Territorial Management Research Articles

The Tourist and Recreational Potential of Cross-Border Regions of Russia and Kazakhstan during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Estimation of the Current State and Possible Risks

The development of tourism is associated with numerous risks that have a direct and indirect impact on the realization of tourist and recreational potential. In recent years, in addition to internal risks, the importance of external environmental risks (geopolitical and epidemiological) has increased. The COVID-19 pandemic is one of the foremost of these risks, and its effects on the development of regional tourism demands attention. The purpose of the study is to estimate the level of tourist and recreational potential of cross-border regions of the Russian Federation and Kazakhstan, and the possible risks during the COVID-19 pandemic. After the breakup of the USSR, one of the longest land borders in the world was established between Russia and Kazakhstan. The geographical scope of the study includes 12 constituent entities of the Russian Federation and 7 regions of Kazakhstan. Information posted on statistical portals, data from geographical atlases, and specialized websites of the executive authorities were used as the materials for the study. The tourist and recreational potential of the regions of the Russian Federation and Kazakhstan was estimated by the scorecard method, with the assignment of weight coefficients to indicators included in four main clusters: Natural Factors, Cultural and Historical Factors, Social and Economic Factors, and Infrastructure Support of Tourism. Additionally, the experience of studying risks associated with tourism development during the pandemic was summarized. The conclusions reached are indicative of different levels of tourism and recreational potential in cross-border regions of the Russian Federation and Kazakhstan, and the inconsistency of the industry’s structure. It was found that the COVID-19 pandemic had increased the number of risks for the realization of tourism and recreational potential, which must be taken into account when making management decisions. The authorities of cross-border regions can use the results of the research to adjust tourism policy under the current restrictions and increased global risks. The application of mechanisms and methods of territorial planning and management will depend on the level of tourism and recreational potential. For regions with high and above-average potential, the emphasis should be on participation in federal projects, the development of cluster initiatives, and the application of a diversification strategy. Regions with medium and low potential should focus on the domestic tourist flow, develop inter-regional cooperation, and focus on the strategy of gaining a competitive advantage.

The Epidemiological Situation of the Managed Honey Bee (Apis mellifera) Colonies in the Italian Region Emilia-Romagna.

Simple SummaryThe collapse of honey bee colonies is an important phenomenon worldwide. The individual and synergic actions of pathogens are one of the causes of this decline. Monitoring programs are essential to understand and prevent the epidemiological patterns that are involved. The present study aimed to investigate the health status of honey bees in the Emilia–Romagna region (northern Italy) during the year 2021, on workers from 31 apiaries. The prevalence and abundance of DWV, KBV, ABPV, CBPV, Nosema ceranae, and trypanosomatids (Lotmaria passim, Crithidia mellificae, Crithidia bombi) were investigated four times in the year using molecular methods. Trypanosomatids were not found in any of the samples, while DWV, CBPV and N. ceranae were the most prevalent pathogens. Pathogens had different peaks in abundance over the months, showing seasonal trends related to the dynamics of both bee colonies and Varroa destructor infestation. The results of this study suggest that the monitoring program could be useful to understand the dynamics of honey bee pathogens.The recent decades witnessed the collapse of honey bee colonies at a global level. The major drivers of this collapse include both individual and synergic pathogen actions, threatening the colonies’ survival. The need to define the epidemiological pattern of the pathogens that are involved has led to the establishment of monitoring programs in many countries, Italy included. In this framework, the health status of managed honey bees in the Emilia–Romagna region (northern Italy) was assessed, throughout the year 2021, on workers from 31 apiaries to investigate the presence of major known and emerging honey bee pathogens. The prevalence and abundance of DWV, KBV, ABPV, CBPV, Nosema ceranae, and trypanosomatids (Lotmaria passim, Crithidia mellificae, Crithidia bombi) were assessed by molecular methods. The most prevalent pathogen was DWV, followed by CBPV and N. ceranae. Trypanosomatids were not found in any of the samples. Pathogens had different peaks in abundance over the months, showing seasonal trends that were related to the dynamics of both bee colonies and Varroa destructor infestation. For some of the pathogens, a weak but significant correlation was observed between abundance and geographical longitude. The information obtained in this study increases our understanding of the epidemiological situation of bee colonies in Emilia–Romagna and helps us to implement better disease prevention and improved territorial management of honey bee health.

