Territorial Aspects Research Articles

Organized labour migration of residents of Lithuania to the USSR in the sixth–ninth decades of the 20th century

Referring to archive and historiographic materials, in this paper problematics of labour migration to the USSR from Lithuania in 1953-1984 is analysed. Attention is drawn to migration directions, motivation of residents, quantitative indices, territorial aspects related to persons participating in labour migration process and social picture. Residents of Lithuania became participants of the campaign for organized all Soviet Union-wide labour force migration to participate in implementation of large and important land, forestry and industry projects. By the way, the residents of our Republic joined this campaign later than residents from other Republics – in 1953 only. Organized labour force migration from Lithuania to the USSR was of lower level that it had been planned in Moscow. The main directions of labour force migration were: 1) agriculture intensification program (virgin lands campaigns in Kazakhstan and Russia); 2) Russian forestry development program; 3) program of construction of gigantic transport and industrial objects in Russia (Siberia, etc.); 4) the “Third Semester” program – season-based works of students in industry and agriculture sectors of Russia, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan and other Soviet Republics. In 6th-9th decades of the 20th century, about 75 thousand residents of Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic were sent to work in other regions of the Soviet Union; labour migrants worked on industrial objects, farms and forestry units. Mostly, they were men from urban areas, by ethnic composition – Russians and Lithuanians. The most intensive time period of sending to work as labour migrants was the 1953-1965 period, as at that time in Kazakhstan and Russia huge programs of economic development had been implemented (virgin lands campaign, forestry development). Namely during this period, over 80 per cent of residents of Lithuania who participated in this campaign were sent to labour destinations. Although in later years the migration campaign covered entire Lithuania, its scale diminished markedly. Due to certain national traits of Lithuanians (sedentary life, attachment to the land) and social-economic situation in the Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic (fast and intensive industry development ensuring quite good wages, well-developed social infrastructure, etc.), the residents of Lithuania liked to conclude short-term employment agreements, and after termination of these agreements made efforts to return to Lithuania and stay there not attracted by labour migration campaign anymore.

The Territorial Space of Green Transition / Transitioning from One Territorial System to Another through Nature-based Solutions - The Case of Finiq Municipality

Climate change has been recognised by many, be it nations or international organizations, as an existential threat to the world. In this context, the EU has introduced the European Green Deal, with the aim of transforming the continent into a modern, climate- neutral, resource-efficient, and competitive economy. In this scenario, the goals set by the EU are: no net emissions of greenhouse gases by 2050; economic growth decoupled from resource use; no person and no place left behind. The new growth strategy of the EU was also recognized by the Western Balkan Countries (nonmembers of the EU) through the Sofia Declaration in November 2020, acknowledging the need for transformation of the region to turn sustainability and resilience challenges into opportunities and transpose elements of the European Green Deal in all interrelated priority sectors. Those sectors are represented by five main pillars: Climate, energy, mobility; Circular economy; Depollution; Sustainable agriculture and food production; and Biodiversity. Even though it is a multi-sectorial approach, it does not directly address the territorial aspect. The territory is rather seen as a common dominator of the five pillars. This resizes the question, what is the spatial domain of green transition in a given territory? In the Albanian context, after the territorial reform of 2014, the territory was consolidated into 61 municipalities. In the framework of the General Local Plans, each municipality cat- egorized its territory into five main territorial systems: Urban; Nature; Agriculture; Water; and Infrastructure. Through the case of Finiq Municipality, we will further analyze the complexity of territorial systems in a given territory. For the purpose of analysis, a buffer of 1 km was ap- plied to the territory of Finiq Municipality (Bistrica River Basin) where the predominance of a territorial system over another and the mixture of them was evaluated. After this evaluation, an operational framework was conceptualized using the most relevant documents related to climate change, from the international level to the local level, that are pertinent to the case of Finiq Municipality. Taking into account the evidenced framework of green transition for the selected area, it is easier to propose effective nature-based solutions to be implemented in the transitional space between territorial systems. This was done by analyzing the concept of nature-based solutions, at first, and by reviewing case studies that deal with similar societal challenges as the ones identified in Finiq Municipality. The main focus will be the area surrendering the Bistrica River, for the simple fact that it flows from the east, where we find a high predominance of the natural landscape, to the west where a predominance of human activity is more evident. Through the river, we will illustrate the unfolding of what was explained above.

