Population Of Territories Research Articles

ОСОБЕННОСТИ РАБОТЫ СПАСАТЕЛЕЙ МЧС РОССИИ В УСЛОВИЯХ ВЗАИМОДЕЙСТВИЯ С ПРЕДСТАВИТЕЛЯМИ РАЗНЫХ ЭТНИЧЕСКИХ ГРУПП И РЕЛИГИОЗНЫХ КОНФЕССИЙ

The article reveals the characteristic features of interaction between employees of EMERCOM of Russia and the population of territories that have great differences in cultural, socio-psychological and economic development, having their own way of life, traditions, customs and, in general, mentality. The study offers appropriate recommendations aimed at minimizing the negative aspects of carrying out rescue operations in areas of compact residence of indigenous peoples and, in turn, achieving positive ones. Particular attention in the article is paid to the issue of developing personal and professionally important qualities, the competence of employees involved in organizing and conducting such events. The authors substantiate the concept in which one of the main forms of solving the problems identified in the work is additional professional education for employees of EMERCOM of Russia.

Simulation Technologies in Assessing the Readiness to Provide First Aid to the Population of New Territories of the Russian Federation in the Conditions of The Special War Operation

This paper presents an analysis of the readiness to provide first aid to employees of enterprises in the new territories of the Russian Federation (DPR, LPR) in conditions of a high probability of missile and artillery attacks, conducted on the basis of first aid training for 976 people.

Experience in conducting human-dimensional examination of innovative projects

The article proposes methodological and methodological foundations for conducting a human-dimensional examination of innovative projects for the agro-industrial complex. The concept of human-dimensional expertise is proposed as an interdisciplinary assessment of the significance and forecasting of the prospects for use, socio-economic efficiency, risks, threats and consequences of the implementation of intersectoral innovation for the quality of life of a person, territorial population, and society. The article provides a step-by-step technology for conducting a human-dimensional examination. An example of such an examination is presented on the example of one of the projects of the Scientific and Educational Center "Innovative Solutions in Agroindustrial Complex" (Belgorod Region) on the topic "Creation and implementation of technology - an innovative analytical tool for assessing and shaping human resources in the agro-industrial complex of the Belgorod Region". As part of the demonstration, estimates of the main and industry indicators are presented, the positive and negative human-dimensional effects are highlighted, the conclusion on the conditions and restrictions on the implementation of innovations in the agro-industrial complex is justified. It is proposed to consider the proposed innovation for two levels of implementation: administrative-regional and individually-locally. The concentration of risks and negative probabilities identified by experts at the second level made it possible to put forward a proposal to refine the innovation before its final use, which made it possible to prevent possible social risks for the industry and the region.

The characteristics of medical technical task working out as a factor of successful implementation of project of public-private partnership in health care

The application of mathematical modeling approaches based on factual demand of the population of territories in setting of medical and technical tasks makes it possible to significantly optimize costs of construction and equipping primary health care objects. This is confirmed by both corresponding calculations and results of analysis. This operation is oriented both on structural divisions of regional executive authorities responsible for setting of medical and technical tasks, and on investment companies implementing projects in health care.

The Narrative of Parthenius (Ageev) on the Accession of the Kyrgyz Steppe to Russia: from the History of Christianization of Central Asian Peoples

In the context of studying the history of the Orthodox presence of Russia in Central Asia and Western China, we have analyzed the well-known narrative source – the note of schema-abbot Parthenius (Aggeyev 1806–1878) “First news of the Russians in Ghulja” from the point of view of its objectivity and correspondence to the historical events of the 3rd quarter of the XIXth century, associated with the annexation of Central Asian territories to the Russian Empire, such as the establishment of Russian consulates in Kuldzha and Chuguchak (1851), the fate of Russian trading posts during the Dungan uprising (1850s – 1860s), the Kuldzha campaign of General G. A. Kolpakovsky and the annexation of the Kuldzha region to the Turkestan General Government (1871), the first stages of negotiations on its return to China (1870s). We pay particular attention to the main plot of Parthenius’s narrative – the Orthodox Christianization of the Central Asian peoples who accepted Russian citizenship. The methodological basis was the methods of historical science (chronological, comparative, content analysis, etc.) with the involvement of the results of research by authoritative historians and archival documents from Russian archives that were not introduced into scientific circulation in order to comply with the principles of historicism and objectivity. In the process of research based on linking plots from the text of schema-abbot Parthenius (Ageev) to specific events from the history of the acquisition of Central Asian possessions by the Russian Empire, it was possible to reconstruct the picture described by Parthenius and correct the shortcomings made by the author. As the results of the analysis have shown, the picture presented by Parthenius, despite the deviations from the chronological and geographical framework, corresponds in the main to the real events and can serve as evidence of the voluntary acculturation of the population of the accession territories. In this respect, the Fr. Parthenius’ narrative is a valuable historical source that should be taken into account when reconstructing the processes of migration, assimilation and Christianization of the peoples of the Kyrgyz steppe and Western China.