River contracts in north‐east Italy: Water management or participatory processes?

AbstractRiver contracts (RCs) are voluntary agreements between stakeholders for managing water bodies and involve participatory, evidence‐based action plans. Increasingly, European authorities recognise that effective water policies require bottom‐up, inclusive decision‐making. Despite widely held assumptions about the benefits of including stakeholders in river basin management and encouraging participatory mechanisms of decision‐making, the growing rhetoric about the need for public engagement implies that this ‘new’ paradigm of water management remains filled with ambiguities. Adopting ethnographic methods and drawing on a variety of primary and secondary sources, this paper analyses three RCs in the Friuli Venezia Giulia region of Italy. These case studies reveal the potential for RCs as tools not only for water management, but also for increasing stakeholder involvement through place‐making activities conceived as potential hydrophilic encounters. In order to understand whether RCs contribute to a fluvial sense of place, we looked at the effects of top‐down versus participatory processes. We asked whether RCs were considered participatory processes designed to achieve a co‐designed outcome or simply territorial management projects that objectify the river as something to be developed. We found that ratifying an RC was not, in itself, proof of an effective process; rather the nature and quality of an RC was determined by the degree and type of participation. We contend that participatory events and sharing information are not sufficient in themselves to achieve the active involvement of all stakeholders. We argue that the best framework for enabling place‐making and enhancing a sense of place is to develop RCs within a process that includes a high degree of participation. This enables citizens to shift from simply being passive recipients of plans to becoming effective territorial actors.

Place attachment in stigmatized settings: a study based on community experience in Costa Rica (Apego al lugar en contextos estigmatizados: un estudio desde la experiencia comunitaria en Costa Rica)

ABSTRACT Research into place attachment theory has traditionally focused on the positive values associated with territories, leaving to one side the analysis of phenomena where the construction of socio-physical bonds is marked by ambivalence, as in the case of territorial stigma. With a view to contributing further information to existing knowledge on this topic, the research presented here aims to explore the dimensions involved in place attachment in relation to stigmatized urban communities in Costa Rica. This study applies a qualitative approach, carrying out interviews and applying participatory mapping. The results have been grouped into five dimensions and three maps, which show that place attachment in the communities studied here is marked by socio-affective bonds, the socio-demographic characteristics of their residents, urban centrality, territorial management and criminality. Based on the information generated, we conclude that place attachment is a complex phenomenon and is shaped by socio-political attributes that require more in-depth exploration.

Polycentricity of daily urban systems: A misconceived concept and buzzword in ‘metropolitan’ planning practice

Spatial planning practice is increasingly facing the challenge of managing the complexity of daily urban systems. As a normatively defined spatial imaginary, the concept of polycentricity has become widely used in planning practice in order to mitigate territorial disparities and to enhance urban competitiveness. Although polycentricity has been thoroughly studied as an analytical concept for understanding the dynamics of urban networks, the operationalization of the concept in planning practice has not yet been subjected to critical evaluation, despite recent metropolitan planning practices signalling a misunderstanding of the basic principles of polycentricity. Based on a case study of Czech metropolitan areas, this article addresses the question: Are there any shortcomings related to the operationalization of a normatively defined polycentric vision of spatial development at the level of metropolitan planning agendas? Using a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods, the study compares different spatial settings of metropolitan areas with spatial visions defined by planning and policy documents. The findings point to several limitations related to a missing link between spatial reality and planning agendas, the weak operationalization of polycentricity, and scale-related miscomprehension. In order to translate the polycentric narrative into planning practice more efficiently, we will argue for a strengthening and formalization of metropolitan planning agendas and a more intensive interconnection of theoretical knowledge with territorial management.

EDUCATION CHARTERS: INSTRUMENTS OF WHAT?

This article is the second in a line of research entitled "Instruments for territorial management", which seeks to analyse the use and valuation, by municipalities, of instruments such as the Municipal Master Plan (MP), the Educational Charter (EC), the Municipal Civil Protection Plans and also the identification of existing participation instruments in the different municipalities. In the present case, we seek to know practices and perceptions about the Educational Charter through the analysis of 44 Educational Charters and by conducting interviews with municipal representatives about this instrument for territorial management. The data collected indicate that, despite the explanation about the importance of this document, it is, in many municipalities, completely out of date and, probably, of no use. There seems to be, currently, a perspective that it should contemplate other educational dynamics than those of formal education and that it is essential to contemplate its connection to other territorial management instruments in the sense of an effective implementation of municipal educational policies considering an integrated territorial vision.