Implementation of Crime Prevention Throuh Environmental Design (CPTED) in Manado oldy city center area

North Sulawesi Province has the third highest crime rate in Indonesia in 2020 based on BPS data on 2021 crime statistics. This study chose locations in the old downtown area which has a high vulnerability to crime using the Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) approach. which is an effort to prevent crime through physical environmental design with 3 main aspects of territoriality, surveillance, access control which aims to minimize crime, especially in public spaces, through several stages of implementation, including knowing how far the CPTED concept is realized by using Pearson correlation analysis between the realization of CPTED and the level of The crime is based on visitors' security perceptions using questionnaire data and will then be implemented in the form of a design visualization of the old downtown area of Manado. The results of the research show that the surveillance aspect has the highest manifestation and the correlation between the three CPTED aspects has a relationship with visitors' security perceptions, and the strongest relationship is between surveillance and visitor’s security perceptions, then the implementation of area design is more dominant in open environmental designs. Based on these results, they were then implemented in the design of the old downtown area which has a strong local image and identity in corridor areas and access in public spaces.

Power and competition in the transitions toward postrentierism: The cases of Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates

AbstractThe imperatives of economic diversification mean that Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) are scrambling to secure international markets and investments amid a series of domestic changes taking place, including centralized decision making, the marginalization of other traditional modes of governance, and rising nationalism. While there is some evidence of formal security‐related cooperation in the Gulf Cooperation Council as well as an informal security alliance operationalized by Saudi Arabia and the UAE at the onset of the Arab uprisings, these two states have gone on to pursue competing economic policies. This article assesses the economic and political interactions of Saudi Arabia and the UAE, arguing that contrary to Rosecrance's concept of “virtual states” with an emphasis on services, expertise, and creativity, connected to visions strategies in these cases, their primary power remains rooted in territorial aspects. It also finds that there are other factors such as leadership style, political and economic role conceptions, the regional and international balance of power, threat perception, and alliance formation that will continue to determine the shape and form of their cooperation or competition.

Exploring Decolonization and Colonial Legacies: A Postcolonial Reading of Khushwant Singh’s Novel Train to Pakistan

The paper examines the multifaceted nature of decolonization, encompassing socio-cultural, economic, political, psychological, and territorial aspects, which signifies the emancipation of the colonized. It focuses on the Indian subcontinent, utilizing Khushwant Singh’s partition novel, Train to Pakistan, to scrutinize whether an ideal decolonization occurred in postcolonial India or not. Besides, it underlines the imperative of achieving ideal decolonization, emphasizing the prime necessity of reclaiming native identity, language, and cultural heritage for India’s advancement following the British Empire’s collapse in 1947. The research aims to depict the often-violent process of decolonization and examines how inheritances of colonialism still persist in contemporary Indian societies, political and administrative systems, manifesting in various forms, and masks. This qualitative study employs postcolonial theory to analyze the selectedtext, supplemented by data from credible secondary sources to accomplish its objectives.

FINANCING OF INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF THE UKRAINIAN ECONOMY

Introduction Innovative activity becomes an integral and necessary element of the successful development of the country's economy, and the task of the state is to implement an effective financial and innovative policy in order to ensure its stable growth. The article reveals the theoretical foundations of innovative development and states that some scientists considered the territorial aspect of innovative growth, which is caused by fluctuations in the level of innovative activity of different countries and civilizations. The purpose of the article is to study the theoretical foundations of innovative development and assess the current state of financing innovative development of the Ukrainian economy. Methods. The article uses general scientific methods of scientific knowledge, in particular, epistemological method, dialectical method, induction and deduction, formal-logical method, comparative and systematic methods. Results. The article states that a complex of issues related to the quality financing of innovative processes, which require systematicity and predictability, can be solved on the basis of a program-targeted approach to regulating the flow of investments aimed at innovative development. It was established that Ukraine, with a high level of educational and scientific potential, has a low level of implementation of innovations in the field of economic activity and their commercialization. Budgetary funding in Ukraine is the main source of funding for innovative development and an instrument of scientific and technical policy, a form of direct state support. During 2018‒2022, funding of the scientific sphere from the state budget increased by 60.6 %, however, in 2022, the war did not allow maintaining the dynamics of previous years. It is noted that the limited possibilities of the budget determine the relatively low share of sectors of the economy covered by potentially effective innovative developments, the number of which is decreasing. Conclusion. It was concluded that in the conditions of limited financial resources, which the state is able to direct to innovative development, it is appropriate to strengthen the levers of budget policy as a tool for increasing the efficiency of the use of budget funds directed to the innovative development of the country's economy.

