Territorial Perspective Research Articles

Cartografiar las marcas: intervenciones, disputas y transgresiones en el Espacio para la Memoria ex-ESMA

En este artículo analizamos los procesos por los que los distintos actores sociales que gestionan el Espacio para la Memoria (ex ESMA) instalaron los primeros dispositivos visuales dentro y en las inmediaciones del predio en su conversión a sitio de memoria. Estas intervenciones son analizadas en tanto modos en que se entrelazan las marcas territoriales con los usos del lugar, entendiendo a estas prácticas como configuradoras de disputas sobre los usos del predio y su apropiación material. A través de su análisis es posible comprender cómo se semantiza el lugar, qué se intenta comunicar a través de ellas, qué organismos las gestionan y qué dinámicas institucionales se activan en el predio para su realización. A la vez que su estudio nos da algunas pautas de cómo se distribuye espacialmente el poder dentro del predio, ya que, desde una perspectiva territorial, la colocación de marcas muestra la organización espacial del predio, sus conflictos, superposiciones y disputas. Entre las marcas abordadas se encuentran las primeras carteleras informativas, murales, sténcils, muestras, monumentos y arquitecturas disruptivas que se instalan como verdaderos dispositivos de mediación memorial.

A Territory-Oriented Approach to Operationilize Sustainable Management

Sustainable science ultimately seeks to minimize the negative impact of human activities on nature, however its role is regarded as limited, chiefly because it lacks a robust spatial framework to join ecological and social processes. Space, from a territorial perspective, is the result of historical interactions between socio-economic forces governing access to natural resources. This paper provides a territorial-oriented approach to improve land use policy from a spatially explicit perspective. We develop a novel approach, namely ‘Territorial Configuration’ implying the dissection of the geographic continuum into territorial conglomerates. These are delimited by a range of meaningfully socio-histori calliaisonen compassing a clear understanding of how space is controlled by space holders trigging proximal and underlying governing processes. We discuss how the territorial configuration facilitates overcoming pending issues inland use policy, such as, ecological and geographical articulation, legitimate decision-making process, and increase of certainty on the subject of management among others.

Le dinamiche occupazionali in italia alla luce di classificazioni non standard di geografie funzionali

The contribution analyses recent Italian employment dynamics using non-standard territorial classifications obtained as an aggregation of functional geographies: Local Labour Market Areas (LLMAs). The non-standard classifications used, proposed by Istat, are socio- demographic, by cultural vocation and according to the prevailing productive specialization. The aim is to ascertain whether these territorial perspectives allow spatial continuity and discontinuity to emerge in the dynamics of the labour market, which would otherwise be entangled in the administrative divisions. The observation period is 2008-2017, treated in two sub-periods: 2008-2013 and 2014-2017 (pre- and post-crisis). The results obtained show the importance of approaching new territorial classifications for the study of socio-economic phenomena that allow to go beyond the results that normally emerge using classic administrative geographies.

Composición y cambio de los comportamientos sociodemográficos en España en los inicios de una Segunda Transición Demográfica

La tipología familiar y las principales variables que registran la dinámica natural han experimentado grandes cambios desde los años ochenta del pasado siglo, mostrando nuevos comportamientos que, unidos a la importancia de los flujos migratorios exteriores, responden a los parámetros de la denominada Segunda Transición Demográfica. Analizar la intensidad de estas transformaciones y los diferentes ritmos que han seguido desde una perspectiva territorial a escala provincial y municipal son los objetivos del presente trabajo, para lo que se ha recurrido a una amplia revisión de las fuentes estadísticas disponibles desde 1985 y a su plasmación cartográfica, resaltando los contrastes provinciales y las particularidades de los ámbitos urbano y rural. Partiendo del estudio del comportamiento nupcial y del incremento de la divorcialidad, así como de la creciente importancia de nuevos modelos familiares, se ha constado la pérdida de relevancia del crecimiento natural frente al saldo migratorio en la evolución reciente de la población, confirmando la consolidación de un régimen demográfico cuyas principales variables definitorias son ya similares a las registradas en Europa occidental.

Análisis territorial del desempleo por género en la Comunidad de Madrid durante la crisis (2008-2014)

Desde hace décadas la problemática de género ha cobrado un notable protagonismo, pero hay una escasez de estudios que aborden la cuestión del género en el ámbito territorial, y más en el contexto temporal actual de profunda crisis económica. En esta contribución se estudian las características y evolución del desempleo según género en La Comunidad de Madrid en el periodo 2008-2014. El trabajo se divide en dos partes: en la primera se estudia la caracterización del desempleo según género en relación con algunas variables sociodemográficas. En la segunda se adopta una perspectiva espacial: se reconocen las diferencias intermunicipales en el ritmo de crecimiento del paro de hombres y mujeres durante los últimos años y también los patrones de distribución espacial por género en la Comunidad de Madrid. Por último, se aplican técnicas de análisis estadístico espacial que permiten detectar estructuras espaciales del desempleo femenino y su comparación con el caso de los hombres. Los resultados confirman que, a pesar de haber descendido la brecha de género en el desempleo, persisten grandes diferencias espaciales.