Distribution and Structure Analysis of Mountain Permafrost Landscape in Orulgan Ridge (Northeast Siberia) Using Google Earth Engine

An analysis of the landscape spatial structure and diversity in the mountain ranges of Northeast Siberia is essential to assess how tundra and boreal landscapes may respond to climate change and anthropogenic impacts in the vast mountainous permafrost of the Arctic regions. In addition, a precise landscape map is required for knowledge-based territorial planning and management. In this article, we aimed to explore and enhanced methods to analyse and map the permafrost landscape in Orulgan Ridge. The Google Earth Engine cloud platform was used to generate vegetation cover maps based on multi-fusion classification of Sentinel 2 MSI and Landsat 8 OLI time series data. Phenological features based on the monthly median values of time series Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Green Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (GNDVI), and Normalized Difference Moisture Index (NDMI) were used to recognize geobotanical units according to the hierarchical concept of permafrost landscapes by the Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier. In addition, geomorphological variables of megarelief (mountains and river valleys) were identified using the GIS-based terrain analysis and landform classification of the ASTER GDEM scenes mosaic. The resulting environmental variables made it possible to categorize nine classes of mountain permafrost landscapes. The result obtained was compared with previous permafrost landscape maps, which revealed a significant difference in distribution and spatial structure of intrazonal valleys and mountain tundra landscapes. Analysis of the landscape structure revealed a significant distribution of classes of mountain Larix-sparse forests and tundra. Landscape diversity was described by six longitudinal and latitudinal landscape hypsometric profiles. River valleys allow boreal–taiga landscapes to move up to high-mountainous regions. The features of the landscape structure and diversity of the ridge are noted, which, along with the specific spatial organization of vegetation and relief, can be of key importance for environmental monitoring and the study of regional variability of climatic changes.

Challenges for Social Participation in Conservation in the Biocultural Landscape Area in the Western Sierra of Jalisco

The protection of biocultural heritage has generated alternative proposals for the conservation of rural areas. Varied organizations collaborate in a pioneering conservation model, the Biocultural Landscape (BL), where local participation is paramount, that operates in the Western Sierra of Jalisco. The objective of this work was to analyze social participation, conditions, and characteristics of the model based on the WWF and IUCN guidelines. Information about the context, management, and planning was collected and synthesized. The data of territorial management, conservation, knowledge, and local conflicts about participatory processes were collected from 12 stakeholders and analyzed with ATLAS.ti software. It was found that, although local people are familiar with the concept of the protected natural area and the BL model, they cannot clearly identify its objective. The most informed are the interested population that collaborates closely. There are conflicts of interest between those who collaborate directly with the BL and those who do not, which have been resolved through the active participation of the different levels of government and experts who have intervened as mediators. Environmental awareness about the importance of conservation has been achieved by integrating the communities. Given that it is not a restrictive protection model and the rules were created in conjunction with the community, local participation is encouraged.

Spatial distribution of surface chlorophyll a and micro-phytoplankton density and diversity around two islands and at two banks of the Mascarene region

The present study validated the use of AquaMODIS sea surface chlorophyll a (Chla) concentrations and investigated the spatial variation in density and diversity of micro-phytoplankton around two islands and two fishing banks of the Mascarene region. The study included areas around Mauritius (MRU) and Rodrigues (ROD) Islands, at Nazareth (NZ) Bank, and in the Joint Management Area (JMA) between the Republic of Mauritius and the Republic of Seychelles, more specifically at the Saya de Malha (SM) Bank. The AquaMODIS data were based on 67 match-up data points of in-situ against satellite Chla concentrations. The micro-phytoplankton community structure was investigated by determining the density variation and using the Shannon Wiener (H’) and Evenness (Evar) diversity indices. The satellite and in-situ Chla data were significantly and positively correlated when pooled for the four sites studied (R2 = 0.441; r = 0.642, P < 0.01), and when analysed separately for islands (R2 = 0.480; r = 0.694), and banks (R2 = 0.233; r = 0.483). However, the Chla satellite values tended to be lower than the in-situ Chla data. The highest densities of micro-phytoplankton were observed in the eastern and northern regions for MRU and ROD, respectively. The most dominant genera of micro-phytoplankton were Coscinodiscus, Navicula, Chaetoceros and Ceratium. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index values for diatoms were all above 2.5 with waters around the islands having higher diversity compared to the banks. Overall, the different micro-phytoplankton around the islands, except for the group of cyanobacteria at ROD Island, were more evenly distributed (Evar > 0.6) compared to the banks. This study indicated that AquaMODIS Chla satellite data is valid and may be potentially used as a proxy for in-situ Chla concentration on the Mascarene Plateau. The results of this study also provide detailed insight into the spatial variation in micro-phytoplankton density and diversity on the Mascarene Plateau in the Western Indian Ocean. Further long-term studies are warranted to thoroughly understand the temporal (including seasonal and inter-annual) variations in Chla and micro-phytoplankton distribution for adequate and appropriate management of these ocean territories.

