Oil Terpenes Research Articles

Essential Oil Terpenes: Adjunctive Role in the Management of Childhood Urolithiasis

Essential oil preparation of the terpenic type was introduced for the first time in the 1930s for the management of urolithiasis. Although essential oil preparations are registered in 50 countries, including some developed countries such as the United Kingdom, Italy, and Japan, for use in urolithiasis, no literature has been published in a peer-reviewed English (Anglo-American) medical journal. Recently the use of these terpenes has been investigated in children with urolithiasis and underlying metabolic abnormalities. The aim of this article is to extract the useful and worthy information about the use of these terpenes in urolithiasis from the previous literature as many of these articles are now considered of poor quality for a thorough systematic scientific review. The main disadvantages of most of the old literature about terpenes are the treatment was not followed radiologically and most of these articles represent anecdotal reports of spontaneous passage of calculi and symptomatic improvement of colic in association with the use of terpenes. The other aim is to discuss the possible role of essential oil terpenes in the management of childhood urolithiasis.

Classification of terpene oils using the fish diagrams and the Equivalent Alkane Carbon (EACN) scale

The phase behaviour of ternary systems based on tetraethylene glycol monoalkyl ether (C i E 4) as surfactants and a series of mono- and sesqui-terpenes as fragrance oils was investigated by resorting to the HLD (Hydrophilic–Lipophilic Deviation) concept. Each ternary system was studied by localizing the critical point ( T*, C*) in the fish diagram and the terpenes were characterized by their Equivalent Alkane Carbon Number (EACN). EACN values have been rationalized by considering structural changes of the terpenes, such as number of carbons, branching, cyclisation, unsaturation and aromatisation. The C 8E 4/caryophyllene/water fish diagram has been established and compared with the alkane of closest ACN, i.e. hexane.

Idiopathic hyperuricosuria, hypercalciuria and infantile renal stone disease: new association and therapeutic approach

Background: Urolithiasis in association with idiopathic hypercalciuria (IHC) plus idiopathic hyperuricosuria (IHU) has been reported in older children and adult patients only. IHU plus IHC in association with progressive infantile bilateral renal stone disease has not been previously reported during the first year of life. Aim: The aim of this paper is to report the novel association of IHU, IHC and progressive infantile bilateral renal stone disease and also to report our therapeutic approach for this new association, combining traditional treatments of hyperuricosuria (HU) and hypercalciuria (HC) with recently used essential oil terpenes in the management of childhood and infantile urolithiasis. Patients & methods: An 8.5-month old boy was referred with bilateral multiple stone disease. He initially presented with excessive crying and irritability since early infancy. The first renal stone was detected using ultrasound and intravenous pyelogram (IVP) at the age of 4 months. On referral, he showed signs ...

A possible role of essential oil terpenes in the management of childhood urolithiasis

A possible role of essential oil terpenes in the management of childhood urolithiasis

A possible role of essential oil terpenes in the management of childhood urolithiasis

A possible role of essential oil terpenes in the management of childhood urolithiasis

A possible role of essential oil terpenes in the management of childhood urolithiasis

Background: Most treatments for childhood urolithiasis are preventive, and conservative management such as chemical dissolution has its limitations. As a result, open surgery is still required in childhood lithiasis. With lithotripsy, repeated sessions are often required, a uretral stent may be required and the shock wave may damage the renal parenchyma, particularly when nephrocalcinosis is present. Some authors have reported the disappearance of radiological-proven calculi in adult patients in association with the use of nontoxic terpenes, the essential oils contained in the roots, seeds and leaves of various plants. Patients & methods: From January 2001 to November 2004, 6 patients (5 males and 1 female) with ultrasonographically proven renal or uretral stones were enrolled in a clinical study investigating the possibility of using terpene oily capsules in the management of childhood urolithiasis. A total of 4 children had hypercalciuria and 2 had hyperoxaluria and distal renal tubular acidosis. Their ...

