Territorial Impact Research Articles

Environmental Recovery of Abandoned Mining Areas in Spain: Sustainability and New Landscapes in Some Case Studies

The closure of open-cast mines has prompted the appearance of large, run-down and environmentally degraded spaces. Current legislation requires that such spaces, which mining marked so heavily over such long periods of time, must be restored. The measures adopted have such a wide-ranging territorial impact that they represent the creation of new landscapes in line with strict environmental sustainability criteria. Reducing slopes and banks, securing and decontaminating soils, filling the large mining holes and planting native plant species and crops have been the main solutions applied in the old mining areas. The black colour of the mines has been replaced by a new green colour in line with the natural environment, in a relatively recent and constant process that some authors relate to the concept of regenerative development, different but linked to the more traditional sustainable development. The analysis conducted in this research focuses on several Spanish cases that are highly representative, both nationally and internationally, of what the changes undertaken after mines are abandoned entail

Combustion Chamber Analysis Using CFD for Operation Condition

The gas turbine ignition chamber is a standout amongst the most basic segments to be unlined, in light of the fact that it must guarantee a steady operation in an extensive variety of air/fuel proportion and load. Among a few estimations engaged with the plan of a burning chamber, the reference region is the most vital physical parameter, particularly by the considerable effect on different measurements. As a rule, this parameter must be ascertained from an investigation of the impediments forced both compound responses and optimal design, i.e., in light of ignition process prerequisites and most extreme weight drop passable in the burning chamber, individually. In this way, the point of this paper is research the impact of the reference territory in the speed profile, in the temperature conveyance, in the blending procedure and in the fire conduct, as per the reference zone utilized as a part of the burning chamber. These numerical investigations were completed utilizing ANSYS CFX, contrasting them and the base esteem figured by Lefebvre [5], for a thermodynamic cycle of 600 kW gas turbine motor, conduced in Gate Cycle program. At last, it can be inferred that a few changes in the reference region figured by Lefebvre [4] creates better outcomes, particularly by enhancing the consuming procedure and the conduct of the fire.

Predilection of sustainable recharge structures using morphometric parameters and decision making model in the Vaniyar sub basin, South India

The morphometric parameters are depicting the hydrological reaction through geographic information systems (GIS) and geospatial techniques used for water conservation. In this area, drainage system shows a dendritic pattern occasion where the most outrageous number of streams found in the primary request and the stream arrange extended by receding in stream number. The preference criteria were chosen in the pappiredipatti watershed compared to other watersheds in the sub basin based on slope condition, rainfall, and weathered zone thickness. The highest mean bifurcation ratio is 4.9 at yercaud watershed whereas the lowest mean bifurcation ration is 1.8 in kadattur watersheds. The mean bifurcation proportion was 3.125 which demonstrate that the discharge design is influenced by auxiliary aggravations. The Elongation ratio lowest in 0.53 at kadattur and highest at KRW is 0.8, form factor esteems were 0.67 and 0.1.92 which specify stretched state of the bowl having a compliment high point of the stream for longer spans. Flowing streams of the prolonged basin are less demanding to oversee for accommodating to deciding the impact of the catchment territory on hydrological valuation. In the pappiredipatti watershed was chosen preference criteria of recharge structures, number of structures 8, 12, and 30 of check dams were built on 1st, 2nd, 3rd order stream individually. Two permeation lakes were developed nearer to 3rd order stream. Artificial recharge structures in 1st order are lower than in 2nd order, according to the morphometric investigation, the 2nd and 3rd order stream are described by high penetrable, high infiltration limit and low help, which is conducive for the recharge. The accompanying observations made while settling on the sort and plan of maintainability structures for the proper location.

El impacto territorial del proceso de terciarización industrial

El impacto territorial del proceso de terciarización industrial. El trabajo trata de analizar el proceso de terciarización de la industria (traducido éste en un aumento de los llamados servicios internos y en la externalización de un gran volumen de servicios a la producción), desde el punto de vista de la reorganización territorial desencadenada y de la difícil interpretación de las tendencias de localización de un sector tan estratégico como son los servicios a las empresas. En este sentido, el artículo, aunque con carácter de presentación general de la cuestión, aspira a cubrir el déficit de investigaciones que, desde nuestro punto de vista, existe en esta materia.
 