Managing a tourism destination as a viable complex system. The case of Arbatax Park

The aim of the paper is to propose a view of territory based on a systems perspective, in order to identify the levers on which to act to improve, particularly, a tourism destination value. The theoretical approach adopted herein is based on systems theory and, in particular, on the conceptualizations of the Viable Systems Approach (vSa). Starting from the definition of the elements that mostly effect the development of a specific territory, our contribution proposes an integrated approach to a tourism destination with the aim of enhancing the complex of resources that are included within a specific territory in order to increase its potential cultural value and viability. The focus is on the development of tourism in the Sardinia Region, where Arbatax Park represents a case study that offers interesting insights into the relevance of a shift in the territory perspective, specifically when the area is referred to as a tourism destination.

Evaluación del desempeño docente en Chile y México

La evaluación del desempeño docente es una estrategia recomendada por organismos internacionales para alinear los sistemas educativos bajo principios de mercado. A partir de su instalación los países son conminados a re-configurar espacios en los cuales profesores, especialistas, organismos privados y públicos interactúan con disímiles grados de poder. Sin embargo, los estudios sobre sus resultados centran las responsabilidades a nivel individual obviando enfoques comparativos regionales. Este artículo argumenta cómo su implementación en Chile y México adquiere y requiere de particular atención. El objetivo ha sido describir su evolución, así como sus convergencias en distintos niveles de concreción. A partir de puntos críticos se discuten sus supuestos e intereses no evidentes. Los resultados refieren a consecuencias en términos de sus limitaciones para comprender las prácticas que se construyen en las escuelas. Las conclusiones abogan por el desarrollo de miradas territoriales comprehensivas para el diseño de estas políticas.

“It's All under Christianity”: Religious Territories in Kenya

Abstract This article presents key features of Kenyan Christianity's process of Pentecostalization, emphasizing the phenomenon's dual dynamic of homogenization and fragmentation. Against the backdrop of this inherent dynamism, we introduce the religious territory perspective, which we present as actual and discursive arrangements of (il)legitimate religious practice. The borders of these territories are self-fashioned, and may be redrawn from one moment to the next or over long stretches of time. We argue that the demarcation of such religious territories reveals people's unique conception of their religious environment and their own positionality therein. We thus emphasize the intertwining of moral legitimization and actual practice, and the performative aspect of the discursive presentation of such inner religious geographies.

Post-communist Romanian migration patterns: dynamics and territorial perspectives

Post-communist Romanian migration patterns: dynamics and territorial perspectives

Strengthening Australian Aboriginal Participation in University STEM Programs: A Northern Territory Perspective

ABSTRACTThe broad discipline of Science, Technology, Engineering and Maths (STEM) has become a global focus for education and employment. Currently, Indigenous students are less likely to engage in STEM programs and careers than in other disciplines such as education, health, social sciences and arts. In Australia, schools and tertiary institutions are investigating opportunities to increase Indigenous participation in STEM. In 2016, the XE Maths project documented a series of six case studies of diverse Australian tertiary programs focussed on increasing Indigenous participation in STEM [Paige et al. 2016. Strengthening Indigenous Participation and Practice in STEM: University Initiatives for Equity and Excellence. Magill: University of South Australia]. This paper documents Charles Darwin University's initiatives, including the Whole of Community Engagement program, which provides pathways and enabling supports to potential university students across six very remote communities in the Northern Territory. Capacity within communities, a long-term commitment and vision, and culturally responsive approaches such as both-ways STEM education are identified as central to increasing remote Indigenous community engagement with tertiary-level STEM.

SOMATOTYPOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTIC OF THE REPRESENTATIVES OF DIFFERENT AGE PERIODS AND ITS IMPORTANCE IN SPORTS ORIENTATION

Aim. The study was designed for the theoretical analysis of the somatotypological characteristics of people of the second childhood, adolescent, youthful and mature age periods and their importance for sports orientation.Materials and methods.In course of the theoretical analysis, the search was performed in Scopus, eLIBRARY and PubMed databases using the keywords “somatotype”, “morphometry”, “somatometry”.Results. The presented materials are considered from the ecological, geographical, ethnical and territorial perspectives that have a significant impact on the constitutional heterogeneity of the population. The features of the somatotypological characteristics of boys and girls participating in various sports are being specified. Concluding the analysis of the literature, it can be stated that in a number of studies, certain ratios of the main body types were observed in healthy individuals of various ethnical and territorial groups. However, upon closer acquaintance with this material, significant contradictions are revealed regarding the nature and the degree of manifestation of these shifts, and, in some cases, even mutually exclusive statements are made.Conclusion. In view of the above, it is possible to conclude that further systematic study of these issues is needed.

