Ternopil Region Research Articles

Actual problems of physical education of school- aged children in the conditions of an inclusive environment

The article examines the results of an analysis of statistical data from the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine on the state of inclusive education in general secondary education institutions, as well as current issues in the physical education of children with special educational needs (SEN). The study uses official reports from 2020 to 2023, along with data on access to inclusive education for children with SEN in the Lviv and Ternopil regions. It has been established that over the past four years, Ukraine has seen an increasing trend in the number of children with special educational needs involved in the educational process in general secondary education institutions, rising from 0.45% in 2020 to 0.89% in 2023. However, pedagogical approaches for each specific type of developmental disorder among children with SEN, considering their level of support and educational-methodical provision in physical education, have not been developed. Moreover, there is a pressing issue of staffing and the need to train physical education specialists for inclusive education.

Outstanding Scientist I. Ya. Horbachevsky (dedicated to the 170th birth anniversary)

Ivan Yakovych Horbachevsky is one of the outstanding scientists of world science, whose activities span the middle of the 20th century. He, our compatriot, comes from the village Zarubyntsi, Ternopil region. The numerous scientific and governmental titles, ranks and awards that he was awarded confirm Ivan Horbachevsky’s global authority and popularity. He was elected honorary president of international scientific forums and congresses. He was also entrusted with the most difficult tasks in medicine and education. The scientist brought recognition to University of Vienna. He was elected a member (and later chairman) of the Royal Sanitary Council, given several high titles and appointed the first minister of health in Austria-Hungary. Ivan Horbachevsky’s scientific heritage includes more than 50 works published in German, Czech and Ukrainian languages (only 6 of them were in Ukrainian). He proposed the nomenclature of organic (1924–1926) and inorganic compounds (1939–1941), which formed the basis of the chemical substance classification and nomenclature. His nomenclature was implemented in Ukraine before World War II. Ivan Yakovych Horbachevsky was a candidate for the Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine in 1911. He lived for 67 years outside of his motherland, but he was closely connected with Ukraine, and did a lot for our state independence.

Significance of the Pledges of Tovste оf 1427 and 1444 in Politics of Gediminids and Jagiellonians

The Tovste urban-type settlement is currently located in Chortkiv district of Ternopil region. This publication discusses the content of the relevant documents of 1427 and 1444 on donations of 100 marks in coins of that time each from Grand Duke of Lithuania Vytautas the Great and King of Poland Wladislaus III of Varna to members of the family of Hinkovyches. Both documents are stored in the Archive of the Radziwiłły family at the Main Archive of Ancient Acts in Warsaw. The grant of Duke Vytautas the Great was first published, obviously, by the medievalist, Prof Władysław Semkowicz. The latest generalizations about these donations belong to Dr. Janusz Kurtyka and Prof. Vitaliy Mykhaylovskiy. The document of 1427, given to Ivanko Hinkovych in Horodło, was apparently issued on October 2. The Grand Ducal seal is preserved. The provision was made in “grosses of Podolia”. But in fact, due to the fact that this is the common name of coins in circulation in Podolia at that time, it is difficult to determine the specific coin. The Lithuanian Duke did not directly indicate the merits for which the grant was awarded, so definition of the purpose of the donation is also based on assumptions. Apparently, in this way Duke Vytautas the Great sought to strengthen himself throughout Podolia, and perhaps this was part of his policy of establishing control even over all of Rus' and the Golden Horde. Simultaneously, the Lithuanian ruler had an obligation to establish the Church Union with Rome. The document of 1444, given to Bohdan Hinkovych in Orșova, was apparently issued on September 24. The royal seal is also preserved. The grant was probably made in the amount of 100 marks of Cracow, which was divided into 48 grosses. It was at that time that the anti-Ottoman Crusade was already underway under the general supervision of the Holy See in the person of the legate Julian Cesarini. Therefore, it makes sense to assume that the grant to Bohdan was made in the context of its organization. He could even be the direct participant of the campaign. The сrusaders felt an urgent need for recruits. In this case, the royal grants of this kind in Western Podolia and the royal domain of the Jagiellonians were important not only for Central and Eastern Europe, but for all Christians in general in the context of the rescue of Constantinople on the eve of 1453.

