The growing problem of water contamination can be efficiently addressed using easily recoverable photocatalysts. Graphene Oxide (GO) is a well-studied photocatalyst for industrial effluent remediation, pharmaceutical degradation, and dye degradation. Its photophysical characteristics are morphology-dependent and show enhanced activity in MoO3/HAp nanocomposites. Hydrothermal synthesis of MoO3/HAp nanocomposites encapsulated in graphene formed a unique ternary nanostructure. XRD and XPS confirmed the crystalline phase and oxidation states, while FT-IR and EDAX validated atomic bonds and component dispersion. FE-SEM and HR-TEM showed a mesoporous surface and narrow size distribution. The visible-light-active MoO3/HAp/GO had a bandgap of 2.6 eV and low recombination rate. Photodegradation tests on antibiotics (Ciprofloxacin and Levofloxacin) and dyes (Congo Red and Methylene Blue) demonstrated high photocatalytic ability. Solar light achieved 98 % degradation for Ciprofloxacin, 88 % for Levofloxacin, 91 % for Congo Red, and 93 % for Methylene Blue. Post-photocatalytic analysis showed high catalyst reusability (13 % and 7 % reduction after 4 cycles for antibiotics; 13 % decrease after 5 cycles for dyes). Trapping experiments revealed that •OH and O2•- were key for antibiotic breakdown, while e− and h+ were crucial for dye degradation. This research highlights MoO3/HAp/GO's potential to eliminate persistent pollutants.