Introduction of the Approach for Reviving the Sub-Municipal Level as a Spatial Aspect of Decentralization in Serbia

Decentralization is a globally accepted concept of separation, the diversity of structures within the political system, the transfer of resources, activities, and powers in the decision-making process, and the division of tasks from the central government to lower authorities. It is implemented in both developed and developing countries, with different aims and consequences. In Serbia, the urban-centric development model and centralized governance caused rural settlements to become non-viable, and services and opportunities were deprived. This research has been undertaken in order to provide a deeper understanding of the territorial aspect of decentralization in Serbia and how it affects rural areas. It strives to offer a methodological framework for the identification of central settlements in rural areas of Serbia that will serve as a focal point for settlements networking in order to facilitate the spatial integration of rural areas and governance at the local level. This research encompasses (i) the identification of rural nodes as bearers of balanced governance and spatial development; (ii) the delimitation of their gravity sphere; and (iii) the determination of the relationship between settlement organization models and decentralization in Serbia. The research results indicate that identified rural nodes can be valuable to developing a holistic understanding of rural issues, supporting a bottom-up approach and regional disparities mitigation.

Demographic conditions and territorial development of Torre de Moncorvo (North of Portugal)

<p>The development of some rural areas, such as most municipalities in the Portuguese interior, are completely dependent on the maintenance and retention of their population. The strengthening and qualification of a minimum number of inhabitants are necessary for the local dynamization processes. In this paper it is proposed a theoretical approach and the data presentation for a case study—the municipality of Torre de Moncorvo in the Douro valley region (northern Portugal). The main objective of this contribution is to demonstrate that the population maintenance is crucial to the local development. The social, economic, and territorial aspects are mutually dependent and determine the sustainability and the future dynamics of this kind of rural territories.</p>

An integrated urban water resources management approach for infrastructure and urban planning

Transportation projects are crucial for the overall success of major urban, metropolitan, regional, and national development according to their capacity by bringing significant changes in socio-economic and territorial aspects. In this context, sustaining and development of economic and social activities depend on having sufficient Water Resources Management. This research helps to manage transport project planning and construction phases to analyze the surface water flow, high-level streams, wetland sites for development of transportation infrastructure planning, implementing, maintenance, monitoring and long-term evaluations to better face the challenges and solutions associated with effective management and enhancement to deal with Low, Medium, High levels of impact. A case study was carried out using the Arc Hydro extension within ArcGIS for processing and presenting spatially-referenced Stream Model. Geographical information systems have the potential to improve water resources planning and management. The study framework would be useful for water resources problem solving by enabling decision makers to collect qualitative data more effectively and gather them into the water management process by a systematic framework.

The Ordinary Looks behind the Horrifying Screams: The Secrecies of Border Spirits in 20th Century Finnish Belief Narratives

This paper discusses the secrecies of border spirits within 20th century Finnish belief narratives. The aim is to explore how and in which contexts the imaginary aspects of border spirit narratives link to the idea of the “power of storytelling”. The following study touches on areas such as the suspension of the fantasy and sociopolitical aspects within the narratives. The folklore materials focus mainly on the Finnish heartland and partly on the national borders. Especially, narrative research methods were used to analyse what is heard and seen of the border spirits and what contexts these narratives involve. Moreover, the results touch on the dynamics of belief narratives without limiting them to the territorial aspects of borders. Hence, the study also explores interpretative bridges between folklore and border studies.

Revisiting Calls to Restructure Nigerian Styled Federalism

Over-dependence by federating units on the central government on financial matters, created some misgivings over the operational trajectory of federalism and its acclaimed dysfunctionality in Nigeria. The paper revisits the calls to restructure Nigeria's peculiar federalism, evaluates the historical antecedents, assessed government's response to such calls, at the same time, examines altercations for and against restructuring. It adopted political economy for theoretical framework, and descriptive research design, utilising secondary source of data with content analysis. The paper found that the main bone of contention is anchored around economic exclusivity by the federal government, which is breeding dissatisfaction. Nature of politics influenced lopsided restructuring that concentrated on territorial aspects, rather than the economic domain, this disabled fiscal federalism. It concluded that the policy of concentrating revenue allocation at the centre, does not give room for each federating unit to leverage on their capacity to internally generate revenue from the resources in their environment. In order to enjoy the dividend of federalism, and advance towards achieving sustainable development a revisit to calls for restructuring is needed. There is fluidity in government's commitment toward restructuring, seen in the lack of implementation of various committees reports on restructuring and fiscal federalism. Also, there is absence of the political will to change the status quo of unitarized federalism. The paper recommends that comprehensive restructuring, with the states and local government revenue generating capacity as the kick-off point. It urgently requires cutting down cost of governance to the barest minimum.