Water resources of the Podilia region and their use

Purpose. To analyze the state of water resources of the Podilsk region and the territorial features of water use in order to optimize their use. Methods. Methods of system-structural analysis, statistical, cartographic, modeling. Rresults. The current state and peculiarities of the use of water resources in the territory of the administrative districts of the Podilsk region were analyzed according to the indicators of total water intake from natural water bodies, the use of fresh water in general and the sectoral structure of water use. The main consumers of water resources in the region are industrial enterprises and housing and communal services. The largest share of underground water intake is in Ternopil Oblast, and the smallest in Vinnytsia, which is related to natural reserves of underground water. The largest volumes of water intake from natural water bodies and the use of fresh water are observed in the Khmelnytskyi region, and the smallest - in the Ternopil region. The analysis of the dynamics of water use indicators over the period 2020-2022 determined a decrease in the volume of water intake, especially in 2022, in all regions of the region. The largest share of water is used in the regions of the region for production needs. Conclusions. The dynamics of water consumption in all regions of the region has a tendency to decrease the volume of water intake. There are certain differences in the amount of surface and underground water intake. For many administrative districts and territorial communities, the problem of rational use of water resources is relevant.

Традиції та трансформації народного одягу українців з с. Колодрібка Заліщицької міської громади Чортківського району Тернопільської області впродовж 60-х рр. 20 ст. – 20-х рр. 21 ст.

The purpose of the article is to research and analyze the traditions and transformations of the constituent elements of the folk formations of the western Podillia, using the example of Ukrainians from the village of Kolodribka, Zalishchytska urban community, Chortkiv district, Ternopil region, on the basis of studied historiography, museum sources of information, and expedition materials collected by the author in July 2022. The main trends in changes in the cut, materials and decoration of the components of the body, belt, shoulder and upper both women's and men's clothing, shoes, hats, jewelry, belts and accessories, embroidery techniques, predominant ornamental motifs and colors, primarily embroidered shirts in the 60s of the 20th century – 20s of the 21th century. The methodology of the study of narrow local features and the modern state of national dress in the structure of the material and spiritual culture of Ukrainians of Western Podillia covers a systematic approach, the principles of historicism and objectivity, as well as general scientific (historical, analysis and synthesis, comparative and terminological), historical (historiographical analysis, problematic - chronological, ethnospatial definition), ethnological (direct observation, photo and video recording of phenomena, typological analysis, individual survey and field research) and interdisciplinary (descriptive, methods of museum source studies and visual anthropology) methods. Scientific novelty. In the course of the historical and cultural development of the Podillia region, local features of all components of folk costumes have developed. In addition, each administrative district of one or another local area of Podillia, and often even a separate village, were distinguished by the originality of the methods of cutting, making and decorating clothes and forming an ensemble complex in general. Therefore, if the general regional features of the traditional clothing of the local population have been more or less studied by scientists, then the local and the local and zonal characteristics of the Podillia costume and their transformations remain insufficiently studied to this day. This fact emphasizes the relevance and necessity of implementing the defined problem of the article. Conclusions. An assessment of the value orientations of the local population in the preservation, modification and continuation of the traditions of wearing individual clothing components and the use of Ukrainian ornamentation in view of its symbolism in the decoration of clothing for the purpose of self-identification as a representative of the Ukrainian nation in general and a separate ethnic group in particular, specifically through clothing, is provided. The process of increasing the popularization of ethnic products in the wardrobe of Ukrainians is highlighted and the integration of folk ornamental motifs into modern style as a result of awareness of the depth of Ukrainian culture and getting rid of the label of inferiority.

