Terror In France Research Articles

La France et le terrorisme : la tentation du sanctuaire

Terrorism in France : The Temptation of Sanctuary, by Edwy Plenel Terrorism is likely to be a durable phenomenon in France because home-grown terrorists have improved their military proficiency and increased the radicalism of their ideology. Furthermore, certain foreign states, notably Syria, are using terrorist pressure as an alternative to diplomacy for the furtherance of their foreign policy objectives. During 1980-1982, the French government underestimated the potential for violence of « Action Directe » and had a contradictory policy towards the Near and Middle East, which led to an upturn in terrorist activity. Actions by domestic terrorist groups have had less impact on policy than « demands » of international terrorism. While dealing firmly with the former, the government has made concessions to the latter. Cohabitation with terrorism has required a critical review of France's vital interests and the expediency of certain diplomatie links.

The Project of Transferring the University of Geneva to America

AMERICAN PARTICIPATION in international education started much earlier than the twentieth century. The activities of Franklin and Jefferson, although American, were international at the same time (see my two articles in the Proceedings of A.P.S. for 1952 and 1954). As an example of American interest in foreign education the project of transplanting the Genevan Academy to America could be mentioned. The details are taken from Jefferson Papers (Library of Congress, Washington) and Sir Francis D'Ivernois Papers (The Library of the University of Geneva). The scheme was started by D'Ivernois from London. D'Ivernois was in British diplomatic service and was knighted by George III. Being safe in London, he wanted to save his friends, Genevan professors, from the threat of Robespierre's terror in France. D'Ivernois was introduced by DuMont to Albert Gallatin. The latter was educated in Geneva, but emigrated to America and took part in the war of independence. In 1782 he was professor of French at Harvard. He founded the Ethnological Society of America and was a personal friend of Jefferson. Gallatin introduced D'Ivernois to Jefferson and they started a correspondence about the transplantation of the Genevan Academy to America. This project was imperfectly known to historians of education. Charles Borgeaud in his Histoire de l'Universite de Geneve (1900) mentioned the project only in a note. From manuscripts available in

The German Terror in France: An Historical Record

The German Terror in France: An Historical Record