Ternary Nanohybrid Research Articles

Graphene oxide-mediated scalable preparation of heterostructured MoS2–MoO2/graphene nanohybrids for efficient energy storage and hydrogen evolution reaction

A scalable and solid-state method was developed to prepare MoS2–MoO2/graphene ternary nanohybrids for energy storage and electrocatalytic applications.

Organic-Inorganic Ternary Nanohybrids of Single-Walled Carbon Nanohorns for Room Temperature Chemiresistive Ethanol Detection.

Organic–inorganic ternary nanohybrids consisting of oxidized-single walled carbon nanohorns-SnO2-polyvinylpyrrolidone (ox-SWCNH/SnO2/PVP) with stoichiometry 1/1/1 and 2/1/1 and ox-SWCNH/ZnO/PVP = 5/2/1 and 5/3/2 (all mass ratios) were synthesized and characterized as sensing films of chemiresistive test structures for ethanol vapor detection in dry air, in the range from 0 up to 50 mg/L. All the sensing films had an ox-SWCNH concentration in the range of 33.3–62.5 wt%. A comparison between the transfer functions and the response and recovery times of these sensing devices has shown that the structures with ox-SWCNH/SnO2/PVP = 1/1/1 have the highest relative sensitivities of 0.0022 (mg/L)−1, while the devices with ox-SWCNH/SnO2/PVP = 2/1/1 have the lowest response time (15 s) and recovery time (50 s) for a room temperature operation, proving the key role of carbonic material in shaping the static and dynamic performance of the sensor. These response and recovery times are lower than those of “heated” commercial sensors. The sensing mechanism is explained in terms of the overall response of a p-type semiconductor, where ox-SWCNH percolated between electrodes of the sensor, shunting the heterojunctions made between n-type SnO2 or ZnO and p-type ox-SWCNH. The hard–soft acid–base (HSAB) principle supports this mechanism. The low power consumption of these devices, below 2 mW, and the sensing performances at room temperature may open new avenues towards ethanol sensors for passive samplers of environment monitoring, alcohol test portable instruments and wireless network sensors for Internet of Things applications.

Synergetic Hybridization Effect of Homogeneously Mixed Inorganic and Graphene Nanosheets on the Photocatalytic Activity of Semiconductor

Using the homogeneous colloidal mixture of conductive metal oxide nanosheet (NS) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) NS as hybridization matrices provides universal way of optimizing the photocatalyst functionality of semiconductor nanocrystals. A self‐assembly between CdS quantum dots (QDs) and RuO2/rGO NSs yields strongly coupled ternary nanohybrids with enhanced photocatalytic activity and increased porosity. Even with its lower RuO2 content, the ternary CdS−RuO2/rGO nanohybrid exhibits notably higher photocatalytic activities for visible‐light‐induced H2 evolution and photocurrent generation than binary CdS−RuO2/rGO homologues, underscoring the synergetic hybridization effect of flexible rGO and hydrophilic RuO2 NSs. In comparison with single RuO2/rGO NSs, their homogeneous mixture can play better roles of photosensitizers and cocatalysts, which is mainly responsible for remarkable improvement of photocatalytic activity upon the cohybridization with mixed RuO2/rGO NSs. The current study underscores that cohybridization with complementary inorganic and graphene NSs can provide an efficient and economically feasible methodology to explore novel high‐performance catalyst materials.

Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of the Energy-Storage Behavior of a Polyaniline-Linked Reduced-Graphene-Oxide– SnO2 Ternary Nanohybrid Electrode

