle terrorism cases involving children, its implementation still faces challenges and requires cooperation from various parties. The research emphasizes that restorative justice should be part of a broader strategy in protecting children from involvement in terrorism, involving effective education, early intervention, and support for families and communities vulnerable to extremist influences. This study also emphasizes that implementing restorative justice in the context of criminal acts of terrorism involving children poses significant challenges and requires cooperation between various parties, including the legal system, educational institutions, families, and communities. The research argues that restorative justice should be an integral part of a broader strategy that involves effective education about the values of peace and tolerance, early intervention to detect and prevent radicalization, and support for families and communities vulnerable to extremist influences.

Early Childhood Tolerance in Minority Areas: A Foundation for Addressing Intolerance Problems in Indonesia

Cases of intolerance, fanaticism, radicalism, and terrorism in Indonesia still occur frequently, causing commotion. Amid the commotion of this issue, it is essential to take preventive measures from an early age. This research aims to analyze tolerance implementation from an early age in minority areas in early childhood education institutions. This research method uses qualitative field research with a case study approach. Data collection techniques used passive participant observation, semi-structured interviews, and documentation. The analysis used was thematic analysis with validity testing in the form of triangulation of sources and techniques. This research shows that Gajahwong School implements tolerance by starting with initial, core, and closing activities. The values of tolerance developed are mutual respect, care, respect for friends' opinions, and cooperation between children. The impact of tolerance from an early age at Gajahwong School provides a foundation for children to tolerate each other, improving human, family, and environmental resources. The findings of this research contribute in the form of knowledge and an overview of the implementation of tolerance from an early age in dealing with radicalism in Indonesia.

Fighting Terrorism Towards Global Peace

One of the fundamental issues that will be examined in the results of this research is that to see and understand the problem of terrorism, it must be traced from its causes, the context of its occurrence and the meaning contained in it. According to Walter Reich, the complexity of the problem and the variety of interpretations of terrorism make it difficult for ordinary people to understand what terrorism is. Apparently, it also happened in the case of terrorism in Indonesia. Usually, ordinary people will see an action based on the results it causes without asking why someone has the heart to do such a cruel thing. This phenomenon intrigues the researchers regarding the issue of terrorism should not simply be examined by how to punish the perpetrator but instead asks the underlying reason of why the perpetrator did the act. From the results of the study, it was revealed that the acts of terror committed by the terrorists were motivated by acts of revenge against the “Real Terrorists,” the United States and its allies. For example, what was done by the US against Iraq, and what was done by Israel against Palestine. These terrorism cases are influenced by the religious teachings and ideology of the perpetrators. This research was a descriptive study, while the data collection was carried out for a long time, not only by tracing library materials but also by understanding the terrorism cases that occurred in Indonesia, as well as by conducting in-depth interviews and reading books by terrorists, such as Abu Bakar Baasyir and Imam Samudra. The conclusion is that the acts of terror carried out by terrorists in Indonesia are an “Effort of Resistance” against the real terrorists, the United States, and its allies.

Analisis Hukum Internasional Tentang State Sponsored Terrorism

Introduction: State is one of the subjects of international law that has the responsibility to protect the human rights of every individual within its sovereign territory. However, the facts show that there are countries that become sponsors or in other words the state provides support either directly or indirectly to terrorist groups to carry out their actions. This term is known as state sponsored terrorism which requires global attention considering that terrorism cases that occur often have links to the state.Purposes of the Research: 1. Review and discuss the regulation of State Sponsored Terrorism in International Law. 2. Review and discuss the implications for the enforcement of International Law.Methods of the Research: This study uses a normative juridical method with an analytical perspective using primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. This research technique is a literature study based on international legal regulations, scientific works and other literature related to state sponsored terrorism.Results of the Research: International law arrangements related to state sponsored terrorism still require special attention due to the large number of cases and indications of states being involved. Given that state sponsored terrorism is the root of various terrorism cases around the world. This shows that the international legal instruments that existed before the International Convention for the Suppression of the Financing Terrorism and United Nations Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime were considered unable to prevent and prohibit countries from sponsoring terrorists caused by the absence of the universal definition of terrorism. It is proven by international violations committed by sponsoring countries in order to fulfill their country's interests. State sponsored terrorism can also be considered as a problem for the protection of human rights. This can be seen when a sponsored terror act results in a violation of the right to life and the right to feel safe of every individual who is within the sovereign territory of the target country. The implication of state sponsored terrorism then causes overlapping jurisdictions between the International Court of Justice and the Security Council in enforcing international law so that the settlement of cases is still unclear.