REGIONAL MANIFESTATIONS OF THE DETERIORATION OF THE NATURAL CONDITIONS OF HEAT AND MOISTURE SUPPLY OF THE TERRITORY IN THE CONDITIONS OF MAINTAINING THE SUSTAINABLE FUNCTIONING OF ECONOMY SYSTEMS IN THE TERRITORY OF TERNOPIL REGION

The publication examines the influence of regional manifestations of the deterioration of natural conditions (moisture supply and unfavorable thermal parameters) on agricultural management. Global climate changes are superimposed by regional manifestations of adverse processes, such as the emission of greenhouse gases generated by an unbalanced land structure, in which we observe an excessive share of arable land. Excessive plowing of the territory leads to increased production of greenhouse gases by arable land, which complicates the manifestation of the greenhouse effect at the local level. Data on the structure of land plots of Ternopil region and Borsukiv territorial community are given. Attention is drawn to the map scheme of changes in the moisture supply of the territory of Ukraine, according to which a very wet climatic annual balance will be preserved only in the mountainous part of the Carpathians, Ternopil region will go from wet to insufficiently wet in its southeastern part, and over time, according to the forecast of 2100, to an insufficiently wet balance in the greater its territory At the same time, about 55% of the southeastern regions are threatened by dry and very dry climatic annual balance. According to the authors, the search for ways to solve the problem can be found in the optimization of land use. The algorithm of the optimization model is prescribed in the methodology of Professor Mykhailo Grodzynskii and consists in determining and ranking the development priorities of the research area and achieving a scientifically justified ratio between natural and anthropogenic land areas. Based on the materials of the Borsukiv territorial community, an optimization model of land use was created, according to which it is proposed to reduce the share of arable land from 65% to 45% due to the removal of heavily eroded and poorly productive lands from the arable wedge and their transfer to liming and afforestation, the share of which in the land use structure of the territorial community increased respectively 21% and 23%. Such optimization measures will ensure the transition from the emission of greenhouse gases by land to their assimilation by forest and meadow vegetation. Increasing the share of forests by 14% will contribute to a 5% increase in precipitation of local origin, which is especially important for stabilizing the water balance of the territory. An increase in the share of natural vegetation will contribute to the maintenance of ecological balance, restoration of biotic and landscape diversity, improved water balance, and natural living conditions of the population.Increasing or stabilizing the degree of humidification of territories under the conditions of global and regional climate changes is becoming an important scientific and applied problem, the solution of which requires the development and implementation of strategic tasks of sustainable development at the levels of regional, administrative and district territorial entities, the level of territorial communities, Starosty districts. Taking into account the priority criteria for the development of territorial entities is the first stage of optimizing the use of nature in these administrative-territorial entities. The second stage of the landscape and ecological optimization of territories is the substantiation of the ratio of natural and anthropogenic lands. Land optimization will contribute to tireless use of nature and the balancing of basic natural processes with anthropogenic ones. In the future, we envisage the creation of optimization models of land use for all territorial communities of the region, which will optimize the development of natural and economic systems. Keywords: regional manifestations of climatic conditions, land use structure, optimization, territorial community.

ВПЛИВ ПОГОДНИХ УМОВ НА ЧИСЕЛЬНІСТЬ АМФІБІЙ ТА РЕПТИЛІЙ В УМОВАХ ПРИРОДНОГО ЗАПОВІДНИКА «МЕДОБОРИ» ЗА ПЕРІОД 2016–2020 РОКІВ