Hybrid capacitors are one type of emerging devices in the realm of energy storage. Here, we report the interactions of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) on ${\mathrm{Sn}\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ and polyaniline (PANI) on RGO/${\mathrm{Sn}\mathrm{O}}_{2},$ leading to improved electronic and structural properties and enhanced charge-storage performance for the ternary hybrid RGO/${\mathrm{Sn}\mathrm{O}}_{2}/\mathrm{p}$olyaniline (GSP). The synthesized ternary hybrid exhibits an excellent specific capacitance of 340 F/g at 2 A/g (current density) with 98% capacitance retention for 1000 charge-discharge cycles. The constructed asymmetric GSP||RGO hybrid exhibits an energy density of 12 Wh/kg at a power density of 1.07 kW/kg. We present an insight into the physics behind the enhanced charge-storage performance using density functional theory simulations, along with an analysis of the structural and electronic properties of the hybrid structure and computation of quantum capacitance. There is charge transfer between PANI and RGO/${\mathrm{Sn}\mathrm{O}}_{2},$ resulting in hydrogen bonding between graphene and PANI, which facilitates enhanced charge-storage performance for the ternary nanohybrid structure. Our experimental measurements and theoretical insight predict that the excellent electrochemical performance is due to the synergistic effect of rapid electron transportation between RGO/${\mathrm{Sn}\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ and PANI, and the system may be used as potential electrochemical charge-storage device.

Judicious fabrication of bifunctionalized graphene oxide/MnFe2O4 magnetic nanohybrids for enhanced removal of Pb(II) from water

Novel ternary nanohybrids, bifunctionalized graphene oxide/MnFe2O4 magnetic nanoparticles (PEHA-Phos-GO/MnFe2O4), were prepared by a facile method and applied for the removal of Pb(II) from aqueous solution. Attributing to the numerous amino and phosphate groups on the bifunctionalized GO nanosheets as well as the magnetic nanoparticles of MnFe2O4, PEHA-Phos-GO/MnFe2O4 demonstrated high removal efficiency of Pb(II) and rapid magnetic separation. The 366.4 mg/g maximum adsorption capacity of Pb(II) on PEHA-Phos-GO/MnFe2O4 was obtained at the optimal adsorption pH of 5.5, much higher than that on GO (212.1 mg/g). The kinetics and isotherm data indicated that the adsorption processes can be well described by the pseudo-second-order kinetics and the Langmuir model. For the adsorption of Pb(II) on PEHA-Phos-GO/MnFe2O4, thermodynamic studies revealed the endothermic nature of the spontaneous adsorption process. The exhibited adsorption capacity, easy magnetic separation and reusability make the PEHA-Phos-GO/MnFe2O4 nanohybrids very promising adsorbents for efficacious removal of heavy metals from aqueous solutions in environmental pollution cleanup.

Carbon nanotubes loaded ZnO/Ag ternary nanohybrid with improved visible light photocatalytic activity and stability

In this work, visible light photocatalyst was prepared by loading of silver (Ag) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) onto carbon nanotubes (CNT). The structural, optical, and morphological properties of CNT, pure ZnO, ZnO/Ag, and ZnO/Ag/CNT nanohybrid were analyzed via spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. The photocatalytic performance of ZnO/Ag/CNT ternary nanohybrid was measured against methylene blue (MB) dye under visible light illumination. ZnO/Ag/CNT catalyst displays stronger photocatalytic efficiency than ZnO/Ag and higher than pure ZnO under visible light illumination. The increasing in the photocatalytic performance of ternary nanohybrid is related to the synergistic influence between Ag-NPs and CNT, which promote the charge splitting process by generation of Schottky barrier at ZnO/Ag surface and acting of CNT as an electron acceptor. Based on the optical analysis and photocatalytic observation, a suitable mechanism for degradation of MB dye by ZnO/Ag/CNT under visible light illumination were determined. In addition, the reuse assay was demonstrated that the ZnO/Ag/CNT nanohybrid exhibits high photocatalytic stability. This study emphasizes the significance of ternary nanohybrid as greatly effective and stable visible light catalyst for the degradation of various dyes.

