Terpenoids In Extracts Research Articles

Synergistic Antifungal Bioassay of Neem Leaves Extract with Essential Oils against Dermatophytes

Introduction: The neem plant is also known as a panacea in dentistry due to its antimicrobial properties and plays vital role in the cosmetic industry as it is extensively used in cosmetic preparations for hair and skin care. Objective: The present study was carried out to evaluate the synergistic activity of essential oils in combination with neem leaves ethanolic extracts. Methods: The antifungal activity of neem leaves (Azadirachta indica) ethanolic extracts in combination with A. indica, Eucalyptus citriodora and Cymbopogon martini essential oils was conducted by agar well diffusion method followed by M38-A2 broth microdilution method on pathogenic dermatophytes strains; Microsporum gypseum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes and T. rubrum. Neem leaves extract was obtained by treating the matured green leaves with ethanol. Moreover, HPLC analysis was performed to narrate the terpenoid content having extensively noted antifungal spectrum. The potent antimycotic fluconazole taken as a positive control. Result: The result exhibited that there was overall growth retardation of the dermatophytes at minimum inhibitory concentration between 125 to 250 μg/mL for leaves extract and between 0.078 to 5.0 μL for selected essential oils. The range of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of fluconazole was found between 0.25 and 0.50 μg/mL. Conclusion: Neem leaves ethanolic extracts analysis showed the possible existence of terpenoids in extracts that are recognized having extensive biological action. The outcomes of this study showed a novel report on the therapeutic potential of neem leaves extract with A. indica, E. citriodora and C. martini to control dermatophytosis. The neem leaf extract and antifungal herbal oil in combination have been proven to improve and broad-spectrum antifungal activity and they can be formulated in suitable formulations for the effective treatment of mycosis.

Dual-channel colorimetric sensor based on metal ion mediated color transformation of AuNPs to identify the authenticity and origin of Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma

Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma (AMR) is a bulk herbal foods, which can invigorate spleen and supplement Qi to help health. The accurate identification of the authenticity and origin of AMR is a prerequisite for the safe use and quality control. Herein, a dual-channel colorimetric sensor based on metal ions mediated color transformation of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) was constructed to identify the authenticity and origin of AMR. The Ag+ / cetyltrimethylammonium chloride modified AuNPs (CTAC-AuNPs) sensing channel and Cr3+ / trisodium citrate modified AuNPs (TCA-AuNPs) sensing channel were rationally designed based on two mechanisms that are the silver deposition and the induced aggregation, respectively. When AMR extracts from different origins or its counterfeits were added to the colorimetric sensor, significantly different terpenoids in extracts can bind to Ag+ or Cr3+ to produce different color transformations. AMR samples from three origins (Zhejiang, Hunan and Anhui) and the counterfeit samples (Gynura japonica (Thunb.) Juel., and Atractylodis Rhizoma) were all accurately classified using the dual-channel colorimetric sensor combined with PLSDA. Our sensor has obvious advantages of simple and instrument-free analysis procedure, which will provide a new idea for the convenient identification of AMR and other herbal foods.

Phytochemical Investigation and Determination of Antibacterial Activities of the Fruit and Leaf Crude Extract of Ficus palmata

To cure ailments, the global population makes medicines from plants. Ficus palmata can be used to cure a variety of ailments. The purpose of this study was to examine the phytochemical content and antibacterial activity of methanol extract from Ficus palmata fruit and leaf crude extract. Maceration was used to make the methanol extracts, which were subsequently fractionated. The crude extracts and fractions were subjected to standard phytochemical screening assays. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, polyphenols, anthraquinones, steroids, coumarins, and terpenoids in the crude methanol fruit extract. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, polyphenols, anthraquinones, steroids, and terpenoids in the extract. The determination of trace metals in leaves and fruit samples using a flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer revealed that the fruits contained relatively high quantities of iron and other nutritionally essential elements, such as magnesium, calcium, and copper, whereas the leaves contain a high level of calcium, magnesium, and iron, as well as a small amount of copper.

Antibacterial and Phytochemical Screening of Ethanol Extract of Hemidesmus indicus roots

Hemidesmus indicus belongs to the family Asclepiadaceae, and is one of the rare medicinal and aromatic plants of India. The Hemidesmus indicus recommended for the treatment of various diseases namely skin disease, liver impairment, leprosy, dysentery, bronchitis etc by tribal people. The present study was aimed to investigate the phytochemical and antibacterial activity of ethanol extracts of Hemidesmus indicus root. The ethanol extract of Hemidesmus indicus root was prepared and phytochemical screening was performed. The findings indicate the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, carbohydrates, steroids, polyphenol, saponins and terpenoids in extract. The antibacterial activity of various concentrations (25%, 50%, 75% and 100%) of ethanol extract was tested by disk diffusion method against E. coli, S. aureus, S. epidermis, B. subtilis, P. aeruginosa and S. flexneri. Zones of Inhibition produced by extract at various concentrations against selected strains were measured. The highest zones of growth inhibition were observed against B. subtilis compared to other microorganism. It produced a mean zone diameter of 23.5 mm at a dose of 100% on B. subtilis and lowest zone of growth inhibition was observed on S. epidermis, which gave a zone of inhibition measuring 9.8 mm.

Terpenoids in extracts of Lower Cretaceous ambers from the Basque-Cantabrian Basin (El Soplao, Cantabria, Spain): Paleochemotaxonomic aspects

The composition of terpenoids from well preserved Cretaceous fossil resins and plant tissues from the amber bearing deposits of El Soplao and Reocín in Cantabria (northern Spain) have been analyzed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and the results are discussed using the terpenoid composition of extant conifers as a reference. Amber is present at many horizons within two units of coastal to shallow marine siliciclastics of Albian and Cenomanian age. The fossil resins are associated with black amber (jet) and abundant, well preserved plant cuticle compressions, especially those of the extinct conifer genus Frenelopsis (Cheirolepidiaceae). We report the molecular characterization of two types of amber with different botanical origins. One of them is characterized by the significant presence of phenolic terpenoids (ferruginol, totarol and hinokiol) and pimaric/isopimaric acids, as well as their diagenetic products. The presence of phenolic diterpenoids together with the lack of abietic and dehydroabietic acids excludes both Pinaceae and Araucariaceae as sources for this type of amber. The biological diterpenoid composition is similar to that observed for extant Cupressaceae. The second type of amber is characterized by the absence of phenolic terpenoids and other specific biomarkers. Some terpenoids with uncertain structure were detected, as well as the azulene derivative guaiazulene. Our results suggest that the amber from Cantabria could be fossilized resin from Frenelopsis and other undetermined botanical sources. The biological terpenoid assemblage confirms a chemosystematic relationship between Frenelopsis and modern Cupressaceae.

On the stability of terpenoids in extracts and solutions with varying alcohol concentrations [(author's transl)

AbstractTerpenoide besitzen in alkoholischen Lösungen bzw. Extrakten unterschiedliche Haltbarkeit.Einigermaßen stabile Lösungen aller Terpenoide sind nur mit einer Alkoholkonzentration von ca. 90% möglich.Bei Alkoholkonzentrationen unter 90% sind schon nach kurzer Zeit bei einer Reihe von Terpenoiden Abbaureaktionen zu beobachten.Galenische Zubereitungen ätherischer Öle bzw. ätherischer Öldrogen sollten deshalb nur mit 90proz. Alkohol hergestellt werden.