Based on the results of long-term observations, the influence of weather conditions on the dynamics of the number and biodiversity of amphibians and reptiles over five years in the "Medobory" nature reserve was analyzed. The number, reproduction, metamorphosis stages, and distribution of amphibians and reptiles depend significantly on climatic conditions. Low temperatures in spring inhibit spawning and larval development. During critical periods, a low amount of precipitation (e.g., 15.7 mm in May 2016, 9.1 mm in April 2018, and 12.1 mm in April 2019, compared to the norm of 45 mm) also negatively affects amphibian populations. This factor led to the disappearance of Triturus cristatus Laur., Lissotriton vulgaris L. (an outbreak was noted in 2014), and Bufo viridis Laur. from the reserve (last observed at MG-1 in 2013), as well as the less common Hyla orientalis Bedriaga. Amphibians and reptiles were recorded during the active period along two regular herpetological routes, MG-1 and MG-2, and observations were made during field research, covering all areas suitable for the reproduction and habitat of amphibians. Eleven species of amphibians have been confirmed in the reserve, belonging to six families: Salamandridae, Bombinatoridae, Pelobatidae, Bufonidae, Hylidae, and Ranidae. Among these amphibians, five species are listed in Appendix II of the Berne Convention, and one species (T. cristatus Laur.) is included in the Red Book of Ukraine. The most common amphibian species are Rana temporaria L., Rana arvalis Nilsson, and Bufo bufo L. Frogs such as Pelophylax lessonae Camerano and Pelophylax ridibundus Pallas occasionally occur within the reserve, as they require an aquatic environment even after reproduction. There are seven species of reptiles in the reserve and one in the immediate vicinity, out of the ten recorded in the Ternopil region. These reptiles occupy the most suitable habitats for their survival. The species represent five families: Emydidae (freshwater turtles), Anguidae (spindly lizards), Lacertidae (true lizards), Colubridae (snakes), and Viperidae (vipers). Common species include Lacerta agilis Andrz., Natrix natrix L., and Anguis fragilis L. Six species of reptiles are included in Appendix II of the Berne Convention, and the common copperhead (Coronella austriaca Laur.) is included in the Red Book of Ukraine.

Mineral Composition of Blackcurrant (Ribes Nigrum L.) Fruits and Leaves

Background Plants as living systems are characterized by the appropriate degree of accumulation of macro- and microelements, which, acting as factors of the external environment, are basic modulators for synthesizing biologically active substances. Blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum L., Grossulariaceae) is widespread worldwide. Berries, leaves, and buds are medicinal raw materials in folk medicine. The regularity of inorganic elements accumulation in this plant and their impact on the quality of raw materials are topical and need to be studied. Aims This work aimed to study the mineral composition of R. nigrum raw materials collected in Western Ukraine (Ivano-Frankivsk and Ternopil regions) and find the regularity of their accumulation in the plant parts and from the soils. Methods The elemental compositions of R. nigrum fruits and leaves, as well as the soils of the growth places, were studied using the method of atomic emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma iCAP 7000 Duo. Results The content of 19 inorganic elements in R. nigrum raw materials was established. Their quantities don’t differ significantly depending on the growth places. All the fruits had high K, Na, Mg, P, and Ca contents, which were slightly lower in leaves. Thus, the fruits contain 590-675 mg/kg of Mg, while in leaves, there are just 98-106 mg/kg. Most of Fe was accumulated in the fruits (73-85 mg/kg). The content of Mn was observed in the leaves (57-64 mg/kg), slightly higher than in the fruits (47-51 mg/kg). The content of heavy metals in the objects was within the permitted limits of European Pharmacopeia. The results testify to the inverse relationship between the content of most elements in the soils and the coefficient of their accumulation in the plant. Conclusion The content of macro- and microelements in R. nigrum fruits and leaves had similar profiles but differed in their quantitates. The regularity of element accumulation in R. nigrum raw materials corresponds to the following profile in accordance with their quantitative content in the raw materials: K> Na> P> Mg> Ca> Si> Fe> Mn> Al> Se> Zn> Cu> Co> I> Pb> Ni> Mo> Sr> Cd. The regularity of their accumulation in the plant parts from the soils was established.