Structural Analysis with Augmented Optoelectronic Performance of Polyindole–Polypyrrole–Cadmium Sulfide Nanohybrid: PIN/PPY/CdS

We report the comparative morphological, structural and optoelectronic properties of ternary PIN/PPY/CdS nanohybrid material synthesized by chemical oxidative polymerization technique. The successful incorporation of CdS nanoparticles into polymeric PIN and PIN/PPY matrix was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic (FT-IR) techniques. Moreover, the field emission scanning electron microscopic (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopic (TEM) techniques are performed to study the surface morphology of the as-synthesized specimens. The as-prepared ternary nanohybrid showed a reduced optical band gap (~ 1.92 eV) evaluated through Ultraviolet–Visible (UV–Vis) absorbance spectra. From the current density–voltage (J–V) characteristics, the Ohmic conductance ~ 0.126 S was found for the ternary nanohybrid PIN/PPY/CdS. In addition, the ternary nanohybrid exhibits comparatively the higher PL intensity which indicates the higher electron–hole recombination rate. All these results indicate the aptness of the as-synthesized PIN/PPY/CdS nanohybrid towards optoelectronic device application.

Enhanced electrochemical energy storage properties of carbon coated Co3O4 nanoparticles-reduced graphene oxide ternary nano-hybrids

In this article, we have synthesized carbon-coated cobalt oxide nanoparticles (NPs) and their nanocomposite with reduced graphene oxide (C@Co3O4/r-GO) via chemical and ultrasonication techniques. The observed higher electrical conductivity (1.4 × 10−3 S/m) of the nanocomposite than the pristine NPs (1.9 × 10−8 S/m) was due to the combined effect of the carbon-coating and r-GO nanosheets. The higher specific surface area (118 m2/g) of the nanocomposite was due to the relived agglomeration of the NPs via the carbon-coating and r-GO matrix. The nanocomposite based electrode shows exceptional gravimetric capacitance of 674 F/g at 1 A/g and loses just 18% of its initial capacitance after 103 charges/discharge cycles. The superior electrochemical performance of the nanocomposite was due to its higher surface area and synergistic improvements between carbon-coated NPs and highly conductive r-GO nanosheets. In the nanocomposite, the r-GO nanosheets play a double role to increase the energy storage properties. For example, the r-GO sheets acted as a capacitive supplement as well as a conductive matrix for a speedy redox reaction. Highly conductive nanocomposite also showed lower charge transfer resistance (Rct ~ 12.78 Ω) during the electrochemical impedance spectroscopic (EIS) tests that further facilitated the redox reaction to achieve higher pseudocapacitance. The observed electrical and electrochemical results demonstrate the potential of the C@Co3O4/r-GO nanocomposite for hybrid supercapacitors.

Synergistic Tribo-Activity of Nanohybrids of Zirconia/Cerium-Doped Zirconia Nanoparticles with Nano Lamellar Reduced Graphene Oxide and Molybdenum Disulfide.

Zirconia and 10%, 20%, and 30% cerium-doped zirconia nanoparticles (ZCO), ZCO-1, ZCO-2, and ZCO-3, respectively, were prepared using auto-combustion method. Binary nanohybrids, ZrO2@rGO and ZCO-2@rGO (rGO = reduced graphene oxide), and ternary nanohybrids, ZrO2@rGO@MoS2 and ZCO-2@rGO@MoS2, have been prepared with an anticipation of a fruitful synergic effect of rGO, MoS2, and cerium-doped zirconia on the tribo-activity. Tribo-activity of these additives in paraffin oil (PO) has been assessed by a four-ball lubricant tester at the optimized concentration, 0.125% w/v. The tribo-performance follows the order: ZCO-2@rGO@MoS2 > ZrO2@rGO@MoS2 > ZCO-2@rGO > ZrO2@rGO > MoS2 > ZrO2 > rGO > PO. The nanoparticles acting as spacers control restacking of the nanosheets provided structural augmentation while nanosheets, in turn, prevent agglomeration of the nanoparticles. Doped nanoparticles upgraded the activity by forming defects. Thus, the results acknowledge the synergic effect of cerium-doped zirconia and lamellar nanosheets of rGO and MoS2. There is noncovalent interaction among all the individuals. Analysis of the morphological features of wear-track carried out by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) in PO and its formulations with various additives is consistent with the above sequence. The energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectrum of ZCO-2@rGO@MoS2 indicates the existence of zirconium, cerium, molybdenum, and sulfur on the wear-track, confirming, thereby, the active role played by these elements during tribofilm formation. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) studies of worn surface reveal that the tribofilm is made up of rGO, zirconia, ceria, and MoS2 along with Fe2O3, MoO3, and SO42− as the outcome of the tribo-chemical reaction.