 [fr] Répercussions spatiates du procès de tertiarisation industrielle. Soit que le procès de tertiarisation industrielle se traduit par l'accroissement des nommés cervices internes et par l'externalisation d'un gran nombre de cervices á la production, ce travail prétend son analyse du point de vue de la réorganisation territoriale qu'il en déchaîne et la difficile interprétation des tendances de localisation d'un secteur si stratégique que les cervices aux intreprises. En ce sens, cet article, même que présentation genérale de la question, pourvoit à une recherche scientifique qui, à nôtre avis, est déficitaire.

Impact of child restraint policies on child occupant fatalities and injuries in Chile and its regions: An interrupted time-series study

ObjectivesWe assessed the effectiveness of the child restraint legislation (CRL) introduced in Chile in December 2005 and the National Decree enacted in February 2007, which regulated the technical characteristics of child restraint devices with the goal of reducing child occupant fatalities and severe injuries nationally and within Chile’s regions. MethodsAn interrupted time–series design was used to measure the effect of CRL and the National Decree on two dependent variables—number of child occupant deaths in traffic collisions and number of child occupants severely injured in traffic collisions per vehicle fleet from 2002 to 2014 (police data). Our analyses compared the incidence of these outcomes in the post-intervention period (2006 to 2014) with the period prior to these interventions (2002–2005) nationally and by region, controlling for several confounders. ResultsNationally, the child restraint policies were associated with a 39.3% (95% CI: 4.7; 73.9) reduction in child occupant fatalities, but no significant decrease was observed in child severe injuries. These interventions were associated with a 75.3% (95% CI: 15.6; 135.1) reduction in the rate of child occupant fatalities in the southern regions, and a 32.9% (95% CI: 1.1; 67.0) reduction in the rate of children severely injured in the northern regions. ConclusionIn the short term, the CRL and the National Decree were associated with fewer child occupant fatalities, at the national level and in the southern regions, and severely injured child occupants in traffic collisions in Chile’s northern regions. These results demonstrate a limited temporal and territorial impact. This suggests that to effectively protect vulnerable populations across all territories, efforts should be expanded more consistently and sustained over time.

Territorial Impact Assessment: Cohesion policy and balanced territorial development (Czechia)

International online peer-reviewed open-access journal offers a possibility for the international community of professionals working in the fields of regional and rural development or tourism to exchange their ideas and research results or practical achievements as it publishes results of both theoretical and applied research in these fields.

Impacto territorial del turismo en Zonas Prioritarias para la Conservación y Ecosistemas Prioritarios de Baja California Sur, México

El turismo de sol y playa depende del atractivo paisajístico y de los ecosistemas litorales. En México, las propuestas de utilización de los recursos naturales deben respetar la integridad funcional de los ecosistemas y su capacidad de carga, pero no todos los proyectos lo hacen ni implementan las medidas de remediación necesarias en caso de daño. En este artículo se analiza el impacto territorial del turismo desde la óptica de la inclusión de previsiones para la conservación en zonas y ecosistemas prioritarios en Baja California Sur (México). Los resultados muestran que las Manifestaciones de Impacto Ambiental —de los 53 proyectos turístico-residenciales mayores a una hectárea que se estudiaron— contemplan los ecosistemas marinos en menor medida que los ecosistemas terrestres, y que las Zonas Prioritarias para la Conservación tienen aún más baja atención. Asimismo, mediante un análisis de mapa de calor se determinaron áreas en los municipios de La Paz y de Los Cabos en las que la densidad de proyectos turísticos y sus impactos negativos son considerables. Esto contribuye a la degradación de la zona costera y al turismo no sustentable, por lo que se ofrecen recomendaciones específicas para contribuir a revertir esta situación.

EL TURISMO Y EL DESARROLLO SUSTENTABLE DE LAS CIUDADES. EL CASO DE OAXACA, MÉXICO, 2000-2015

Partiendo del concepto de turismo como una actividad económica dinámica, capaz de mantener un ritmo de crecimiento favorable, se analiza su influencia en el desarrollo sustentable de las principales ciudades de Oaxaca con una población mayor o cercana a 15 mil habitantes, durante 2000-2015. Se aplica la metodología estadística de la regresión lineal, con el supuesto que el crecimiento del turismo aumenta los niveles de desarrollo sustentable del territorio. El análisis realizado muestra que la relación turismo-desarrollo posee fortalezas y debilidades en las ciudades analizadas. La mayor fortaleza es de carácter sectorial, sobresaliendo el fomento turístico, la capacitación de los recursos humanos y el cuidado ambiental. Territorialmente el turismo manifiesta debilidades para impulsar el mejoramiento del desarrollo sustentable, aunque ya sobresalen las pequeñas ciudades de Oaxaca, lo que debe valorarse debido a que la mayoría de ellas son el lugar central de microrregiones con gran biodiversidad y bioculturalidad. Se recomienda una revisión de las políticas públicas turísticas para hacer más efectivo su impacto territorial.