Foreign experience in organizing state and business relationship and its impact on urbanization

The subject of this study is the relationship between state and municipal authorities, representatives of business sector, the population of certain territories in terms of the need for physical interaction between government and business, which ultimately affects the location of the population. The goal is to prove that Russia's big business itself strives to be physically closer to the authorities, which does not have a positive effect on the processes of urbanization. In its turn, foreign experience demonstrates more effective options for the relationship between state and business that do not affect other social processes. In this work, the author uses statistical method, the method of modeling in terms of formulating the author's proposals, expert assessments, comparative legal method, as well as general scientific methods of deduction, induction, analysis and synthesis. The work shows close relationship between business and public authorities in the Russian Federation, which is due to the territorial location of a large number of people in the area where there are conditions for such interaction. The described situation is not characteristic of most foreign countries. Some variants of influence for overcoming the specified problem are offered. Scope of the results: public administration system, including the processes of state influence on economic entities. Also, individual proposals can be applied in urban planning, solving issues of demography and urbanization. Russia is characterized by a very close relationship between state power and the commercial sector, which significantly distinguishes it from most of other countries, at least in terms of territorial structure. This situation has a negative impact on a large number of social institutions, and therefore it is necessary to take a number of organizational measures, including the use of administration of planning and urban planning activities based on foreign experience.

Clinical and Epidemiological Features of Tuberculosis in Ukraine (Review)

The analysis of professional publications regarding the clinical and epidemiological features of tuberculosis in contemporary conditions was conducted. Literature review indicates that tuberculosis remains a pressing issue in Ukraine, particularly amidst the conditions of military conflict and active hostilities. The characteristics of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in children and adolescents from areas of drug-resistant tuberculosis infection have been studied. The onset of MDR-TB in children is often acute, while in adolescents, it tends to be insidious. Children and adolescents are particularly susceptible to the development of MDR-TB. Annually, 1.1 million patients under the age of 15 are diagnosed with tuberculosis, with approximately 700 children dying from tuberculosis daily.The features of detection and course of clinical forms of extrapulmonary tuberculosis and the profile of drug resistance of the pathogen in different age groups were analysed based on literature data. In 2022, more cases of extrapulmonary and disseminated forms of tuberculosis were registered compared to 2019 — 15.6 % and 8.1 %, respectively. Pulmonary tuberculosis was detected in 34.7 % in 2019 and 38.9 % in 2022.In contemporary conditions, the spread and development of tuberculosis are influenced by HIV infection and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). HIV infection contributes to a tuberculosis epidemic, affecting the course and outcomes of its treatment. Stigmatisation regarding COVID-19 and fear of quarantine hindered and delayed patients seeking medical care, limiting their mobility and leading to a decrease in most medical services for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of tuberculosis.The situation in Ukraine (prevalence of HIV infection and COVID-19, military actions in the country, population migration, presence of refugees and internally displaced persons) has also contributed to the development and spread of tuberculosis, increasing the incidence and mortality rates from this disease, and progressing its burden. Among refugees, internally displaced persons and the population of territories where these individuals are located, tuberculosis, COVID-19 and HIV infection may concurrently spread.

Shell Mounds of the Dian Lake

This article provides data on the search and study of the finds obtained during archaeological excavations of shell mounds in the region of Dian Lake in Yunnan Province, China. These objects represent a common, but at the same time, quite specific category of archaeological sources containing important information about the material and spiritual life of the population that left them. From the considerable number of Yunnan køkkenmøddings, the ancient fortified settlement of Guchengcun attracted the most attention, during the excavations of which it was possible for the first time to reveal the direct sequence of the Pre-Dian and Early Dian stages, dating back to the period of 3500– 2500 years BC, which are characterized by a unique set of ceramic and bronze implements. These finds give us the opportunity to express preliminary considerations regarding the origin of the Dian culture and state. Some part of the ceramics is similar to the vessels of the local Neolithic culture of Baiyangcun, which had contacts with the Neolithic painted pottery of the Yellow River valley; another part of it, as well as jade half-rings and sea shells, indicating a connection with the coastal cultures of Eastern China. Bronze knives and daggers are probably related in origin to the population of Northern China and adjacent territories. The interaction of these factors formed the basis of the Dian culture, while the contacts with the northern peoples outlined a line of interaction, following which the “horseback culture” later penetrated into Yunnan, shaping the formation of the Dian state.