Правовые основы финансовой деятельности государства в контексте конституционной экономики

The existence of constitutional provisions on the financial activities of the state is an important element of the legal policy of any State. An analysis of domestic normative legal acts of public legal entities indicates that: a) the Constitution of the Russian Federation contains groups of norms regulating directly or indirectly regulating financial activities; b) Constitutions (Charters) of subjects of the Russian Federation are represented by several types of acts: reproducing the provisions of the Constitution of the Russian Federation; containing a separate chapter related to financial aspects of a particular territory; evidence of a scientifically sound approach to the legal support of financial activities.

Designing a territorialized work system as the making of a milieu.

A huge amount of ergonomic research has been carried out in companies. However, territory is now becoming a new frontier for decision-making during design. This article aims to examine how territorial scale impacts the design process of a work system. Two types of methods were used. First, we analyzed and defined what constitutes a territorialized work system. On this basis we conducted a design project for the re-conception of a territorialized work system with the linden tree. It is argued that a "territorialized work system" is not limited to its productive dimensions; it engages in a "making of a milieu" which consists of matching the work system with a range of dimensions that make life possible within the territory. The territorial aspect of running a design project thus relates to three dimensions: the systemic dimension of the system to be designed, the organization of the design project itself, and the nature of the object to be designed: the possibility of making a milieu, i.e. of being able to live in the territory.

СОЦИАЛЬНО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЕ РАЗВИТИЕ СТОЛИЧНЫХ ГОРОДОВ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ: ВОПРОСЫ ОЦЕНКИ

The article examines the social and economic development of territorial entities. The authors focus on the metropolitan cities of Russia, i.e., the administrative centers of the entities of the Russian Federation. The article examines the existing economic and legal literature on the problems and prospects of the social and economic development of cities. The existing limitations in the application of certain assessment methods regarding the territorial aspect are outlined. The authors have developed a methodology for multi-criteria assessment of the social and economic development level (SED index) of cities based on the assessment of key components of the social and economic development of metropolitan cities in the Russian Federation. The methodology was tested based on municipal statistics data from 83 metropolitan cities in the Russian Federation. The study covered the period from 2019 to 2021. The findings were assessed by comparing cities ‒ objects of the study, grouped by population size. The analysis demonstrated differentiation in the level of development of metropolitan cities, with the highest dispersion of values observed in the group of big cities with populations ranging from 250 thousand to one million people. Furthermore, the study found the general downward trend in the dynamics of the level of social and economic development of metropolitan cities in the Russian Federation over the studied period. The proposed methodology can be used to conduct studies of the social and economic development of territorial entities, monitor the level of social and economic development of cities, and make effective management decisions to reduce the excessive distance between city development levels.

Методичні аспекти підготовки інтегрованої звітності

Enterprises carry out financial and economic activities under constant changes, which directly or indirectly affect the content, volume and structure of information flows arising from identifying, measuring and formalising data related to economic operations and their results. The article aims to identify the elements of the preparation method of integrated reporting, the application of which by the accountant will help increase the degree of satisfaction of users' information needs. It was established that the preparation of integrated reporting includes three stages: determining users' information needs, obtaining relevant information for forming indicators, and directly filling out forms of integrated reporting. The first stage's goal is to establish the characteristics that should be concise, understandable for most users, and meaningful enough to make adequate management decisions on their basis. An essential aspect of the second stage is the determination of the sources of obtaining the necessary data with the identification of factors that contribute to reducing the cost of acquiring data, ensuring their relevance in terms of the time of receipt and intended purpose, as well as availability and a high level of trust. The preparation of integrated reports involves the selection of an acceptable conceptual basis that would consider the branch and territorial aspects of the functioning of business entities, their organisational and functional structure, policies and procedures for implementing individual financial and economic operations, and segments of activity. An accountant's application in practical activities of the approach to the preparation of integrated reporting disclosed in the article will allow the assessment of the expediency of obtaining individual data based on their importance for users, the ratio of benefits from receiving them, and related costs. Qualitatively prepared integrated reporting will give users confidence that formalised and properly systematised indicators characterise the enterprise's economic activity, taking into account the influence of quantitative, qualitative and cost factors.