Los impactos de las multinacionales mineras, el papel de estado colombiano y los procesos de resistencia en Marmato

In the current phase of the capitalist system, the extractive mining model has become a predatory human activity with high environmental, territorial, social, political, economic and cultural impact on natural assets. In this context, Colombia has oriented its economy towards extractive projects of energy mining, adopting the public policy of the mining locomotive, as a basis for economic development. The objective of this article is to analyze the impacts of the mining multinationals, the role of the Colombian State and the community responses in the municipality of Marmato. For that, the approaches of accumulation by expropriation, studies of legal conscience, globalization against hegemony and social identity theory are studied; perspectives that are analyzed in the light of the empirical work, which were relevant to the testimonies of the Marmato community in connection with the arrival of multinationals in this municipality, their perceptions about the role of institutions and the mining policy and representations around the conflict and the processes of resistance.

L’évaluation d’impact territorial en pratique

L’évaluation d’impact territorial des programmes participe de l’évaluation de l’effectivité des politiques et des programmes publics sur un périmètre territorial à la fois géographique et institutionnel. Elle est donc une activité ambitieuse de connaissance au service de l’action publique à finalité territoriale, avant, pendant et après l’action. L’activité évaluative peut faire appel à des démarches de production de contrefactuel. Elle peut se contenter de faire appel à des représentations conventionnelles des logiques d’action publique. Seules ces dernières font l’objet ici d’une analyse approfondie en termes de faisabilité et de fiabilité. Les conventions de logiques d’action, lorsqu’elles sont partagées entre les acteurs de l’évaluation d’impact, sont au cœur des cahiers des charges et servent d’ossature aux termes de références des évaluations : elles sont le langage partagé par les acteurs publics et les évaluateurs. L'article se réfère à la seule pratique de ces représentations dans les usages des évaluateurs : l’accent est porté sur les conventions simples de représentations « de chaînes d’impact » mais aussi, dans le cas de politiques complexes, sur les représentations de « réseaux de valeur et d’impact ». Puisqu’il s’agit de conventions, les questions de faisabilité et de fiabilité des résultats des évaluations se posent immédiatement : elles sont traitées ici avec un esprit de praticien. Il est montré qu’un indicateur de confiance dans les résultats donne souvent du flou aux résultats évaluatifs mais ceci peut augmenter l’acceptabilité des résultats évaluatifs d’impact territorial, ce qui, au surplus, peut favoriser l’utilisation des résultats des évaluations. Classification JEL : H11, H7, O18, R58.

The Territorial Impact Assessment of transport: the case of the Egnatia motorway system in the cohesion potential of Southeast Europe

Territorial Impact Assessment (TIA) is proposed as a critical tool in order to investigate the way policies affect spatial development and hence territorial cohesion. The paper introduces a TIA methodological model in relation to transport sector. The design of the methodological model is based on a quantitative evaluation framework that comprises a set of selected indicators applied in a cross-border area of southeast Europe, influenced by the operation of the Greek motorway system of Egnatia and its vertical axes. The indicators are grouped into three main fields of TIA, i.e. transport intermodality, polycentric spatial organization and cross-border territorial cooperation. The TIA’s indicators are approximated by quantitative analysis. The procedure concludes to an overall composite indicator measuring the ‘level of territorial cohesion’ along with some core results and the expected added value. It also highlights some key technical aspects about the routines used and proceeds to suggestions for further refinement.

Dynamics and effects of the Vesuvius Pomici di Avellino Plinian eruption and related phenomena on the Bronze Age landscape of Campania region (Southern Italy)

The Pomici di Avellino eruption is the Plinian event of Vesuvius with the highest territorial impact. It affected an area densely inhabited by Early Bronze Age human communities and resulted in the long-term abandonment of an extensive zone surrounding the volcano. Traces of human life beneath the eruption products are very common throughout the Campania Region. A systematic review of the available archaeological data, the study of geological and archaeological sequences exposed in excavations, and the reconstruction of the volcanic phenomena affecting single sites has yielded an understanding of local effects and their duration. The archaeological and volcanological analyses have shown that the territory was rapidly abandoned before and during the eruption, with rare post-eruption attempts at resettlement of the same sites inhabited previously. The definition of the distribution and stratigraphy of alluvial deposits in many of the studied sequences leads us to hypothesise that the scarce presence of humans during phases 1 and 2 of the Middle Bronze Age in the wide area affected by the eruption was due to diffuse phenomena of remobilisation of the eruption products, generating long-lasting alluvial processes. These were favoured by the deposition of loose fine pyroclastic material on the slopes of the volcano and the Apennines, and by climatic conditions. A significant resettlement of the territory occurred only hundreds of years after the Pomici di Avellino eruption, during phase 3 of the Middle Bronze Age. This study show the role of volcanic and related phenomena from a Plinian event in the settlement dynamics of a complex territory like Campania.