Ecological structure of the avifauna composition as a basis for assessment of its heterogeneity and dynamics

The article describes the methodological approach and the results of classification of breeding bird species in Belarus by their preference for habitat type during the breeding season based on this approach. During the classification process, we took into account the preferences developed in the course of evolution, i. e. those that had been the most characteristic of the species before the domination of altered territories and the escalation of an urbanization rate, as well as before many species started living in urban environments on a large scale.In total, we defined six ornithofaunistic complexes (forest, arboreal-shrub, water-coastal, marsh, dry open spaces and synanthropic) that include all 223 bird species that have been observed breeding in Belarus since 2000. In most cases, the ornithofaunistic complexes were further divided into clusters that reflect a prominent ecological differentiation of species, although less drastic than a difference between the complexes themselves. In controversial or debatable cases, to justify attributing a species to a certain ornithofaunistic complex, we compared and analyzed all available data on the occurrence and breeding density of the species. Most breeding bird species belong to forest and water-coastal ornithofaunistic complexes (80 and 64 species, respectively), while only 12 species belong to the ornithofaunistic complex of dry open spaces. This classification proves to be a convenient tool to estimate the size and nature of the changes in the ecological structure of bird assemblages that have undergone some interference or transformations in time as well as to get comparable ecological characteristics of bird populations in different territories.

Market potential: the measurement of domestic market size

Influenced by the concept of the strength of a force in physics, access to markets has since the 1940s been evaluated by indicators of ‘potential’, measured as a sum of a distance-weighted of population or market size of foreign or external territories. Later development of the New Economic Geography (NEG) by Paul Krugman did not solve the problem of calculating internal market size in a way that can be used to add it to calculations for external market potential. This paper analyzes the consequences of geometrical justifications in measuring internal market potential. For a sample of European regions, the paper concludes that the literature should be more explicit about historical processes of agglomeration and methods of calculating internal market size.

Results of a screening examination for the presence of markers of West Nile fever in the central and southern territories of Russia

Objective: to study the intensity of contact with the causative agent of West Nile fever (WNF) of the population of certain central and southern territories of Russia.Materials and methods: the screening survey covered 1,230 people in 11 regions of the Russian Federation. The work used molecular genetic, immunological and statistical methods.Results: WNVmarkers, indicating an acute infectious process, were detected in 1.4% of samples. For the first time, local cases of the disease were confirmed in 9 regions of central Russia and the North Caucasus. The circulation of West Nile virus genotype 1 in the territory of the Republics of Ingushetia and Mordovia, genotype 2 in the Ivanovo and Nizhny Novgorod regions, Chuvash and Kabardino- Balkarian Republics is shown. The results of studying the immune layer revealed the presence of antibodies to the West Nile virus of the IgG class in 4.5% of the examined local population, with the highest rates in the Chechen Republic (10%) and the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania (14%). The maximum level of population immunity was noted among people in the age groups 20–29 years old and amounted to 9.7%, 30–39 years old – 7.8%.Conclusion: the results obtained significantly supplemented our understanding of the spread of WNV in Russia and the activity of disease foci, and can be used in planning and conducting monitoring studies.

Трудовые практики неработающих жителей удаленных сел (на примере Хакасии)

In conditions of prolonged unemployment, the sphere of labor and employment in rural areas is trans­forming. The labor market is changing, informal practices are spreading, new forms of employment are emerging, the number of villagers who do not want or are unaccustomed to work is growing, etc. The article aims at identifying labor practices among the unemployed population of remote territories using the example of Khakassia. Geographical remoteness is an additional factor limiting the possibilities of rural population labor behavior. The study was conducted based on a sociological survey of region’s remote areas residents (n = 404). The article compares the groups of villagers who are unemployed for different periods. The socio-demographic composition of these groups, as well as the strategies of their work behavior, differ. The first group of respondents, those who did not work for up to a year, can be considered frictionally unemployed. Most of them are able-bodied people living in large villages with a relatively high level of prosperity and focused on various labor strategies. The second group, people who did not work for several years, is quite diverse in its composition and represents almost all segments of the rural population. The respondents of this group are engaged in personal subsidiary farming, which serves as an alternative to formal employment. The third group consists of women of reproductive age who have never worked. They do not aim at finding work or other forms of self-employment, since their main activities are household management and childcare. Casual earnings (extra money made on the side) and fishing activities are common among the unemployed population, but the income from such activities is low and unstable. In general, the labor practices of the remote territories’ unemployed population depend on various factors, but the personal motivation of the villagers, which determines the strategy of their labor behavior, has the greatest influence.