Plant essential oils for pest and disease management

Certain essential plant oils, widely used as fragrances and flavors in the perfume and food industries, have long been reputed to repel insects. Recent investigations in several countries confirm that some plant essential oils not only repel insects, but have contact and fumigant insecticidal actions against specific pests, and fungicidal actions against some important plant pathogens. As part of an effort aimed at the development of reduced-risk pesticides based on plant essential oils, toxic and sublethal effects of some essential oil terpenes and phenols have been investigated using the tobacco cutworm ( Spodoptera litura) and the green peach aphid ( Myzus persicae) as model pest species. In this paper I review (i) the range of biological activities of essential oils and their constituents; (ii) their toxicity and proposed mode-of-action in insects; (iii) their potential health and environmental impacts as crop protectants; and (iv) commercialization of pesticides based on plant essential oils.

Probing essential oil biosynthesis and secretion by functional evaluation of expressed sequence tags from mint glandular trichomes.

Functional genomics approaches, which use combined computational and expression-based analyses of large amounts of sequence information, are emerging as powerful tools to accelerate the comprehensive understanding of cellular metabolism in specialized tissues and whole organisms. As part of an ongoing effort to identify genes of essential oil (monoterpene) biosynthesis, we have obtained sequence information from 1,316 randomly selected cDNA clones, or expressed sequence tags (ESTs), from a peppermint (Mentha x piperita) oil gland secretory cell cDNA library. After bioinformatic selection, candidate genes putatively involved in essential oil biosynthesis and secretion have been subcloned into suitable expression vectors for functional evaluation in Escherichia coli. On the basis of published and preliminary data on the functional properties of these clones, it is estimated that the ESTs involved in essential oil metabolism represent about 25% of the described sequences. An additional 7% of the recognized genes code for proteins involved in transport processes, and a subset of these is likely involved in the secretion of essential oil terpenes from the site of synthesis to the storage cavity of the oil glands. The integrated approaches reported here represent an essential step toward the development of a metabolic map of oil glands and provide a valuable resource for defining molecular targets for the genetic engineering of essential oil formation.

Needle oil terpenes of Serbian spruce from three localities

The volatile oils from needles of Serbian spruce from two localities in Serbia outside of the native range and one locality from Germany (Hamburg) were determined to have the same terpene pattern, with bornyl acetate as the major component.

Chemosystematic studies in the genus Pinus. VII. The leaf oil terpene composition of ponderosa pine, Pinus ponderosa

The leaf oil terpene composition of ponderosa pines (Pinus ponderosa Laws.) from 37 sites west of the Continental Divide north of 42°, 5 sites east of the Divide in Montana, and 1 each from the Black Hills, South Dakota, Wilkerson Pass, Colorado, and Grand Canyon, Arizona was determined. Tree-to-tree variation was quite low, as was between-population variability at all northwestern locations. Quantitative and qualitative differences in several leaf oil terpenes were found between these and the eastern populations, which lends strong support to the taxonomic separation of ponderosa pine into the typical variety ponderosa and the northeastern var. scopulorum. Intermediate leaf oil terpene compositions were found in several trees near the Continental Divide, indicating that there is a transition between these two varieties. Whereas the Black Hills and Wilkerson Pass samples had terpene compositions that were similar to those of trees from eastern Montana, those from the Grand Canyon area differed quantitatively, indicating that a bridge to the southeastern var. arizonica may be found in the leaf oil composition as well. Key words: ponderosa pine, terpenes, leaf oil, varieties, geographic distribution, chemosystematics.

Efficacy of Experimental Newcastle Disease Water-in-Oil Oil-Emulsion Vaccines Formulated from Squalane and Squalene

Water-in-oil inactivated Newcastle disease oil-emulsion vaccines were formulated with the terpene oils squalane or squalene, or mixtures thereof, and injected into 4-week-old broilers. Vaccine efficacy based on hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) titers was comparable to that of control mineral oil vaccines. Tissue reaction to intramuscular injection of the terpene oil emulsion vaccines was greatly reduced 3 weeks post-vaccination compared with that of mineral oil-based vaccine. Viscosity of the terpene oil vaccines was satisfactory but increased three to four times that of mineral oil vaccine when the antigen phase volume increased from 5% to 20%.

