Territorial Aspects Research Articles

Planificación, políticas públicas y Agenda 2030. El caso de Costa Rica

This article is the result of research based on the agreement signed in 2022 between the Ministry of National Planning and Economic Policy (MIDEPLAN) of Costa Rica and the Latin American Center for Development Administration (CLAD). Its purpose was to develop the “Design and management of public policies in the framework of the SDGs”. The institutional approach was applied and it was considered that good performance in meeting the SDGs would not be achieved if there is no strong institutional architecture to ensure governance and institutional capacity. The research considers two premises. On one hand, the need to strengthen institutions to ensure the viability of planning and improve SDG performance through public policies. On the other hand, the importance of adopting the challenges faced by the country, as well as its financial capacity, as criteria for planning and prioritization of institutions. It also draws from the case of Costa Rica a series of proposals that may be useful for the region. The conclusions and proposals include: 1) the need to create a transversal axis of governance based on the guidelines and indicators of international and supranational bodies; 2) the methodology and meaning of public policies must be specified; 3) the obligation to orient public policy indicators to the achievement of the common good; 4) the necessary linkage of public policies with the budget; 5) the need to implement a mechanism for monitoring policy compliance that includes common elements for all policies; 6) that the achievement of the SDGs is favored by aligning them with national and, where appropriate, international strategic plans, such as the 2030 Agenda; and 7) that the SDGs would be accelerated by the introduction of innovation and digitalization processes. The territorial aspect should also be taken into account and multilevel planning should be established.

Оценка инвестиционного лага в экономике северных субъектов Российской Федерации

The inclusion of the zone of the North and the Arctic among the regions critical for the prospective economic development and security of the country implies a significant increase in the volume and, most importantly, the reliability of knowledge regarding the conditions for the use of the main factors of production, in particular investments. A stable hypothesis, which was formed back in the Soviet period, is the presence of a number of features in the North Arctic zone, which turn the conditions for the use of production factors in general and investments in fixed capital in particular into marginal ones. It was an axiom that investments in the northern territories are characterized by significant capital intensity, a long investment cycle, and high riskiness of projects. Although the study of the problems of «stretching» investment cycles, i.e. the lengthening of all phases of the cycle in time, as well as the stability of investment trends, were not as popular as the problem of the «northern appreciation», but the statement that the presence of investment lags causes a relatively low economic efficiency of investment processes, manifested in a delay in obtaining the final effect, seemed indisputable, an increase in the cost of the investment project, an increase in the risk of the formation of «incomplete». In the 2000s, not only the general economic situation and the mechanisms of the functioning of the economy changed significantly, but also technologies both in production and in investment processes. This could not but affect the specific parameters of investment projects, including the comparative conditions for the distribution of investment resources in the territorial aspect. The article attempts to consider the «lag stretching axiom» and the rise in the cost of investment processes in this regard in modern conditions. It is concluded that the hypothesis about the marginal duration of lags for the regions of the North and the Arctic is not supported by both actual data and the results of estimating the length of construction lags (direct methods) and lags for commissioning capacities and investment lags (indirect methods)

The main aspects of disproportions in determining the cadastral value of real estate objects

The article analyzes disproportions in determining the cadastral value of real estate objects. The authors present a term "disproportion" from a position of determining cadastral value, which leads to distortion of the results of state cadastral appraisal and is caused by informational, organizational, methodological and territorial aspects. As an example, an analysis of capital construction projects was carried out, resulting in inconsistencies identified in data in relation to a list of objects. Cadastral value calculations allowed us to conclude that the degree of availability and reliability of initial information concerning the characteristics of objects for assessment has a significant impact on results of state.