К вопросу о кариозной болезни как глобальной медико-социологической проблеме.

High levels of prevalence of caries disease among the population of various countries have become the basis for including this pathology in the list of civilization-related problems. The complexity of the prospects for reducing the medical and sociological significance of caries disease is noted by most researchers who study the specifics of its course among representatives of various states and social groups. It has been determined that at present the global dental community has not been able to develop a unified strategy that guarantees a reduction in the medical and social risks of caries development. This fact is determined by differences in lifestyle, food preferences, level of education of the population of different countries and territories, in the functioning of health insurance systems and the distribution of medical personnel, in the territorial and geographical characteristics of states, and a number of other factors.

The main stages and features of the development of migration processes in Kyrgyzstan

This article describes the main stages and features of the development of migration flows in the Kyrgyz Republic. The issues of migration flows in different periods of development of the Kyrgyz statehood, territorial population movements to destinations and issues of migration flow management are analyzed. The problems of unregulated migration and the prospects for further strengthening the fight against non-systemic and illegal migration and coordinating the activities of States on the measures applied are also considered.

ДЕЦЕНТРАЛІЗАЦІЯ ВЛАДИ В УМОВАХ ВОЄННОГО СТАНУ

Under the conditions of martial law in Ukraine, there are changes in management processes, including those related to the reform of decentralization of power. That is why it is extremely important to remain steadfast during higher authorities to implement and observe the principles of the rule of law, the combination of centralization and decentralization in the exercise of power and ensuring the priority of national security. The formationof a plan in such a situation should be preceded by a scientific understanding of the conditions and order of decentralization of power during martial law and after its termination, considering foreign experience in this field. The article singles out several reasons for the introduction of political and administrative decentralization (as a means of providing various national and territorial population groups with certain autonomy and control over their own affairs, as a way of distributing power among many different political forces, without territorial or national attachment, as a fundamental democratic principle functioning of the public administration system). It is noted that the decentralization of power also creates certain risks, but they can be eliminated with the correct distribution of powers between higher and local authorities. It is noted that when the state, developing the principles of a legal, democratic, social state, forms a new political system, without delay moves to the processes of decentralization, this ensures the stability and unity of the country. It is noted that with the beginning of the full-scale invasion of Ukraine, there were changes in regional politics both at the national and local levels (military administrations were formed, where local self-government bodies cannot solve urgent issues of local importance. budget, fiscal and other powers of bodies are limited local self-government), which testify to the application of administrative management methods and the introduction of centralization of power in the conditions of martial law. It is noted that the processes of centralization of power under martial law are typical for such periods and countries that are or are preparing for armed aggression or its repulsion. Positive and negative signs of this process are listed.It was concluded that modern processes aimed at strengthening centralized management, objectively determined by the martial law introduced in Ukraine, narrow the competence, opportunities and participation of local self-government bodies in solving urgent needs, on the other hand, are and should be temporary in nature, since decentralization power is an inevitable process for any civilized country. Therefore, the work on the development of the decentralization of power, the development of proposals for the restoration and strengthening of local self-government, the development of regions and communities after the war in Ukraine should take place today.

Organizational and legal regulation of labor migration in the Kyrgyz Republic

This article discusses the problems of internal migration, territorial population movements, the need for legal regulation and management of migration flows. To reduce the outflow of population from rural areas to cities and the most industrially developed regions. The problems of unregulated labor migration and prospects for coordinating the activities of the state are also considered.

Legal particularities of AI technology usage in real-world data formation

In recent decades, technological progress has contributed to a consistent change in approaches to organizing the provision of medical care in various regions of the world. Electronic data-gathering systems make it possible to create extensive information databases about the health status of the population of certain territories or entire states. The introduction of technological solutions based on the use of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies makes it possible to provide a systematic analysis of large volumes of information, as well as to develop new treatment methods of life-threatening diseases. The use of AI technologies not only has significant potential for improving the organization of medical care, but also brings essential risks of human rights restriction, it may also form discriminatory practices or even cause harm to health. The authors demonstrate the importance of AI technologies in improving separate stages of medical care and the circulation of healthcare technologies, and also present various approaches to defining the notion of “artificial intelligence”, that is a crucial element in specifying the object of legal regulation. The article systematizes the list of threats and challenges to human security associated with the use of AI technologies. The development of legal regulation of this sphere at the national (United States of America) and supranational (European Union) levels is analyzed, and also the main directions of development of this field in the Russian Federation are presented.