Plasticity and genotypic variation in some Mentha × verticillata hybrids

Leaf and flower oil terpene composition and several plant morphological characteristics of 17 Mentha × verticillata hybrids were analysed during two growing seasons (1988 and 1989). The data obtained were used to study the phenotypic plasticity, the genotypic variation and the genetic variation for phenotypic plasticity. All plants showed high leveis of phenotypic plasticity for both oil chemical and morphometrical parameters. Higher degrees of genotypic variation were found among the plants for oll components while a higher phenotypic plasticity was observed for morphological parameters. Temperatures and rainfall data were collected during the growing seasons and correlated to the data obtained from plant oil and morphology. Low levels of phenotypic plasticity and high degrees of genotypic variation were found to form outliers in the population of M. x verticillata hybrids. The results obtained confirm a significant effect of environmental conditions on the physiology and morphology of the genus Mentha.

Some observations on the leaf oil terpene composition of mountain hemlock, Tsugamertensiana

The leaf oil terpene composition of mountain hemlock (sugamertensiana (Bong) Carr.) from eight central–coastal, three interior, and three southern populations was determined. High intra- but low inter-population variation was found. No significant elevational differences were recorded. Most trees from the southern populations had lower car-3-ene and higher α-pinene and β-phellandrene percentages than those from northern locations. Interior populations did not differ extensively from coastal populations. Owing to the high tree-to-tree variability, putative hybridization of mountain hemlock with western hemlock would be difficult to detect by leaf oil terpene analysis.

Applications of gas chromatography to the study of terpenoid metabolism

Studies on the enzymology and mechanism of biosynthesis of the essential oil terpenes are often hampered by the need to resolve and detect trace levels of these metabolites, an analytical requirement for which gas chromatography is ideally suited. Essential principles in the application of gas chromatography to terpenoid metabolism are described, with particular emphasis on experimental strategies employing flame ionization, mass spectrometric and thermal conductivity—radiochemical detection methods. The general approaches described can be readily adapted to studies on the origin of other volatile natural products.

Chemosystematic study of Thuja plicata: Multivariate analysis of leaf oil terpene composition

Leaf oil terpene compositions from 55 western red cedar populations were analysed by discriminant and numerical analyses. The overall low intra- and interpopulational variability was confirmed, but small differences between coastal and interior populations were detected by canonical discriminant functions. There were also some minor differences between the populations from Vancouver Island and those near the Juan de Fuca Strait. No consistent correlations between northern and southern locations, elevation, or atypical morphology (branching), and terpene composition were found. Several outlier populations were indicated, but these were randomly distributed. It was concluded that discriminant analysis provided more detailed information than other treatments.

Chemosystematic studies in the genus Pinus. VI. General survey of the leaf oil terpene composition of lodgepole pine

The leaf terpene composition of 645 individual lodgepole pine trees and 79 bulked samples from 111 different sites or provenances and from one putative and three western jack pine populations (10 trees each) were analyzed by gas chromatography. Numerical analysis by a centroid cluster analysis of the mean squared Euclidean distances was carried out, and percentile distributions of the individual terpenes were plotted. The data obtained confirmed the previous subdivision into the major terpene pattern types A, B, and C (or H) and five subgroups (based on the high modes in bimodal distributions); four additional subgroups were added. Except for typical coastal populations, inter- and intra-populational terpene pattern variation was high. Centroid clustering and assignment of terpene types and subgroups lead to some distinct geographical groupings. Coastal populations (ssp. contorta) were found to be rather unifornm and only a minor difference appears to exist between northern and southern populations. Those near Haines, Alaska, the Skeena Valley, southeastern Vancouver Island, and the Puget Sound showed intermediacy with interior (ssp. latifolia) stands. The Fort Bragg (ssp. bolanderi) and Samoa populations from northern coastal California contained many trees with unique terpene patterns. The interior populations (ssp. latifolia) were highly variable and inverse frequencies of the type A (high near the coast) and type B (high in and near the Rocky Mountains) were recorded in several west-east transects. Introgression with jack pine, as measured by the frequency of type C/H patterns, was extensive in northeastern Alberta and the Peace River area of British Columbia. However, some difficulty in describing recent introgression was encountered. A unique (possibly archaic) population was encountered at Petitot River. The ssp. murrayana from the southern Cascades of Oregon and northern California could not be distinguished from ssp. latifolia further north by the terpenoid data.