Konten Isu Terorisme di Media Sosial dan Ketakutan Anggota Kepolisian

Terrorism and radicalism as crimes are quite dangerous because they threaten security, property and life. The claim that terrorism and radicalism makes fear was tested in this research. The theoretical study of this research is the Social Information Processing theory and the Uses and Gratifications theory. The research method used is quantitative data processing with the independent variable internet network information content and the dependent variable is the fear and moral panic police officer (Indonesian Nasional Police). Survey research was conducted at the Surakarta Police (Polresta Surakarta) with 100 respondents as police officers. Research using simple linear regression model statistical data. The research findings show that there is no influence of internet network information content on issues of terrorism and radicalism on feelings of fear and panic among police officer. If there is a very small possibility, only 25.6%. The use of information technology by Police officer in the field is sufficient and sufficient to anticipate cases of terrorism and radicalism. The most powerful element seen by police officers regarding terrorism and radicalism is the narrative of the information presented which often does not make sense in the minds and thoughts of the police in the field.

A Reflection on the Role of Ulama and Community Leaders in Raising Socio-Cultural Capital to Deal with Terrorist Groups in Bukit Jalin, Aceh Besar

The emergence of terrorist groups in the Aceh Province, which is spreading, was revealed after reports from residents and local clerics about armed training carried out by this radical group in Bukit Jalin, Aceh Besar, in September 2009. This terrorism case attracted the attention of the local government and local community. All of this has mainly happened because the expansion of the material world and technology has structured new settings for needs and patterns of life and created fields or jobs (occupations) that are very different from what had developed in the agrarian society in Aceh that was pre-Islamic. -industry. These changes in employment are directly related to economic development in the era of capitalism, which in turn requires investment in capital goods and an increase in the standard of prosperity. As a result, “as the economy develops, the need for skilled workers, technologists, and generally educated people increases almost geometrically”. Thus, what is then witnessed is the continuous adjustment efforts of the traditional and modern world of education into the dynamics of the expansion of the material and technological world. With the emergence of terrorist movements and radical movements that try to offer perspectives and solutions that are based on considerations of violence in addressing the problems of modernity and Indonesianness, it is necessary to play the role of ulama and community leaders who are able to raise socio-cultural capital to deal with the problems of radicalism and terrorism in Aceh/Indonesia in the era of capitalism, in addition to strict law enforcement to eradicate terrorism that threatens our people in Aceh and Indonesia.

Mass-casualty terrorism and strategic surprise in Mumbai and Paris: understanding the Islamist perspective

ABSTRACT The Mumbai and Paris attacks are representative cases of mass-casualty terrorism due to the number of casualties and the level of devastation they caused. This type of terrorism has often been the result of strategic surprise resuting from intelligence failure. In both India and France, security agencies were taken by surprise and failed to respond promptly. Although the concept of strategic surprise has been largely explored by Western scholars, there is an Islamist perspective that has not received any attention. The article claims that strategic surprise can be understood as a cultural particular leading to mass-casualty terrorism. Finally, it examines the implications for intelligence and deterrence which need to adapt accordingly.

Misconceptions of Jihad: A Constructivist Review of the Meaning of Struggle in Islam in the Modern Era: Analysis of the verses al-Amwaal wa al-Nafs

This article aims to correct the misconceptions of jihad that some people have misunderstood as being the actual only meaning. In the Indonesian context, Jihad is often understood as a call to arms. Ironically, Jihad has become a scapegoat for terrorism cases in various parts of the world. Ideally, the Qur'an sets the word ‘Jihad’ differently from the word ‘vital’ so that the meaning of Jihad can be interpreted multi-dimensionally. The urgency of this article is to reconstruct the ideal meaning of Jihad according to the desired level of the Qur'an. This article uses qualitative research with data collection techniques of literature observation and interviews with interpreters. The data collected was analyzed using content analysis techniques. The results showed that the context of jihad contained in the Qur'an does not only discuss war but has additional important connotations. There is the concept of Jihad of wealth (al-Amwaal) and Jihad of body or soul (al-Nafs). This concept is often overlooked because the level of jihad in society, especially in the West, is always related to war. The actualization of Jihad in its true essence in the modern era is urgently in need of application, especially in Indonesia. Jihad of wealth and jihad of body and soul is a profound concept that aims to improve the social order and create a harmonious balance through the values contained in the Qur'an.