The Role and Importance of Territorial Marketing in the Development and Arrangement of Tourist Destinations

In the contemporary conditions, territorial marketing is based on the innovatory understanding of roles and functions of territorial management bodies and it supports representatives of executive power to effectively manage territorial sources, fully and completely satisfy citizens’, tourists’, businessmen’s and different clients’ requirements and meet their needs. Thus, the attractiveness of the area for living and doing business is increasing tremendously. At a particular stage, the tourism industry becomes the main "consumer" of territorial marketing and, particularly, of place branding ideas. It is significant for any territory to create a favorable image in the external space in order to attract the maximum number of tourists, that surely leads to the improvement of both economic and political positions of the territory. If in a certain area there are unique natural objects, historical cultural attractions, etc., so, the place has tourist potential and proper efforts are needed to develop and realize this potential. To say simply, that is territory marketing. In order to study how the principles of territorial marketing are used in the planning and development of tourist destinations in Kutaisi, a marketing research was performed at Akaki Tsereteli State University, using the proper questionnaire survey method. 136 respondents were interviewed. Respondents were chosen based on the statistical methods, both on the principle of probability and non-probability sampling. The interviewing process of the respondents was conducted throughout Kutaisi. Based on the research, in conclusion, that territorial marketing ensures consideration of the interests of citizens of the territory in the process of managing the territory, which creates prerequisites for effective management and also allows evaluating the quality of the executive authority's activities. Territorial product is a set of values that exist in the form of specific products and services that are produced and available for consumption at the given moment, that is an effective tool for tourism development. Keywords: tourist potential, territorial marketing, management, image, tourist industry.

MAIN FACTORS AND SIGNS OF PSYCHOGRAPHIC SEGMENTATION IN TERRITROIAL MARKETING

The article is devoted to the consideration of the interaction between the management of territories and segmentation of consumers. Tools and methods for segmenting the target audience when creating a brand of a territory or when influencing the political market with information. The VALS and VALS 2 models discussed in the article are relevant, including for creating, maintaining or changing public attitudes towards specific political figures, parties or movements. The article allows you to expand knowledge about effective methods for highlighting the consumer segment to develop the most adaptive marketing promotion strategy and the most optimal way to promote a political product, with the least amount of costs. The materials of the article can also be useful for studying various types of consumer behavior from a psychological point of view.

A INTEGRAÇÃO DAS POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS PNPDEC, PNRH, LDNSB ATRAVÉS DOS SEUS INSTRUMENTOS NA REDUÇÃO DOS RISCOS DE DESASTRES HIDROLÓGICOS COM ÊNFASE NO NÍVEL MUNICIPAL

Atualmente já parece ser um consenso que os esforços e recursos destinados ao enfrentamento aos desastres requerem a articulação de diversos setores e por consequência de diferentes políticas públicas. O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a integração das políticas (Política Nacional de Proteção e Defesa Civil - PNPDEC, Política Nacional de Recursos Hídricos – PNRH, e Lei Diretrizes Nacionais para o Saneamento Básico – LDNSB), na redução dos desastres hidrológicos. Considerando estudos que já foram desenvolvidos acerca deste assunto, e como forma de dar continuidade às avaliações, na escala municipal, este estudo referiu-se aos instrumentos de Florianópolis como forma de materialização destas políticas (Plano Municipal de Redução de Riscos- PMRR, Plano Municipal de Contingência – PMC, Plano Diretor – PD e Plano Municipal Integrado de Saneamento Básico – PMISB). A PNPDEC serviu como referência para as ações de enfrentamento aos desastres. Através da metodologia de análise de conteúdo foram identificados os temas abordados nesta política que foram relacionados com cada instrumento PMRR e PMC, PD, PMISB, o que possibilitou a identificação de interfaces. As interfaces verificadas entre os instrumentos mostraram-se alinhadas às identificadas entre as políticas, em consonância com o que já tinha sido apontado nos estudos que subsidiaram esta pesquisa. As questões afetas à gestão territorial e a bacia hidrográfica como unidade de planejamento se mostraram importantes interfaces e possíveis caminhos à integração das políticas públicas.