ТРАНСФОРМАЦИЯ ИНВЕСТИЦИОННЫХ СВЯЗЕЙ СТРАН ПРИБАЛТИКИ И ПОЛЬШИ

The article presents an analysis of investment ties’ development of Poland and Baltic states. The author assesses general dynamics of foreign direct investment and identifies main stages and factors influencing FDI. The conclusion is substantiated that these countries continue to play the role of capital importers and there are no fundamental reasons for this situation to change. The author analyzes main disproportions of investment ties, including sectoral and territorial aspects, and identifies the common features and key differences of investment sectors of Poland and Baltic republics. Based on the calculation of HerfindahlHirschman index the change in the level of diversification of the sectoral structure of inward and outward FDI in Poland, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania since 2010 has been assessed.

Facing a New Ocean Decade: Geopolitical Change and Challenges in Ocean Governance

ABSTRACT The fifty-year period since UNESCO announced its ‘Decades’ devoted to the oceans has witnessed some deep changes in ocean geopolitics: a new international community made up of a greater number of nation-states that have transformed their territorial bases through the inclusion of large maritime jurisdictions. This, and the decline in the international regulatory ideal, have led to marine governance being addressed very differently from the way it was in the 1970s and presenting a challenge for the future governance of the oceans. This article explores the political change that has occurred during this time and focuses on the State, its maritime territory and the effects of jurisdictional expansion. Methodologically, the geopolitical focus is framed in geographical premises supported with data prepared by the author and premises formulated in the fields of law and political science. The conclusions include some of the effects of unilateral action in marine governance and show that differences and inequalities are the most visible aspects of this new marine territoriality.

Ancient Gymnasion as a Spaceof Lifelong Learning

The ancient gymnasion, a symbol of Hellenic culture, receives constant attention in the literature. Even today, however, the traditional interpretation prevails, which understands the gymnasion as a secondary school connected to the sports field, and neglects its other functions, including supporting lifelong learning. This study aims to expand the interpretation of the ancient gymnasion, above all, to bring closer its importance to adult education. Due to the absence of information in andragogy on the significance of gymnasion for adult education, the study leans on archaeological, historical and epigraphic sources and analyses of ancient sports. The spatial turn of the end of the 20th century contributed in these sources methodologically to the innovative reflections of the gymnasion. The text defines the terminological, chronological and territorial aspects of the ancient gymnasion and reflects the areas of its narrower interpretation. It summarizes the functions of the gymnasion and particularly those related to adult education. The gymnasion is further characterized as an antique interactive space that supports adult learning. The last section recalls gymnasion workers in terms of their activities that initiated non-formal adult education. In conclusion, we can therefore interpret the gymnasion as an institution of formal youth education and at the same time as an adult education facility – as a complex interactive space for lifelong learning.

Methods to Assess the Locations of Transport and Logistics Centers in the Backbone Network

The existing «gaps» in the evaluation tools of the transport and logistics infrastructure locations lead to low spatial efficiency of the transport and logistics centres (TLC) backbone network. There is a need to supplement the existing system with new methods of assessment, which integrate sectoral and territorial aspects of the efficiency of TLC deployment, increase the validity of strategies for the development of transport industries, the spatial development strategy of the Russian Federation, which was the main purpose of the study. The proposed methods of assessing TLC locations on the basis of partial indicators, integral rank indicator eliminate randomness in the choice of parameters of estimation. The scientific novelty of the study results is achieved by the principle of the criteria uniformity of territorial and sectoral efficiency of TLC locations. The practical relevance of the research consists in the proposed tools and methodological capabilities of assessment methods.

Memory, Borderlands and Immigrant Communities: to Problem Statement

In this article, the author problematizes studies of immigrant communities within Europe at the intersection of the categories “border/borderland” – “memory” – “immigrant communities”, revealing the special role of memory in this triad. To achieve this goal, in the first part of the article the author will present a number of approaches to the study of borderlands in its different dimensions – with an emphasis on the “hard” territorial aspect of this phenomenon. The focus will then be on the soft border and its features. Next, “immigrant communities” will be characterized as “soft borderlands”. Based on the concept of “active borders” by K. Muller and the study of immigrant youth in different countries under the leadership of J. Berry will be problematized some possible foci of research into the memory of representatives of immigrant communities on the “borderland of soft borders” in host communities.