A perspective of counter-hegemonic analysis and territorial transformation

Abstract. This paper shows the results from my research trajectory and my collaboration in cooperative projects with economically disadvantaged people of the urban periphery of Francisco Beltrão (Brazil). I initially reflect on the relevance of an analysis of urban social movements, asking how current urban conflicts can be understood from a territorial perspective. I will first develop a specific definition of territory, which seeks to become operative in collaboration with diverse subjects and in the analysis of territorial development based on the place. Such a conceptualization of territory provides a territorial analysis furthering transformation towards a fairer, solidary, and ecological society. I show how this fairer society emerges in a multidimensional way, emanating from the processes of territorialization, deterritorialization, and reterritorialization. Finally, by linking these processes with the current processes of territorial development (in research, analysis, and active participation), this study contributes to a more dialogical and counter-hegemonic perspective, especially in relation to Latin America.

Health status of the population in the Republic of Moldova: a territorial perspective

One of the main components of the population quality is health. This study approaches health from the geodemographic point of view, in order to emphasize the population quality aspects. The progressive analysis of the demographic population health indicators points out the causes of increasing or decreasing population health. The territorial analysis highlights the districts where the population health is lower or higher. So there can be outlined some causes at the regional and local levels. This research could be used for the elaboration of some demographic policies in order to improve or keep a high level of the population’s health in the Republic of Moldova. The population health is a necessity for the economic development of the country. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15551/lsgdc.v46i2.09

Scale alignment: on the role of material culture for urban design

Globalisation has led to the transformation and proliferation of urban borders. Old hierarchies and relations between centres and sub-centres and centres and peripheries are challenged, and new alliances between different places and districts are formed. How can urban design and urban design research meet the challenges of a complex and quickly transforming multi-scalar society? In this article I make three arguments. First, I argue for a territorial perspective that would allow us to better acknowledge how actors of different scales come together and have effects on the level of urban design. Second, I argue that we need to better acknowledge the role of material culture in research on urban design; whereas urban design often benefits from the large-scale perspective of urban morphology, it seldom incorporates the roles of small-scale objects into studies. Finally, I argue that an important task for researchers in urban design is to see how actors of different scales are aligned, and through this alignment produce effects and changes in the ways in which our cities are used.

The Yarumos Eco-Park: Evaluation of its Current Situation with Emphasis on Territorial Accessibility

The conservation and preservation of sustainable environmental spaces, fosters the integral development of the population, therefore, in this investigation the current situation analysis of Los Yarumos eco-park in Manizales, Colombia, is addressed, taking in account the current challenges, from the interior of the eco-park, aerial tramway, as well as from the territorial accessibility perspective; through the usage of computing tools (ArcMap, Microsoft Excel), facilitating mechanisms for the recovering and repowering of the ecological center. The applied methodology considers the restructuration of the city’s traffic network, along with the location and construction of the accessibility turns to the eco-park, complemented with socioeconomic variables for the coverage evaluation.

Estado regulador y alojamiento colaborativo. El régimen de la intervención pública limitadora de la prestación del servicio

Collaborative tourism, with its impacts on space and the urban environment, on the one hand, and on the principles of freedom of enterprise, free competition and guarantee of market unity, on the other, constitutes an activity that can not be left aside of regulation. The safeguarding of the city as a harmonious and sustainable coexistence space, from the social and environmental point of view, inevitably requires intervention regimes adapted to the new reality of the phenomenon, whose regulation can not fail to address issues specific to urban planning, the management of territory or housing policy, such as the confi guration of neighborhoods or areas where the off er is concentrated -by means of zoning-, the provision of adequate infrastructures or the sufficient off er of rent or housing at a reasonable price to the resident population. Along with the territorial perspective, there is another, no less important one, which aff ects, on the one hand, the new intermediary channels through which the collaborative housing is articulated, the marketplaces, and, on the other, the new role of the providers of the accommodation service, the “peers” and the “professional services providers”. It is the perspective of economic activity and the rights and freedoms of citizens, whose impact on market unity is evident.

How can integrated valuation of ecosystem services help understanding and steering agroecological transitions?