On the genuineness of citrus essential oils. Part XV. Detection of added orange oil terpenes in lemon essential oils

AbstractSicilian lemon essential oil is a very high quality product which is offered to the international market at prices that are higher than those of the lemon essential oils produced in other citrus‐growing countries.Market competition sometimes leads producers to ‘blend’ genuine essential oil with less expensive products, which are generally ‘citral’ and orange terpenes.These terpenes, which are usually obtained from orange essential oil produced abroad, possess characteristics which modify the composition of lemon essential oil, even if added in only moderate quantities.In particular, the percentage of Δ3‐carene and the ratios of Δ3‐carene/α‐terpinene and Δ3‐carene/camphene can provide a good indication of the possible addition of orange essential oil or ‐of by‐products obtained therefrom to genuine lemon essential oil.After a study made on a great number of genuine lemon essential oils, on several samples of sweet orange terpenes, and on a large number of lemon oil and orange terpene blends we propose a gas chromatographic method which allows the detection of the addition of even 5% of sweet orange oil terpenes to genuine lemon essential oils.

The Volatile Twig and Leaf Oil Terpene Compositions of Three Western North American Larches, Larix laricina, Larix occidentalis, and Larix lyallii

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Volatile Twig and Leaf Oil Terpene Compositions of Three Western North American Larches, Larix laricina, Larix occidentalis, and Larix lyalliiErnst von RudloffCite this: J. Nat. Prod. 1987, 50, 2, 317–321Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 July 2004Published inissue 1 March 1987https://doi.org/10.1021/np50050a051RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views148Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (302 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts

The leaf oil terpene composition of eastern white pine, Pinus strobus L

AbstractAnalysis by an on‐line computerized gas‐chromatrographic (g.c.)‐mass spectral method of the steam‐volatile leaf oil of eastern white pine confirmed that α‐ and β‐pinene, and myrcene are the main monoterpenes, with lesser amounts of camphene, car‐3‐ene, β‐phellandrene, limonene, terpinolene, α‐terpineol, and bornyl acetate. In addition, germacrene‐D and caryophyllene were identified as the main sesquiterpenes; lesser amounts of humulene and δ‐cadinene were also found. Small or trace amounts of hexanal, hex‐2‐enal, tricyclene, o‐cymene, α‐phellandrene, α‐terpinene, p‐cymene, γ‐terpinene, α‐fenchol, pinocamphone, terpinen‐4‐ol, a cadinol isomer, manoyl oxide, and a kauranol isomer were identified. Germacrene‐D tended to rearrange to other sesquiterpenes on all but highly deactivated g.c. columns.

Chemosystematic studies in the genus Pinus. V. Variation in the leaf oil terpene composition of young and old lodgepole pine trees from different moisture regimes near Prince George, British Columbia

The leaf oil terpene composition of lodgepole pine stands from contrasting moisture regimes (400–1200 mm precipitation) within upland and bog sites in the Prince George area of central British Columbia was investigated. In addition to the terpene patterns recorded previously, a new one with relatively high percentages (5–28%) of the terpinene group was found. This pattern was encountered mainly in old trees with very low yields (less than 0.1%) of volatile oil, especially in trees from shaded stands. The absence of resin canals in the leaves of such trees may be the reason for the low yields, but the reason for the link with relatively high terpinene group percentages is obscure. Young trees growing in the vicinity of such stands had mainly the normal patterns. No differences between upland and bog sites or dry and wet sites were found in young trees. Hence, old trees from bogs or wet sites east of Prince George provided progeny with the normal terpene patterns, even though many of the old trees have the new terpene pattern. Samples from two 12- to 13-year-old provenance trials originating from west and east of Prince George had terpene patterns similar to those of the young trees from the natural stands.