Uncontrolled Urban Growth in Western Balkans Territories after the Communist Collapse—a Review from the Spatial Planning Perspective

With the fall of the Communist Regimen in the Western Balkans Region, governance politics regarding urban and spatial planning processes led to significant changes in several territorial aspects. In this regard, several scientific studies and researches have put forward significant regional differences in urban development between cities of the Balkans that have followed very similar trajectories after the collapse of the “communist empire,” considering their willingness and desire to meet European standards - Tirana, Podgorica, Sarajevo are just some examples. Between the several disparities, these territories represent compared to Central and North European regions, massive and uncontrolled urban growth has been verified – catalyzed by liberal governance politics and private companies, without planning experts, and jeopardizing the need to include public participation in the development processes. This situation has led to significant uncontrolled planning and, consequently, to several negative social-economic impacts driven by it. For this reason, the development of a detailed review study considering spatial planning perspectives in the Western Balkans Region is seen as pivotal to understanding the existing planning disparities that affect the sustainable development of this area. Through an exploratory methodology – using both case study approach methods and territorial impact assessment (TIA) - it will be possible to understand how these events occurred and evolved, enabling the development of specific tools and approaches which might help to minimize the cumulative impacts of these processes. Therefore, the outcomes will define guidelines regarding urban planning processes for the main actors responsible for developing new governance measures toward achieving European standards.

Spatial features of lifecell mobile network in the western part of Ukraine

Today, social communications and business are increasingly moving towards the mobile Internet. However, the information revolution also has a downside, namely the need to be always in touch and on-line. Nowadays, business is no longer limited to the office, and social communications are no longer limited to certain locations. It is important to have good mobile coverage, whether you are on the move or not. As a result, entire areas become more "suitable" for living and working than others. This measurement is based on only one indicator – the availability of a mobile network. The smartphone has become an access point to the global Internet network. In 2022, the number of unique mobile Internet users was 5 billion, which is more than 60% of the world's population. Geographical studies of mobile communication networks in Ukraine are not widespread. The available publications are mostly descriptive in nature. They consider Ukraine as whole unit without any intra-regional differences. Several scientific studies on the Kyivstar mobile network have a clearly expressed territorial aspect. At the same time, other networks - primarily Vodafone Ukraine and Lifecell - remain little studied. The purpose of the study is to determine the spatial features of the Lifecell mobile network in the western part of Ukraine, and the main task is to analyse the coverage indicators of the Lifecell mobile communication network at the local level in the western part of Ukraine based on open data. The Lifecell mobile network in the western part of Ukraine creates the following spatial patterns. Lifecell is the third largest mobile operator in Western Ukraine. In terms of network volume, it is behind its main competitors Kyivstar and Vodafobe. Its 3G mobile network is larger than its 4G network. Lifecell's network coverage primarily covers large cities and their surrounding areas. In rural areas, the network is poorly developed. In terms of sub-regions, Lviv oblast and Prykarpattia have the best coverage, while the Ukrainian Carpathians (except for the territories of Lviv oblast), the eastern part of Volyn Polissya, and the southern and eastern parts of Ternopil oblast have the worst coverage of the Lifecell network.