Сільські бібліотеки західних областей УРСР як чинник радянізації регіону в 1944–1949 роках (за документами Державного архіву Тернопільської області)

Сільські бібліотеки західних областей УРСР як чинник радянізації регіону в 1944–1949 роках (за документами Державного архіву Тернопільської області)

Information and methodological provision of statistical analysis of the intensity of subsoil use in Ukraine in accordance with the goals of sustainable development in the pre-war and war period

It has been established that the information base for the statistical analysis of the intensity of subsoil use is aggregated statistical information based on individual statistical data contained in the Tax Declaration on rent payments with its annexes. An analysis of the structure of tax revenues of rent payments to local budgets by region of Ukraine for 2021 was carried out. It was found that Dnipropetrovsk region has the largest share of rent payments as tax revenue of local budgets, and Odesa region has the lowest. Regions were grouped according to the components of the rent in terms of natural resources. Zhytomyr region is the leader in terms of tax revenue from rent for the use of forest resources, Zaporizhia region for water resources, Poltava region for national importance, and Kyiv region for subsoil of local importance. The distribution of regions according to the amount of rent for the use of subsoil of national and local importance is given. It was found that the vast majority of local budgets have a predominance of the amount of rent received for the use of subsoil of national importance over local ones, except for Kyiv, Ternopil and Chernivtsi regions. The regions of Ukraine were grouped by specialization in subsoil use based on the local budgets of each region for 2021. Ten regions specialize in the use of subsoil of national significance. Nine regions have the highest share of tax revenues from rent for the use of forest resources. Four regions have specialization in the use of water resources. Subsoil of local importance is a priority natural resource for the Ternopil region. An assessment of the profitability of mining enterprises among all enterprises of the extractive industry and the development of quarries by region during the period of martial law was carried out. It was found that in most regions of Ukraine in 2022, more than half of the mining enterprises were unprofitable.

First record of Helix lucorum (Gastropoda: Helicidae) in Western Ukraine, with remarks on its present distribution in other parts of the country

In the west of Ukraine, the Turkish snail Helix lucorum was first discovered in 2020 at one of the household plots in Chortkiv, Ternopil region. It was found that the owner of the house specially brought snails from France for his children. Until the beginning of the 21st century, H. lucorum was known in Ukraine only from the mountainous Crimea, where it was presumably brought by Greek colonists. The distribution area of this species in Crimea gradually expanded, in particular, due to targeted introductions. Since 2010, single population of H. lucorum have been recorded in Ukraine outside of Crimea. Judging by the shell colouration, only some of them could have been founded by individuals from the Crimea, with almost unnoticeable spiral banding and distinct radial streaks. Other populations are of unclear origin, and their founders may have been brought from different parts of the present range of H. lucorum. In particular, shells with wide dark, often fused bands and a distinct light gap between them on the shell periphery are characteristic of most known introduced European populations of H. lucorum, and are also common in the Krasnodar region of Russia, from where they could have been introduced to the east of Crimea (Kerch Peninsula).

Chromatographic analysis of flavonoids and phenolic acids in the herb Ocimum sanctum L.

The genus Basil (Ocimum L.), which belongs to the Mint (Lamiaceae Martinov) family, includes more than 70 species and several subspecies of herbaceous plants and subshrubs. In wild nature, they are common on almost all continents in tropical and subtropical regions, less often in temperate climates. Holy basil (Ocimum sanctum L.) is most often used in folk medicine of various countries. The medicinal properties of this plant are determined mainly by the essential oil and polyphenols. As it is known, the chemical composition of plant raw materials can vary significantly depending on genetic characteristics (subspecies, chemotype) as well as on soil and climatic conditions during its cultivation.
 This study aimed to determine the chromatographic profile of flavonoids and phenolic acids in the Ocimum sanctum herb during its cultivation in the conditions of the Ternopil Region (Ukraine). The aerial part of the studied plant was harvested at the beginning of flowering in the summer of 2023. The dried raw material was crushed and sifted through a sieve. The chromatographic profile of flavonoids and phenolic acids was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using an Agilent Technologies 1200 chromatograph. The raw material was extracted using 80% methanol in an ultrasonic bath. Identification and quantitative analysis were carried out using solutions of standard samples of flavonoids and phenolic acids. Calibration was carried out by the method of external standards.
 It was revealed that the Ocimum sanctum herb contains eight phenolic acids, among which hydroxycinnamic rosmarinic acid (10 453.48 μg/g) dominated. In general, the content of hydroxycinnamic acids in the raw material of the studied species was significantly higher than that of hydroxybenzoic acids. Among the six identified flavonoids, the highest content was determined for the flavanone neohesperidin (11 720.79 μg/g); the content of other flavonoids, in particular, flavonol derivatives (quercetin, rutin, quercetin-3-O-glycoside, kaempferol-3-O-glycoside) and flavone (luteolin) was significantly lower.
 Considering the significant therapeutic potential of the predominant phenolic compounds, the planning of further pharmacological studies of phytosubstances based on the raw material of the studied species deserves attention.