SUBSTANTIATION OF PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF HOUSING CONSTRUCTION IN RURAL AREAS

Intrioduction. The development of rural areas today is one of the main tasks facing authorities at all levels. The complex of projects and programs aimed at achieving this goal includes, among other things, the creation of a comfortable living environment in rural areas. The priority direction in this area is the problem of stimulating housing construction and, accordingly, providing rural residents with favorable living conditions, including both housing and engineering infrastructure, as well as the surrounding space, accessibility of social facilities. The solution of this problem will contribute to improving the quality of life in rural areas, attracting highly qualified personnel, including young people, and creating a favorable image of rural areas as a whole. The aim of the work is to develop a common decision-making mechanism to stimulate housing construction in rural areas, taking into account both general economic trends and influencing factors, as well as the role of rural administration, residents and business representatives. Methodology. In the course of the study of the problem of stimulating housing construction in rural areas and the development of proposals, methods of economic-statistical, abstract-logical, monographic and system analysis were used. Results. Based on the results of the study, a mechanism for the development and decision-making by authorities in the field of stimulating housing construction in rural areas is proposed. The factors determining the state of supply and demand in the rural housing construction market are identified, their impact is assessed on the example of the municipal district of the Stavropol Territory. Based on the results of the assessment of the influence of factors, a matrix of measures has been formed, which are implemented in accordance with the matrix of actions selected for the corresponding factor influencing supply and demand in the housing construction market in rural areas. Conclusions. The presented mechanism and matrix of measures will allow to qualitatively improve approaches to the management of rural territories and create conditions for the implementation of projects for the formation of a comfortable living environment in rural areas.

North–South Dialogue on Territorial Policies and Discourses: Insights for the Future of Nature Conservation

Environmental issues such as the progressive loss of biodiversity on a global scale and climate change cannot be separated from other territorial problems caused by social injustice, economic inequality, access to natural resources, gender violence and the fight for human and nature’s rights. The evaluation of biodiversity management strategies must by necessity draw on a retrospective look at the interpretation of the problem and the conceptual approach of the general territorial management policies in which they are framed. From a critical view, these approaches have different nuances depending on the historical journey, theories and main actors involved with territorial policies in different regions of the world. In this work, we apply qualitative content analysis to contrast the key concepts on which the main European territorial policies of recent decades have been based with the main guidelines of the emerging Latin American territorial perspectives. Thus, we seek to initiate a dialogue between the northern hemisphere’s globally hegemonic notions of nature, territory, biodiversity and its management and new theories and proposals from the South, whilst simultaneously contrasting both with the content of the latest Convention on Biological Biodiversity Strategic Plan 2011–2020. We conclude with some recommendations aimed at building bridges and contributing to the construction of future global conservation strategies from a critical and territorial perspective that tends towards integrating sustainability with social and environmental justice.

Farmer-led education on the Colombian Andes: Escuelas Campesinas de Agroecología as a social learning approach for post-conflict reconstruction

ABSTRACT In Colombia, nearly six decades of war have devastated the countryside and induced land-related issues that perpetuate marginalization of rural people. Although the Peace Agreement of 2016 and the Integral Rural Reform offer new prospects for resolving legacies of conflict, the reconstruction of the countryside requires participation of rural communities. Social movements advance agroecology as a suitable territorial management approach for enabling the socio-ecological reconstruction of rural areas. Escuelas Campesinas de Agroecología (ECAs) are farmer-led formative initiatives that emerge around productive, market, and political processes aimed at scaling agroecology by developing new knowledge and learning systems. This qualitative study investigates the potentialities of ECAs as a social learning strategy for empowering farmer communities confronting current post-conflict challenges. Through a systematization of experiences, the work of seven ECAs is analyzed in relation to three phenomena – problematization, social networking, and critical thinking. The different pedagogies are then scrutinized based on identity frameworks. Results evidence that the context-specific approaches of ECAs enable communities to integrate diverse epistemological knowledge into collective learning systems and move it to a broader social context through social networks. We conclude that ECAs represent a suitable approach for transforming postwar environments while facilitating the achievement of peacebuilding goals.