Wiktor Ormicki jako badacz ziem wschodnich Drugiej Rzeczypospolitej

Wiktor Ormicki – Researcher of the Eastern Territories of the Second Polish Republic The article aims to present the research interests of docent Wiktor Ormicki – a geographer and lecturer at Jagiellonian University. These revolved around the aspects of the eastern territories of the Second Polish Republic and manifested, among other things, in his habilitation thesis entitled Życie gospodarcze Kresów Wschodnich Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej (The Economic Life of the Eastern Borderlands of the Republic of Poland, Kraków 1929) His interests comprised the migration issues in the northeastern voivodeships. Ormicki left notes from his research trips to the eastern borderland, which were an interesting source for the analysis of the socio-economic life in the eastern provinces of the Second Polish Republic. He described the daily activities and customs of the inhabitants of these regions. He listed economic facilities (including brickyards, distilleries, and sawmills) operating in the places he visited. He also paid attention to the towns and villages and the natural environment at the eastern border. Both the travel notes and Ormicki’s scientific works are a valuable source for researchers of everyday life and the economy of the eastern border of interwar Poland.

Synovial microflora of large joints in patients of a multidisciplinary hospital

Relevance. There is no doubt that microorganisms participate in occurrence and development of septic process in joints. However, the issue of etiological significance of each agent remains controversial, because, in spite of the general trends, indicating the participation of numerous microorganisms in the development of articular pathology, each result of microbiological analysis concerns only a specific case in the territorial and clinical aspects. The aim of the study - microbiological research of synovial fluid obtained from knee joint during synovitis after its aspiration in patients of various departments of the Stavropol Regional Clinical Hospital. Materials and Methods . There were studied 198 samples of synovial fluid. Primary inoculation of puncture was performed with subsequent isolation, identification of the cultures by mass spectrometry and assessment of their antibiotic sensitivity by discodiffusion method. Results and Discussion . 11 cultures of bacterial pathogens were isolated. Gram-positive cocci - 82 %, of which 77.8 % - microorganisms of Staphylococcus genus (44.4 % S.aureus , 33.4 % S.epidermidis ), 22.2 % - other gram-positive cocci: one strain of each, Enterococcus faecium and Streptococcus mitis . Gram-negative pathogens are represented by K.neumoniae and P.aeruginosa with a total content of 18 %. Highly virulent microorganisms S.aureus , K.neumoniae and P.aeruginosa are isolated from the synovial fluid of patients of the surgical departments (orthopedotraumatological No. 1, No. 2) and the rheumatological department. Microorganisms with low virulence E.faecium , S.mitis and S.epidermidis are isolated from synovial fluid of patients of various departments. No obvious resistance of isolated pathogens to antimicrobial drugs has been registered. Conclusion . The presence and species affiliation of the microorganisms identified in synovial fluid allows predicting their etiological significance in development of septic process in joints. Their role as causative agents of nosocomial infections typical for a medical institution is not excluded. The presence of articular pathology in each of the examined departments dictates the need for a clear understanding of the importance of timely and high-quality joint aspiration followed by microbiological examination in almost all patients with damage of large joints, including patients without clinical signs of septic arthritis. Such an approach that makes it possible to identify a greater number of causative agents of septic arthritis and quickly evaluate the dynamics of their antimicrobial resistance should become an obligatory part of a comprehensive research and treatment of a patient with arthritis in multi-fi eld hospitals.

Balázs Ablonczy. Ismeretlen Trianon: Az összeomlás és a békeszerződés történetei, 1918–1921 [Unknown Trianon: histories of the collapse and the peace treaty, 1918–21

Balázs Ablonczy. <i>Ismeretlen Trianon: Az összeomlás és a békeszerződés történetei, 1918–1921</i> [Unknown Trianon: histories of the collapse and the peace treaty, 1918–21

Undocumented migrants’ citizenship in pandemic times: the South Korean case

ABSTRACT The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the citizenship of both nationals and non-nationals. We define citizenship as a contested membership among all populations within the territory of a state, encompassing the status, rights, and performativity of the people. We look at changes in the citizenship of non-nationals, particularly the most vulnerable: undocumented migrants. Despite long-standing discrimination against undocumented migrants, the COVID-19 pandemic compelled the South Korean government to reconsider its policies on their citizenship rights. The government provided free tests and treatments, and free vaccinations to the undocumented migrants who had long been ignored in South Korea. It also suspended immigration crackdowns and deportations. While these COVID-19 preventive measures were intended to address community safety, they also affected the multifaceted nature of citizenship by making everybody within the territory both the subject and object of quarantine. Do these measures indicate an expansion of South Korean citizenship to include undocumented migrants? We discuss what implications the South Korean government’s pandemic-response policies may have for citizenship. With the increasing elasticity of citizenship boundaries in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, we claim that territorial aspects have been given greater emphasis in the politics of South Korean citizenship.