Ternopil region museums in the age of social media: From preservation to interaction

Purpose of the research. The article is devoted to the current topic of museums’ role in modern society, which is characterised by the widespread use of social media as the main communication and information channel. The research methodology is based on the use of general scientific and special research methods: analysis, synthesis, generalisation, systematisation of materials, induction, and deduction. The novelty of the study lies in the comprehensiveness of the research on the social media activity of museums in the Ternopil region. The authors investigate how museums adapt to new audience requirements and use social media as a tool to attract visitors, promote cultural heritage, and create a dialogue with the public. The article is based on a comparative analysis of the experience of different museums that use social media to achieve their mission. The authors put forward a hypothesis that museums in the era of social media are moving from preservation to interaction, becoming not only cultural but also social institutions. Conclusions. The author emphasises that museums are important carriers of cultural memory and identity, but their role is changing due to the spread of digital technologies and social media. Social media provide museums with opportunities to increase visibility, attractiveness, and accessibility, as well as to collect feedback, take into account the needs and interests of the audience, and form communities and partnerships. The author analyses how museums use social media for various purposes, such as informing, educating, entertaining, promoting, engaging, collaborating, and socialising. The authors also consider the challenges and benefits of using social media for museums, such as the changing role of visitors, competition with other sources of information and entertainment, and the need to maintain relevance and quality of content. The article concludes that museums in the era of social media should reconsider their mission and strategy to meet current trends and audience expectations. It is determined that museums should move from preservation to interaction, i.e. put not only exhibits in the centre but also people who visit them, creating opportunities for them to learn, communicate, participate, and co-create

Статистичний аналіз дорожньо-транспортних пригод у Тернопільській області та заходи щодо зниження аварійності

The aim of this study is to analyze the dynamics, causes, and consequences of road traffic accidents (RTAs) in the Ternopil region over the past five years. This analysis seeks to identify the primary types of RTAs, determine the most frequent causes, and propose effective measures to reduce the number of accidents and their severity. By understanding these factors, we aim to enhance road safety and minimize the socio-economic impacts associated with RTAs in this region. In this study, a comprehensive statistical analysis of RTAs in the Ternopil region was conducted. This analysis revealed a significant increase in the number of accidents, which reached 2547 cases in 2023, an 11% rise compared to 2022. The primary types of accidents identified include collisions (50%), hitting obstacles (19%), hitting stationary vehicles (16%), and pedestrian accidents (8%). The study found that the highest mortality rates occur in pedestrian accidents (34%) and vehicle collisions (33%). Key causes of RTAs were identified as violations of maneuvering rules (40%), speeding (23%), failure to maintain a safe distance (10%), driving under the influence of alcohol (7%), and violations at intersections (5%). Based on these findings, several recommendations were made to enhance road safety. These include the implementation of artificial road bumps, installation of traffic lights with adjustable timers, additional road signs, high-visibility and illuminated pedestrian crossings, and the use of surveillance cameras to monitor compliance with traffic rules and identify violators. Moreover, the study emphasizes the importance of developing and implementing methodologies for predicting accident rates using statistical methods and conflict zone analysis, as well as calculating accident-related economic and environmental losses to evaluate the effectiveness of proposed measures. This study underscores the urgent need for improved road safety measures in the Ternopil region. Implementing the recommended strategies and methodologies will significantly reduce the number of RTAs, enhance overall road safety, decrease the risks of injuries and fatalities, and lower the economic costs associated with road traffic accidents. These findings provide a clear roadmap for policymakers and road safety authorities to take actionable steps towards a safer road environment.