1종화학물질과 산업독성물질의 화학테러 이용 가능성 분석

In this study, we analyzed chemical substances that could be used in chemical terrorism for the purpose of mass destruction, social disruption and assassination, and suggested ways to effectively manage these chemicals. The analysis focused on toxic industrial substance which are suggested by accident preparation substances from regulations and literature, and schedule 1 chemicals which actually used in chemical terrorism recently. The analysis was conducted based on ease of acquisition, transportation, and dispersal, which can vary depending on the physical, chemical properties and toxicity of the substances. The review concluded that the schedule 1 chemical is more likely to be utilized for chemical terrorism compared to industrial toxic substances. Unlike industrial toxic substance, schedule 1 chemical can be obtained through synthesis or smuggling from abroad. They possess high toxicity enough to achieve object with small quantities, so that it has advantages of secretly transportation and dispersal to that target location or individuals. This analysis is supported by recent chemical terrorism cases. To prevent terrorists from acquiring the schedule 1 chemicals identified as potential candidates for chemical terrorism, effective management and supervision of various chemicals that can be used for the synthesis of schedule 1 chemical is crucial. In this regard, it is essential to thoroughly monitor and analyze the chemicals purchased by consumers to determine their potential for synthesizing these category of chemicals. To achieve this, we propose the establishment and utilization of an artificial intelligence-based system.

Анализ методов борьбы с молодежным экстремизмом

The text of the article analyzes the causes of the increasing number of cases of youth terrorism and extremism. Against this social background, there is an increase in cohesion among population groups that are not directly involved in terrorist operations, while they have long-term traumatic consequences that cause changes in their behavioral attitude and life direction, increasing feelings of guilt. Patriotic education requires a unified State policy to prevent acts of extremism and terrorism among young people. The State should be the central institution that organizes and ensures the functioning of the entire system of patriotic education. The patriotic education system of young people makes it possible to form and develop socially significant values, such as citizenship and patriotism. These qualities are formed during education and training in the process of public patriotic actions. Patriotic activity in educational institutions requires constant improvement.

드론테러의 현황과 특성 분석 연구

Recently, drones have been used as a major means of terrorism and interest in drone terrorism has increased through the North Korean drone incident and the war in Ukraine, but empirical research on drone terrorism is lacking. In this regard, this study analyzes current status and characteristics of drone terrorism around the world using GTD data from the START in the United States. From the data collected from 1970 to 2021, only 315 cases of drone terrorism using drones as a means of terrorism were extracted and analyzed. According to the analysis, the number of drone terrorism incidents by year has been increasing since 2018, with the highest level of 131 incidents in 2021. By region, the Middle East and North Africa region is the most concentrated with 291 incidents, and by country, Saudi Arabia is the highest with 148 incidents, followed by Yemen and Iraq. Among drone terrorist organizations, Houthi extremists have attempted the most drone attacks (211), while ISIL has the highest success rate (91.7%). More than 90% of drone attacks utilized explosives. Finally, in terms of targets, ISIL had the highest percentage of attacks against military, civilian, and property targets. Based on this study, we hope that various studies on drone terrorism and active discussions on drone terrorism prevention and response will be conducted.

Study Of Deradicalization And Disengagement Of Former Terrorism Convicts As An Effort To Prevent Terrorism For National Resilience

Terrorism is an issue of particular concern worldwide because of its global threat. The Indonesian government realizes that terrorism is an extraordinary event that requires special handling, hence, the appropriate countermeasure is needed. One of the ways to achieve it is by deradicalization and disengagement of former convicts in terrorism cases. This article aims to determine the role of deradicalization and disengagement methods for ex-convicts in terrorism cases as a strategy for dealing with criminal acts of terrorism in Indonesia. The research method used in this study was literature research, which was then analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Deradicalization programs require many approaches which depend on the individual’s characteristics in understanding the process of radicalization that occurs and is experienced by certain individuals or groups. So that by understanding the interpretation of the deradicalization polemic that is occurring, a new formulation is needed for the treatment of convict convicts. Effective methods of deradicalization and disengagement rehabilitation, continuous testing, periodic assessment, and strict supervision, carried out by the state in a comprehensive manner, can undoubtedly be a form of great support, specifically, for ex-convicts to not return and join their radical groups and leave violent ways.

Why It Is Not Unreasonable to Fear Terrorism

ABSTRACTA common view has it that since we are far likelier to be killed in some road or household accident than in a terror attack, our fear of the latter is exaggerated. I argue that terrorism's relatively limited death toll need not mean that fearing it is unreasonable, nor does it immediately imply that counter‐terrorism policies are unjustified – whatever other, legitimate concerns these policies give rise to. First, I argue that in the special case of terrorism, it is misleading to focus on risk per capita, as critics typically do. Second, while terrorism has a probabilistic component which should be relevant to decision‐making, risk is not entirely or even primarily what terrorism is all about. Third, I argue that fearing terrorism may be reasonable even while recognizing the small probability of personal harm. Due to terrorism's random character, the belief that one will escape harm rests on little more than statistical evidence. As I explain, this leaves some room for reasonable doubt, and a justified level of fear.