Systemic vulnerability of coastal territories to erosion and marine flooding: A conceptual and methodological approach applied to Brittany (France)

The attractiveness of the coasts tends to increase their exposure to erosion and marine flooding risks. This exposure is exacerbated by the effects of climate change, in particular sea level rise. To contribute to strategic thinking on the vulnerability of coastal areas, it is essential to develop, share and collectively maintain relevant knowledge on risks. This article will present the thinking behind the setting up of a coastal risks observatory in Brittany, a region located in north-western France. It relies on a conceptual approach to systemic vulnerability based on four components: hazards, assets, management, and social representations. Hazards and assets underpin the notion of risk and tend to increase the vulnerability, management tends to mitigate it, and representations can play a part in increasing or decreasing it depending on the context. To understand and analyse this system of vulnerability, our approach is based on the generation of a set of 62 indicators combined into different types of indices. A web-GIS interface was developed to navigate through and map this system of vulnerability. The difficulties associated with this type of synthetic approach will be discussed, whether they are related to data availability, to the links between scientific research and operational territorial management requirements, or to an understanding of the dynamics of all of the vulnerability components and their interactions. Ultimately, the approach developed has been successful in mobilising scientific and operational stakeholders around the co-construction of a diagnosis of territories with regard to their vulnerability to coastal risks.

SOCIAL COMMUNICATION STRATEGY THROUGH SPILL MARKET ACTIVITIES TO ACHIEVE NATIONAL SECURITY IN CIMAHI CITY

National security is the basic need of every citizen besides welfare. Oneof the ways to achieve national security is to increase the deterrence power of the community in dealing with every problem in their environment. Therefore, 15th/Kujang II Infantry Brigade strives to embody those purposes with social communication strategy through spilled market activity. Social communication development is one of several methods of Territorial Management of the Indonesian Armed Forces in the form of communication activity that is carried out effectively and sustainably. This social communication strategy is applied as a medium for socialization, as a medium for equalization of vision, mission and interpretation of media for coordination, integration, synchronization and simplication as well as a means to improve, maintain and strengthen the unity of the Indonesia Armed Forces and society in order to achieve main tasks of Indonesia Armed Forces. Yet in implementing territorial management through that social communication development, this endeavor is still not in accordance with the expected goals. Therefore, in order this spilled market activity does not seem like a common market in general, this study was conducted to analyze the social communication strategy of the 15 th /Kujang II Infrantry Brigade also the constraints in its progress through spilled market activity to embody national security in Cimahi City.In order to achieve that purpose, this research is conducted with qualitative method, depth-interview technique, passive observation and document review. This research found that social communication strategy that was conducted by 15 th /Kujang II Infantry Brigade is by educating society about social problems that occur in the society and their role in problem solving in the community. 15 th /Kujang II Infrantry Brigade also conducting territorial guidanve to the whole community that the community also plays a role in realizing national security through awareness, as it is their role as an early detection and early prevention in a society, as a form of deterrence for threats. While the constraints encountered in fostering social communication are mechanicaldisturbances, factors of interest, motivation and prejudice by the public of what isintended by 15 th /Kujang II Infantry Brigade.Keywords : National Security, Territorial Management, Social Communication, Strategy, Indonesia Armed Forces

STRATEGI PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN BINTER KODAM JAYA BERBASIS TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI DALAM MENDUKUNG KESIAPAN OPERASIONAL