ОПТИМІЗАЦІЯ ГІДРОЕКОЛОГІЧНОГО СТАНУ РІЧКОВО-БАСЕЙНОВИХ СИСТЕМ ТЕРНОПІЛЬСЬКОЇ ОБЛАСТІ: СУЧАСНІСТЬ ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ

The article is devoted to a comprehensive assessment of existing programs at the national and regional level, as well as measures provided for by the Management Plan for the Dniester River Basin District within Ternopil Oblast and aimed at improving the hydro-ecological state of the region’s river basin systems. These are the “State-wide target program for the development of water management and ecological improvement of the Dnipro River basin for the period until 2021”, the state program “Drinking water of Ukraine for 2011-2020”, regional programs: “Program for the protection of the natural environment in the Ternopil region for 2014- 2020”, the program “Drinking water of Ternopil for 2018-2020”, “Program for the development of water management and water-ecological improvement of the natural environment of the Ternopil region for the period until 2021”, a number of investment projects aimed at improving the hydro-ecological condition of the rivers of the Dniester basin in within Ternopil region. The Management Plan for the Dniester River Basin District (PURB Dniester), among other sections, contains a list of programs (plans) of measures for the river basin district, their content and problems to be solved. A total of 28 main measures are proposed for the plan of measures of the Dniester PURB within Ternopil region. Most of them (93%) are aimed at reducing the pollution of water bodies by organic, biogenic and hazardous substances from sewage treatment plants (WTP) in urbanized areas and industrial enterprises (point pollution). The Dniester River Basin District Management Plan also provides for a number of measures aimed at reducing diffuse pollution of water bodies

INFLUENCE OF THE SMALL HYDROPOWER STATIONS ON THE HYDROLOGIC PROCESSES IN THE SERET RIVER (LEFT TRIBUTARY OF THE DNISTER RIVER)

Sources of the Seret River are located near Ratyshchi village in Ternopil region. The river has the length of 248 km, the catchment area is about 3,900 km2. During the last 15 years seven small hydropower stations (SHPS) have been constructed in the Seret riverbed (Zahidhydroenergo, Velykohaivs’ka, Lux-2, Yanivs’ka, Chortkivs’ka, Bilche-Zolotets’ka, Bilche-Zolotets’ka-2, and Kasperivs’ka). Since all the SHPS are situated in the Seret riverbed and have a dam which decelerate water flow velocity, they influence the water runoff, sediments runoff, and water quality. After their building the cases of flooding of villages, overgrowing of the river bed reservoirs by algae plants became more often, and the long-term dynamics of the water and sediments runoff changed. To assess the water and sediments runoff changes in the catchment and to ascertain correlation between these changes and the SHPS the monitoring data sets of the Hydro-Meteorological Survey of Ukraine and the Carpathian Hydrological Observatory were analyzed. Recently the observations on the water runoff are implemented at two gauging stations: Velyka Berezovytsia village and Chortkiv city. The sediments runoff data are collected by the Chortkiv gauging station. The assessment of the water and sediments runoff changes in the Seret River in the period 1948–2022 and ascertaining of the role of water regulating by dams and reservoirs of small hydropower stations in the riverbed have been carried out. We also carried out a comparison of the sediments runoff module for the Seret River and the neighbouring Koropets River.

Подорожі українськими лабіринтами як напрям спелеотуризму

The article presents the basics of speleotourism, highlights the state and development of speleotourism in Ukraine. An analysis of the territory was carried out for the development of the excursion. As part of the study, objects were selected and a route was planned, which runs through the territory of Chernivtsi and Ternopil regions. A technological map of the excursion, a description of the main objects and the main that of the excursion have been developed. A project track of the route with a detailed description has been compiled.