Cross-Regional Research in Demographic Impact on Safety Consciousness and Safety Citizenship Behavior of Construction Workers: A Comparative Study between Mainland China and Hong Kong.

The construction industry has rapidly developed with continuous prosperity in Hong Kong and Mainland China, although accidents still occur with unacceptable frequency and severity. For promoting the safety issue of workers in construction industry, safety citizenship behavior (SCB) and safety consciousness (SC) were considered two influential constructs and further studied with integration of sociodemographic theories by scholars. However, no study has compared the SC and SCB of construction workers in terms of the demographic influence between Mainland China and Hong Kong. To fill this research gap, this study investigated the territorial difference between these two regions by conducting a cross-sectional questionnaire survey with recruitment of 253 Mainland construction workers and 256 Hong Kong construction workers. Significant similarities and differences of SC and SCB performance were revealed in terms of the workers with different genders, education levels, weekly working hours, and ages. This study provides insights into the comparison of demographic influence on SC and SCB of construction workers between Hong Kong and Mainland China, which is unique as it can yield useful managerial knowledge relevant to the personal safety of targeted groups of construction workers with particular demographic characteristics in both regions and contribute the implementation of safety interventions in line with the specific distinction in the territorial aspect.

Industrialization and Urbanization: An Intrinsic Relationship in the Global South

Considering that the defining element of contemporary society is money, capitalist logic sees industrialization as an essential element. Industrialization transforms various aspects of territoriality, and it is part of the process of converting rural to urban environments. Urbanization is a global phenomenon that occurs spatially in culture, behavior, and lifestyle, but there are sensible distinctions in how it proceeds in the global north and the global south. Industrialization in developing countries took place unevenly and did not translate entirely into improved economic standards. In Brazil's case, the territorial occupation model was based on domination, ignoring environmental aspects, similarly to what happens in metropolises, in which management is often guided by the logic of neoliberal globalization, ignoring local realities. Another characteristic is that the processes of industrialization and urbanization occurred simultaneously. Such a perspective, focused on industrialization to foster urbanization, weakens other actors. The importation of transnational models effectively converts traditional production models into forms appropriate to market capitalism. However, the imposition of a hegemonic logic of domination comes with several social and environmental costs.

Analysis of the potential of religious tourism in Ukraine

The article generalized and methodological bases of religious tourism, its potential abilities and shown territorial aspect of its development are discovered and systematized. Religious tourism is not an integral part of the modern tourism industry. People all over the world are increasingly choosing pilgrimage and sightseeing tours of religious centers. Based on the analysis of the existing research of the problem of religious tourism, which were carried out mainly in the context of historical-religious andtourism studies, the thesis presents a cultural analysis of the definition of the essence of the problem of religious tourism, which is based on the following fundamental principles: interdisciplinarity, regionality, personalism, dialogism as an aspect of a broad problem of communication, the continuous improvement of the conceptualcategorical apparatus. The article reveals that the number of Christians in the world is growing and Christians are the majority among pilgrims. The study shows that the majority of Ukrainians are Christians and there are great possibilities for religious tourism development. The author shows themost attractive icons of The Mother of God and saint springs among religion tourist. The methodology of the research applies cultural, phenomenological, and religious studies methods in revealing the essence of pilgrimage tourism in the system of modern humanitarian knowledge. Scientific novelty of the work expands the concepts of spiritual tourism, pilgrimage, religious, and philosophical ethnography and their influence on the formation of the modern tourism industry. Religious tourism as a sociocultural phenomenon attracts unique conditions for familiarizing with different religions and cultures; establishing a dialogue, friendly relations with representatives of other customs and beliefs from different countrieswhich allows comparing socio-cultural experience.