Currently, Information Technology has developed very rapidly and affects all fields, including the implementation of the TNI's tasks, namely Binter. The Human Resources of Kodam Jaya requires the competency to utilize information technology. The condition of the competency Kodam Jaya of Binter and the competency to adapt for using information technology in the implementation of Binter is the object of this research with the formulation of the problems such as how is the competency of the Human Resources of Kodam Jaya in the field of information technology at this time, how are the obstacles faced in utilizing Information Technology in the implementation of Binter at Kodam Jaya and how Strategy to increase the capacity of Binter Kodam Jaya based on Information Technology to support operational readiness. The purpose of this study is to analyze the formulation of the problem using qualitative methods based on strategy theory, competency theory, information technology theory and territorial management theory to analyze the ability of territorial development in Kodam Jaya based on current information technology; the obstacles faced in utilizing information technology in the implementation of Binter at the Kodam Jaya; as well as a strategy to increase the capacity of Binter Kodam Jaya based on Information Technology to support operational readiness. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative method with data collection techniques through interviews, indirect observation, document study and FGD. The results of the study show that the ability of Kodam Jaya territorial soldiers in mastering information technology is still limited by utilizing devices to support the implementation of Binter so that a strategy is needed to overcome the obstacles faced and requires leadership transformation in the form of giving orders to the members directly. Further research is recommended to examine the problems of increasing capacity in the field of information technology for the successful implementation of Binter in supporting operational readiness.Keywords: Binter, Competency, Information Technology, Strategy Readiness

Військові дії під Ковелем за свідченнями джерел УПА (січень–березень 1944 р.)

The armed confrontation in early 1944 in the proximity of Kovel within the context of the Soviet-German war is primarily known for the local victory of three incomplete German divisions over the army corps of the first Belarusian Front of the Red Army. Main role in this episode of the World War II was played by the coordinated actions of Wehrmacht and SS units – in particular, attempts to break through of the SS panzer company under the commander of Carl Nicollusi-Lek in the surrounded Kovel, and attack of the 4thWehrmacht panzer division by Dietrich von Sauken in the city, blocked by the Red Army. The actions, which took place in January-March 1944 didn’t change the balance of power at the Eastern front. But for some time they shifted the frontline in northwestern Volyn in the advantage of the German side. Also, to some extent, this victory helped German propaganda to maintain the fighting spirit of the army (which melted uncontrollably), just like a bit later, near Warsaw in August 1944. At the same time, since the formation of the German occupation, Volhynia has become a battlefield for a number of underground organization – primarily Ukrainian and Polish. This was caused by the polyethnic nature of the former Eastern Lands of the Second Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, the specifics of the administrative management of Ukrainian territories by the Third Reich, German actions to "pacify" the local population. German side was actively promoting the incitement of ethnic hatred between Poles and Ukrainians. The latter resulted in a series of armed actions by units of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army and the Home Army (Armia Krajowa), directed against Polish and Ukrainian civil populace, respectively, in 1943. Active phase of this fight hadn’t stopped at the beginning of the following year. At that time, there were departments of UPA-North working in this region, reorganized after the Conference of military officers in 1942: from the Polish side in confrontation were involved 27th division of the Home Army and “Khlopsky’s batallions”. With the shifts of Soviet-German front line, Soviet partisans had begun to come to Volhynia, and they had an experience in confrontation both with German troops, UPA and AK.

Índice de provisión de hábitat potencial para la biodiversidad de controladores biológicos en un paisaje de interfase urbano rural en Mendoza, Argentina

Urban sprawl over agricultural landscapes generates urban-rural interfaces. The coexistence of agricultural and residential land uses can promote conflicts over the use of pesticides. In Mendoza (Argentina), the scarcity of water resources is a constraint for moving agriculture beyond irrigated areas, so it is important to improve this coexistence. In order to reduce the use of pesticides, strategies based on ecosystem functions such as biological pest control through conservation are necessary. This strategy depends on the functional biodiversity present in the landscape, especially on plant communities with the capacity to provide habitat for arthropod species, parasitoids and generalist predators. The objective of this work was to construct an index to evaluate the capacity to provide potential habitat for biological controllers (IHPB) in different areas of a landscape, in order to provide knowledge for the territorial environmental management of interface areas. The IHPB was constructed from five indicators and evaluated in the Lunlunta district (Maipú, Mendoza). The study area was classified into six landscape units (UP): Dryland natural, Riverside natural, Semi-natural, Conventional agricultural, Biodiverse agricultural and Urban, in which vegetation censuses were conducted for the calculation of the indicators. The IHPB showed the highest value in the Dryland natural UP due to the high diversity, total cover and native tree and shrub species present in its plant community; the lowest was registered in Conventional agriculture. Its application confirmed the importance of natural areas in terms of their potential to sustain the beneficial entomofauna base for the biological control of pests, and the need to improve habitat conditions in agricultural environments.