APPROACHES TO THE CLASSIFICATION AND REGISTRATION OF LAND USE LIMITATIONS

Recently, the mechanism of establishing restrictions on land use as a regulator of ensuring favourable conditions for the life of the population and sustainable development of territories has gained significant importance. One of the common areas of application of this mechanism is the restriction of certain types of activities in territories or individual land plots that cause negative consequences. An important direction of any research is classification, which is an effective tool for systematization and allows grouping the object of study according to certain criteria or characteristics. In the paper, an analysis of the variety of restrictions on land use was carried out, their aggregation and structuring was carried out according to various characteristics, taking into account legal, spatial, social, economic and ecological aspects. During the research, methods of analysis and synthesis, comparison and system methods were used. The classification of land use restrictions is proposed depending on various classification features that determine the difficulty of their establishment and subsequent compliance by the population. The main factors that determine the difficulty of their establishment and subsequent compliance by the population are: features of the object of restriction, the presence of a regime-forming object and its characteristics, the degree of certainty by regulatory and legal acts, grounds for establishment, spatial dimension, term of validity, ownership rights to land plots in the area of restriction, access mode, beneficiaries of restrictions, changes in the value of land, the method of entering information about restrictions on land use into the State Land Cadastre. The results of the study illustrate the need for further determination of the impact of restrictions on social, economic, and environmental aspects of territorial development.

Detection of antibodies to the hepatitis E virus in domestic reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia).

Although domestic pigs and wild boars are the main reservoir of zoonotic hepatitis E virus (HEV) genotypes in temperate countries, the presence of antibodies to HEV (anti-HEV) in the indigenous population of circumpolar territories, i.e. outside the habitat of wild and domestic pigs, indicates the presence of an alternative reservoir of the virus. Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) may be a potential reservoir for HEV in the polar regions. The purpose of the study was to determine the prevalence of anti-HEV among domestic reindeer in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). Sera from 497 domestic reindeer from the Oymyakon (n = 425) and Ust-Yansky districts (n = 72) of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) were tested for anti-HEV. A commercial ELISA kit DS-ELISA-ANTI-HEV-G (Diagnostic Systems-Stolitsa LLC, Russia) was used for detection of anti-HEV IgG, but a rabbit polyclonal antibody against deer IgG labeled with horseradish peroxidase (KPL, USA) at a dilution of 1 : 100 in phosphate-buffered saline were used instead of the human specific conjugate from the kit. The average detection rate of anti-HEV in reindeer sera was 15.5% (95% CI: 12.6-19.0%). The detection rate of anti-HEV significantly increased with age, from 3.5% (95% CI: 1.1-9.0%) in calves aged 3-6 months to 25.0% (95% CI: 1.6 -36.5%) in deer aged 2-4 years (p < 0.0001). From this age group, anti-HEV detection rates reached a plateau, not differing significantly between older age groups (p > 0.05). The average anti-HEV detection rate among reindeer 2 years of age and older was 19.0% (95% CI: 15.3-23.4%). There were no statistically significant differences in the frequency of anti-HEV detection between female and male reindeer, both among adult animals and among calves. The observed anti-HEV detection rates among domestic reindeer in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) indicate that infection caused by HEV or an antigenically similar virus is common in these animals. The dynamics of antibody accumulation in the reindeer population indicates that infection apparently occurs during the first two years of life.

Развитие аквакультуры северных и арктических территорий: проблемы и пути решения (на примере Архангельской области)

The relevance of this study is due to the need to develop and implement in regional practice effective management decisions that promote the development of fish farms and increase aquaculture pro-duction. Since fish farming (aquaculture) is one of the structural components of the fishery complex, the authors pay attention to both the peculiarities of its development in the conditions of the North and the Arctic, and the specifics of economic activity in the field of aquaculture projects. The article presents the results of a survey of the population of the Arctic territories of the Arkhangelsk Oblast on the consumption of fish and fish products, which allowed establishing various consumer profiles of preferences depending on their age category, as well as to identify the main reasons constraining the consumption of fish and fish products (among which: high price, availability of low-quality products in retail outlets, the lack of ability and desire to cook among the younger generation). Based on the results of expert interviews with producers of fish and fish products, as well as with representatives of the scientific community and authorities of the Arkhangelsk Oblast, a problem matrix was compiled and the necessary activities were identified to address key issues of the development of aquaculture projects in the region.