Agroecology has been proposed as a promising concept to foster the resilience and sustainability of agroecosystems and rural territories. Agroecological practices are based on optimizing ecosystem services (ES) at the landscape, farm, and parcel scales. Recent progress in research on designing agroecological transitions highlights the necessity for coconstructed processes that draw on various sources of knowledge based on shared concepts. But despite the sense of urgency linked to agroecological transitions, feedbacks from real-world implementation remain patchy. The ability of integrated and participatory ES assessments to support this transition remains largely underexplored, although their potential to enhance learning processes and to build a shared territorial perspective is widely recognized. The overarching question that will be asked in this paper is thus: what is the potential of the ES framework to support the understanding and steering of agroecological transitions ? We argue that conducting collaborative and integrated assessments of ES bundles can increase our understanding of the ecological and social drivers that support a transition toward agroecological systems, and help design agroecological systems based on ES delivery and effectively accompany transition management based on shared knowledge, codesigned future objectives, and actual on-the-ground implementation. In this paper, we discuss this question and propose a four-step integrated ES assessment framework specifically targeted at understanding and steering agricultural transitions that is generic enough to be applied in different contexts.

Inundaciones urbanas. Mapas de riesgo y lineamientos de ordenamiento territorial en la región del gran La Plata

Se aborda la problemática de las inundaciones urbanas, partiendo de entender que los conflictos hídricos son de naturaleza multicausal, pero que preponderantemente responden a los efectos del cambio climático. En La Plata, Berisso y Ensenada (Gran La Plata), han sido múltiples los eventos en los últimos cien años. Pero en la década pasada se han agudizado, hasta llegar al evento del 2 y 3 de abril del 2013 con una precipitación extraordinaria de 400 mm, lloviendo 313mm en 6 horas, cuando lo ordinario para el mes de abril es 111mm, dejando un resultado catastrófico de 89 muertes. La estrategia metodológica reconoció dos escalas de análisis: la primera, incorporo las Cuencas de los tres Partidos; y la segunda, las Cuencas de los Arroyos del Gato y Maldonado en la ciudad de La Plata. La herramienta utilizada para el manejo de datos, procesamiento y análisis ha sido el Sistema de Información Grafica.

Asociaciones africanas en Cataluña: fortalezas y debilidades

La evolución del fenómeno migratorio en España ha comportado, entre otras cuestiones, el continuo crecimiento de organizaciones creadas por inmigrantes. Este aumento se produce, por una parte, por el interés de los propios africanos y, por otra, por la voluntad que tienen los representantes de las administraciones de generar interlocutores que faciliten el contacto con los inmigrantes. Asimismo son fundamentales las posiciones que adoptan las diferentes políticas (estatales y autonómicas) al condicionar los papeles que desempeñan las asociaciones de inmigrantes. Este estudio[1] en cuya realización se ha empleado metodología cualitativa (entrevistas en profundidad) con una perspectiva territorial abarca toda Cataluña, centra el objeto de estudio en la inmigración y el asociacionismo de los inmigrantes africanos y, más particularmente, en as necesidades que tienen y en las demandas que dirigen a instituciones públicas y privadas.
 
 
 [1] Este estudio forma parte del proyecto I + D dirigido por Jordi Garreta (UdL), titulado “Asociacionismo e inmigración africana: funciones latentes y manifiestas” financiado por el Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (CSO2008-01122/SOCI) y centrado en las comunidades de Cataluña, Valencia y Navarra. Se pueden consultar los resultados completos del trabajo en el Monográfico “Asociacionismo e Inmigración” (2013) de la Revista Internacional de Sociología (RIS).
 

El agroecoturismo: un enfoque territorial del turismo en espacios rurales y naturales

El presente trabajo tiene como propósito realizar un acercamiento al concepto del agroecoturismo como tipología turística en espacios rurales y analizar las características del agroecoturismo desde un enfoque de territorial. Se hizo uso de un tipo de estudio documental a partir de la revisión bibliográfica de la literatura en la materia del turismo rural y del turismo en espacios naturales, y de enfoque territorial. En lo expuesto se presenta el agroecoturismo como una opción de descanso y recreación que puede realizarse en espacios rurales y naturales, dentro de lo que se conoce como turismo alternativo. Se llega a la conclusión de que este enfoque del turismo rural, reúne los elementos territoriales para ofrecer al turista un producto enmarcado en los principios y dimensiones sociales, económicas y ambientales del desarrollo sostenible. El agroecoturismo, puede fungir como un eje articulador que potencia el desarrollo endógeno de las comunidades locales, contribuye a la conservación del medio ambiente e impulsa la diversificación de ingresos en zonas rurales, susceptibles a los riesgos de los mercados agrícolas, donde las explotaciones agropecuarias y los atributos naturales presentes, pueden conformar una oferta atractiva de turismo.