The WHS Designation—A Factor of Sustainable Tourism Growth for Romanian Rural Areas?

The presence of World Heritage Sites has been frequently used as a mean of tourism promotion and increased attractiveness. However, previous studies showed contradictory results regarding the territorial impact of World Heritage Sites, and very few researchers discussed their impact in Eastern Europe. This paper examines how the presence of World Heritage Sites in rural localities influenced the tourism growth and sustainable development in Romania after 2000. Independent Sample t-test was used to analyse the evolution of tourism and sustainable development indicators between 2001 and 2016. The results suggest an absence of a positive effect induced by World Heritage Sites in rural areas. It seems that, by itself, the brand has not enough power to sustain tourist attractiveness if it is not endorsed by national, regional, and local initiatives. These findings lead a discussion about how certain sites managed to induce a sustained tourism growth while others failed to do so.

La contribución de las fórmulas existentes de cooperación intermunicipal en la equidad territorial: el caso de la Mancomunitat de la Ribera Alta

La buena gobernanza está considerada, tanto desde el punto de vista político como geográfico y económico, como un elemento clave para la competitividad territorial y urbana. El artículo presenta un punto de vista crítico y alternativo a esta formulación, entendiendo la gobernanza como factor del objetivo de equilibrio territorial. Para ello, se consideran dos conceptos clave: policentrismo (no morfológico, sino funcional y urbanorural) y cooperación territorial (de geometrías variables), como forma más eficiente de dotar servicios y aplicar políticas con impacto territorial. Para todo ello se toman como referencia la idea de cohesión territorial, configurada principalmente desde la Unión Europea, y la Estrategia Territorial de la Comunitat Valenciana, que pone énfasis en los elementos de gestión territorial. Tras esta contextualización, el artículo presenta el análisis de la forma de cooperación intermunicipal predominante en el territorio valenciano, la mancomunidad, mediante un estudio de caso: la Mancomunitat de la Ribera Alta.valenciano, la mancomunidad, mediante un estudio de caso: la Mancomunitat de la Ribera Alta.

Nuovi formati commerciali e polarità interegionali: Lombardia, Piemonte, Emilia Romagna

En este artículo presentamos la investigación “Evaluación del impacto territorial de los polos comerciales: factoty outlets, multicines, centros comerciales. Una aproximación interregional”, realizada entre 2005 y 2007 por los Departamentos de Architettura e Pianificazione del Politécnico de Milán, el Interateneo del Territorio del Politécnico de Turín y el Departamento de Economía de la Universidad de Parma. La investigación ha sido promovida por las Regiones de Lombardía, Piamonte y Emilia Romagna, con el fin de desarrollar un enfoque común tanto para el estudio de los fenómenos como para el desarrollo de directrices de gestión. A partir de la observación de la innovación en formatos comerciales y de las vías de su regulación por las Regiones, se ha prestado especial atención a la formación de “polos comerciales interregionales”.

Discourse between Geopolitics, Globalisation and Regional identities in India: An Analysis

This paper attempts to theorise the discourse between geopolitics, globalisation and regional identities in India. Territorial boundaries and sovereignty are important constituents in framing geopolitics. Embedded in the territorial boundaries and sovereignty are metaphors, images and geographical codes that conjure up the geopolitics of the self as against the other. The engagement of the self and the other creates an order of similarities and difference. Being different gives rise to otherness and helps in the (re)formation of (sub)regional identities. Globalisation, on the other hand, tries to homogenise space and space-based identities and highlights the dichotomy between the all encompassing global and the local. Geopolitics stresses the role of territory and sovereignty, whereas globalisation tries to obliterate and reconfigure these forces. This paper discusses at length the dialectics of geopolitics, globalisation and regional identities in India and argues that geopolitics and globalisation under the shadow of supranational institutions and transnational corporations have acquired multifarious and dynamic forms. Although globalisation has certainly penetrated, influenced and continues to influence India, it has not lessened the impact of territory and sovereignty. Instead, it has resulted in dynamic reconfiguration and (re)deterritorialisation of space.