Measuring COVID-19 Vulnerability for Northeast Brazilian Municipalities: Social, Economic, and Demographic Factors Based on Multiple Criteria and Spatial Analysis

COVID-19 has brought several harmful consequences to the world from many perspectives, including social, economic, and well-being in addition to health issues. However, these harmful consequences vary in intensity in different regions. Identifying which cities are most vulnerable to COVID-19 and understanding which variables could be associated with the advance of registered cases is a challenge. Therefore, this study explores and builds a spatial decision model to identify the characteristics of the cities that are most vulnerable to COVID-19, taking into account social, economic, demographic, and territorial aspects. Hence, 18 features were separated into the four groups mentioned. We employed a model joining the dominance-based rough set approach to aggregate the features (multiple criteria) and spatial analysis (Moran index, and Getis and Ord) to obtain final results. The results show that the most vulnerable places have characteristics with high population density and poor economic conditions. In addition, we conducted subsequent analysis to validate the results. The case was developed in the northeast region of Brazil.

Transport Network of Yakutia: Multi-time Analysis by Cartographic Sources

The article is devoted to the study of the development of the transport network of one of the largest regions of Russia on the example of mapping land routes in different historical periods. The relevance of the research topic is due to the lack of research, among the available historical and geographical works related to the study of the history of mapping the transport network of Yakutia. The purpose of this work is to study the history of the development of the transport network of Yakutia from the XVII to the beginning of the XXI centuries based on the analysis of various cartographic sources. To achieve this goal, the domestic experience of transport mapping was investigated; on the basis of identified published and unpublished sources, multi-time maps showing land routes of communication were selected and analyzed; on the basis of the analysis, the main stages of mapping land transport in Yakutia were identified. The study was conducted using a systematic approach, historical-comparative, cartographic and geoinformation methods. Due to the fact that this research is at the junction of a number of sciences, the work is based on an integrated approach. As a results of the study, the authors identified the stages in the history of mapping the transport network of Yakutia: the first stage (XVIII – late XIX centuries); the second stage (the first half of the twentieth century); the third stage (mid–twentieth century - 1990s); the fourth stage (post–Soviet period - to the present). Currently, a new information environment for the development of historical and geographical sciences is being created. GIS technologies enable access to historical maps, as well as the emergence of new ways to extract historical information from them. There are opportunities to detect previously hidden information, extract it and process it. The practical significance of the presented work is connected with the possibility of using its results to determine the directions of development and optimization of territorial aspects of the functioning of transport networks of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia).

Tuberculosis and epidemiological profile of the indigenous population of the Alto Rio Negro - Brazilian Amazon

The dissemination of information about Tuberculosis (TB), the types of manifestation of the disease, its main symptoms, which preventive measures are taken and how treatment is carried out are fundamental strategies for coping with it today, in addition to informing the rates of notifications of TB on a global, national and regional scale. The objective of this article is to present the epidemiological profile of the indigenous population of the Alto Rio Negro region, in the State of Amazonas (Brazil), regarding tuberculosis. Methodologically, the article was built through a bibliographical survey, eight articles were read and only two were selected to carry out the literature review identifying the epidemiological aspects of tuberculosis for the indigenous population of the Alto Rio Negro region – AM. By carrying out a literature review, it was possible to identify how essential the relationship between health, society and the environment is in a social group, determining the possible diseases that can affect this population. It was concluded that the social conditions of Indians and non-Indians are different in economic, social, political, cultural and territorial aspects, thus making it difficult to access not only the diagnosis of the disease, but also the direct treatment observed, and information about the transmission of tuberculosis, its diagnosis, prevention and therapeutic procedure.