Structural and content features of the informational and methodological bulletin «Rada»

Introduction. Periodicals of Ukraine requires a detailed scientific study, especially local editions of the period of Independence. The informative and methodical newsletter of the Ternopil Regional Council “Rada” is an extraordinary representative of local periodicals. Relevance and purpose. The relevance of the research is determined by the lack of scientific studies of periodicals of the Ternopil region. The purpose of the article is to characterize the structural and content features of the informational and methodical bulletin “Rada” as a representative of the local press. Novelty. The novelty is that the “Rada” bulletin is described according to the typology of periodicals and from the point of view of the structural and content organization of the magazine for the first time. Methodology. Theoretical sources have been studied using methods of analysis and synthesis. Quantitative and qualitative analysis was used to process the issues of the magazine. The classification features of the gazetteer have been outlined on the basis of a sequential sample. Content analysis, methods of classification and theoretical generalization have been used to describe the collected material. Results. It has been found out that according to typological features, the Rada newspaper is a text printed magazine periodical, original and monolingual, of official, socio-political and industrial-practical purpose. In accordance with self-positioning, it contains informational materials on various topics and methodological developments in the field of public administration for 2002–2013. The rubric system is subordinated to the communicative strategy of the publication. The author’s diagram reflects their frequency and ratio for the entire time of publication of the gazette and demonstrates a balanced presentation of various thematic materials. Publications of state-building, social, legal, economic, historical, and cultural topics occupy a significant place in the content structure of the publication. Conclusions. Theoretical sources have been studied using methods of analysis and synthesis. Quantitative and qualitative analysis was used to process the issues of the magazine. The classification features of the gazetteer have been outlined based on a sequential sample. Content analysis, methods of classification and theoretical generalization have been used to describe the collected material.

Monitoring the spread of quarantine organisms in the conditions of the Ternopil region

Monitoring the spread of quarantine organisms in the conditions of the Ternopil region

THE IMPACT OF STILLAGE FILTRATE ON THE SYNTHESIS OF VOLATILE IMPURITIES OF ALCOHOL AND THE OPTIMIZATION OF THE RECTIFICATION PROCESS

The aim of this research is to determine the influence stillage filtrate on the synthesis of volatile impurities in alcohol, with subsequent removal through the rectification process in a rectification unit operating in an energy-saving mode at pressures lower than atmospheric. The study was conducted at the state enterprise (hereinafter - SE) "Kozlivsky Distillery" located at: Ternopil region, Kozlivsky district, urban-type settlement Kozliv, using gas chromatographic method for determining the content of microcomponents (acetaldehyde, methanol, fusel oil components, esters) using capillary columns. The rectification unit includes various components such as the mash column, hydroselection column, rectification column, methanol column, impurity concentration column and "zero" column. During the research, technological parameters of operation of each unit component were studied, and the concentration of organic impurities in alcohol at different stages was determined. The results of this study allow improving the efficiency of the rectification unit, which is of great importance in alcohol production. Research was conducted on the impact stillage filtrate on the synthesis of volatile impurities in alcohol during fermentation. The research was carried out with the full use iltrate of stillage at the stage of preparing the fermenting substrate. The mash had different concentrations of dry substances. The stillage filtrate was obtained by centrifugation of native stillage and its suspended matter concentration did not exceed 1%. The influence of the amount stillage filtrate and the number of cycles of its recirculation on the biosynthesis of volatile organic compounds during fermentation was studied. The research results showed that the use stillage filtrate at the stage of preparing the fermenting substrate contributes to reducing water consumption and slows down the synthesis of acetaldehyde and higher alcohols during fermentation. With repeated use stillage filtrate, the synthesis process changes, which affects the concentration of volatile organic compounds in the fermentation mash. This impact should be taken into account when selecting operating modes of the rectification unit. Therefore, to obtain high-quality rectified alcohol, it is necessary to adjust the appropriate operating mode of the rectification unit and consider the influence stillage filtrate on the fermentation process.