ASSOCIATION OF LEFT ANTERIOR CORONARY ARTERY INVOLVEMENT ON CLINICAL OUTCOMES AMONG STEMI PATIENTS PRESENTING WITH AND WITHOUT OUT-OF-HOSPITAL CARDIAC ARREST

Acute ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) complicated by out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is associated with greater in-hospital mortality compared to STEMI patients without cardiac arrest. However, there has been no prior attempt to discern if there is an independent association of culprit coronary artery involvement with outcomes of STEMI patients with and without OHCA. This study aimed to describe such an independent association. We identified all 1020 patients within the Vancouver Coastal Health Authority (VHCA) who presented with an acute STEMI and who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) between June 26, 2007 and March 31, 2016. Among these, there were 91 patients with and 929 without a preceding OHCA. Logistic regression was used to examine the impact of ischemic territory and OHCA on mortality and other outcomes. STEMI patients with OHCA had more in-hospital-cardiac arrest (43.3% vs 8.3% p < 0.001), heart failure (50.5% vs 11.3% p < 0.001), cardiogenic shock (49.5% vs 5.7% p < 0.001) and mortality (35.2% vs 3.3% p < 0.001) compared to STEMI patients without OHCA. Left anterior coronary artery (LACA) involvement was identified in 57.1% of STEMI patients with OHCA and in 47.7% of STEMI patients without OHCA (p=0.085). Among non-OHCA patients, LACA involvement was associated with increased heart failure (18.1% vs 5.2% p < 0.001), in-hospital cardiac arrest (10.7% vs 6.2% p < 0.014), cardiogenic shock (8.4% vs 3.3% p < 0.001) and mortality (5.2% vs 1.3% p=0.003) compared to no LACA involvement, but not in OHCA patients. Logistic regression demonstrated that LACA involvement and OHCA were both independently associated with increased in-hospital mortality, but there was no significant association between the presence of OHCA and LACA involvement (Figure 1). Compared to STEMI patients without OHCA, those with OHCA experienced worse in-hospital outcomes. Similarly, compared to non-ACA involvement, ACA involvement was also associated with worse in-hospital outcomes, but only among STEMI patients without OHCA. This data suggests that ACA involvement in STEMI confers a worse prognosis among STEMI patients without OHCA, and suggests that OHCA patients have other high risk features that drive their poor outcomes.View Large Image Figure ViewerDownload Hi-res image Download (PPT)

European R&D networks: a snapshot from the 7th EU Framework Programme

ABSTRACTRecent empirical studies have investigated the territorial impact of Europe’s research policies, in particular the contribution of the European Framework Programmes to the integration of a European Research Area. This paper deepens the analysis on the integration and participation of peripheral regions, by focusing on the differences in intensity and determinants of inter-regional collaborations across three groups of collaborations. We consider collaborations among more developed regions, between more and less developed regions, and among less developed regions. Building on the recent spatial interaction literature, this paper investigates the effects of physical, institutional, social and technological proximity on the intensity of inter-regional research collaboration across heterogenous European regions. We find that the impact of disparities in human capital and technological proximity on regional R&D cooperation is relevant and differs across subgroups of collaborations. Moreover, despite the efforts of integrating marginal actors, peripheral regions have lower rates of collaborations.

The role of EU rural development policy in the neo-productivist agricultural paradigm

ABSTRACTThe role of EU rural development policy in the neo-productivist agricultural paradigm. Regional Studies. European Union rural development policy tools have renewed their emphasis on agriculture for the period 2014–20. This shift has been driven by an incoming neo-productivism paradigm, a terminology only recently applied to rural studies. This paper focuses on the discussion of European Union rural policy positions in the context of key drivers of neo-productivism. Existing academic debates focus mainly on ‘neo-productivist agriculture’, with less attention paid to rural development policy. This review shows the need to address the terminological issues of this policy and to reflect upon the territorial impact of other sectoral policies.

Evaluation of Crisis Events and Their Territorial Impact

Every human activity as well as the environment in which it takes place is a possible source of crisis events. Every activity or condition in nature or society may go adrift under particular conditions and may cause damage and loss. The occurrence of crisis events negatively influences the development of a territory. The source of information for this study is the analysis of the characteristics of crisis events and their evaluation by crisis management experts and urban planners involved in the concerned survey. During the evaluation, the quantitative method of mathematical statistics was applied—analysis of variance through the application of statistical software. We also take into consideration the preventive measures incorporated in the territorial plans as part of the risk management of municipalities. The inclusion of risk management measures in the territorial plans of municipalities increases their safety level.