THE TERRITORIAL ASPECT OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE LOGISTICS SUPPLY CHAIN

This article explores the role of territorial logistics in the integration of Kazakhstan's regions into the global economy. The main purpose of the article is to consider the territorial aspect of the development of the logistics supply chain in Kazakhstan and its impact on ensuring sustainable and balanced economic growth. The analysis of the key problems and challenges facing the country is carried out, as well as recommendations for improving territorial logistics to support the development process are proposed. The study includes an analysis of the concept and strategy for the development of the transport logistics industry in Kazakhstan until 2030. The authors consider government programs such as «Nurly Zhol» and the National Development Plan until 2025 to identify key challenges and opportunities related to the country's territorial logistics and transport system. To achieve this goal, various analysis methods are used, including document analysis, bibliometric analysis and structural synthesis of transport systems. That article emphasizes the importance of territorial logistics to ensure sustainable development and increase the efficiency of the use of territorial resources. Territorial logistics is considered as an integrated approach to the management of spatial aspects of economic activity, including the organization and optimization of transport flows at the regional and urban levels. In conclusion, the article highlights new ways for the research and development of this field in Kazakhstan. A review of current research in the field of territorial logistics shows the versatility of research interest and the importance of further research for the development of effective strategies for managing logistics processes at the territorial level.

Rural Depopulation in Greece: Trends, Processes, and Interpretations

Depopulation is caused by low fertility rates and out-migration, and it applies to countries, regions and smaller areas. Rural depopulation is defined as a sharp population decline that falls well below an adequate population size and indicates that an area has lost its demographic reproductive capacity. This paper discusses the socioeconomic and territorial aspects of rural depopulation, attempting to do justice to the spatial dimensions of the phenomenon. Greece exhibits all the symptoms of demographic transition, leading to labour shortages, declining economic productivity, and increasing demands on the health and welfare system. The study on rural depopulation in Greece focuses on the changes and dynamics observed at the municipal and regional levels. A typology has been developed to identify rural communities in Greece. The main source of demographic data for our study is the Greek censuses (1991, 2001, 2011, and 2021). Demographic and socioeconomic trends in Greece are interlinked and show different regional and local dynamics. Rural depopulation is closely related to the study of (international and internal) migration, even though the latter does not provide a permanent solution to depopulation. An empirical analysis has shown that there is a need to revitalise rural areas through socioeconomic improvements, infrastructure investments, and policies that directly impact rural communities.

Анализ эколого-экономической эффективности функционирования регионов Приволжского федерального округа

The article presents a comparative analysis of the ecological and economic efficiency of the functioning of the natural, social and production systems (NSPS) of the Volga Federal District in the context of its constituent regions. The study is based on the calculation of specific indicators of the environmental intensity of the subjects of the Russian Federation, taking into account three interrelated factors of the functioning of the systems: territorial (extent, area of the subject); social (population); economic (economic resources and opportunities of the region). Thus, in the course of the study, the indicators of environmental intensity were calculated depending on the area of the subject of the Russian Federation, its population and the gross regional product. The article presents a comparative characteristic of the regions of the Volga Federal District according to these indicators, the main conclusions concerning the ecological and economic efficiency of the NSPS of the Volga Federal District are made. The study showed significant differences in the ecological and economic efficiency of the functioning of the NSPS of the regions that make up the Volga Federal District, which indicates significant imbalances in their development. The Republic of Tatarstan has one of the worst indicators of specific emissions in the territorial aspect, but occupies a leading position in terms of specific emissions per unit of gross regional product. In other words, in the Republic much attention is paid to the issues of environmental efficiency of production. The Kirov region can be characterized as a region with a low level of environmental and economic efficiency of the functioning of the NSPS, therefore, in the strategic planning of the territory, special attention should be paid to the introduction of modern low-waste and waste-free production technologies.

Urban Territorialities: An Introduction

The studies collected in this monographic issue intend to revisit an important research topic, with results hitherto scattered in multiple venues, and to refocus on different aspects of urban territoriality in the late Middle Ages from new perspectives. The six essays offer both a general overview, in particular of north‐central Italian cities, and single case studies: Naples and Genoa are two largely comparable realities; the Florentine case is considered during the years of the Ciompi tumult, while that of Avignon provides insights for comparison with some Italian cities.

ICJ Advisory Opinion on Legal Consequences of the Separation of the Chagos Archipelago From Mauritius in 1965 (Chagos Advisory Opinion): A Critical Analysis

The Chagos AO is a milestone in the history of decolonization which certainly added some narratives to the jurisprudence of the right to selfdetermination, rules of identification of customary international law, and the practice of the ICJ in relation to its jurisdiction on an advisory opinion. Similarly, ICJ had missed dealing with the human rights of the inhabitants of Chagos Archipelago which was the subject matter of the opinion, whether the right to self-determination qualifies as peremptory norms or not, etc. This paper critically discusses the approach taken by the World Court in this case in five sections, e.g., the judicial propriety in the AO, the territorial aspect of the right to selfdetermination, the right to self-determination and customary international law, the right to self-determination and jus cogens, and human rights of the Chagossians. Dhaka University Law Journal, Vol. 33(1), 2023 P.95-110