Au-Mediated Charge Transfer Process of Ternary Cu2O/Au/TiO2-NAs Nanoheterostructures for Improved Photoelectrochemical Performance.

Based on a facile three-step preparation method, Cu2O/Au/TiO2-NAs ternary heterojunction nanocomposites have been successfully synthesized by electrodepositing a Cu2O layer on the surface of Au nanoparticles (NPs) decorated highly ordered TiO2 nanotube arrays (NAs). The structure, surface morphology, chemical composition, and optical and intrinsic defects properties of the as-prepared samples are characterized by transmission and scanning electron microscopy (TEM and SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–vis light absorbance spectra, Raman scattering, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Simultaneously, the Cu2O/Au/TiO2-NAs ternary nanohybrids exhibited progressively improved photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) performance compared with the dual Cu2O/TiO2-NAs type-II nanoheterojunctions, confirming by the photocurrent density versus testing time curve (amperometric I–t curve), open-circuit potential versus testing time curve (Voc–t curve), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements, which were mainly ascribed to the synergistic effect of reduced interfacial charge transfer resistance and boosted energetic charge carriers generation associated with embedding Au NPs. Furthermore, the self-consistent charge transfer mechanism of Z-scheme and interband transitions mediated with Au NPs for Cu2O/Au/TiO2-NAs triple nanocomposites is proposed, which was evaluated by nanosecond time-resolved transient photoluminescence (NTRT-PL) spectra excited by 266 and 400 nm, respectively. Following this scheme, UV–vis light photocatalytic activities of Cu2O/Au/TiO2-NAs ternary nanohybrids were elaborated toward photodegradation of methyl orange (MO) in aqueous solution, and the photodegradation rate of optimum triple nanocomplex was found to be 90%.

Screen-printed electrochemical biosensor based on a ternary Co@MoS2/rGO functionalized electrode for high-performance non-enzymatic glucose sensing.

In this study, cobalt oxides functionalized MoS2/reduced graphene oxide was synthesized via a facile one-pot hydrothermal approach. Morphology and crystal structure of this ternary nanoarchitecture were characterized through scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectra and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. An ultrasensitive non-enzymatic glucose sensor was developed by decorating this ternary nanohybrid on the working electrode of a screen-printed electrochemical sensor. Cycle sweep voltammetry and amperometry were used to study the electro-catalytic activity of the modified working electrode, which demonstrated superior catalytic activity towards glucose oxidation with an extremely low detection limit of 30nM. Meanwhile, this sensor showed an excellent selectivity in the presence of interfering species such as uric acid, ascorbic acid, etc. Based on the screen-printed technique, enzyme mimic nanomaterials could be easily introduced into portable devices, which opens the way to take non-enzymatic glucose electrochemical sensing towards point-of-care.

Influence of CdS nanorods on the optoelectronic properties of 2-dimensional rGO decorated polyindole matrix

We propose a facile in situ chemical oxidative synthesis of ternary nanohybrids PIN/CdS/rGO (PCrG) based on the integration of CdS nanorods into the polyindole (PIN) matrix along with the successive enhancement in the overall properties of the nanohybrids by addition of reduced graphene oxide (rGO). The XRD, FT-IR and XPS techniques were carried out to confirm the formation of nanohybrids and presence of the chemical bonds. Further, the surface morphology of the as-prepared specimens was examined by FESEM and TEM technique. From the study of UV–Visible absorbance spectra, the reduced optical band gap (1.78 eV) was found in the visible region for the optimized ternary nanohybrid PCrG2. From the PL spectra, maximum average decay time (214.2 ns) was evaluated for PCrG2 attributed to non-radiative recombination. Moreover, the improved thermal stability (46.33 wt % loss) and cyclic volumetric performances were exhibited by ternary nanohybrid PCrG2. In addition, the ohmic conductance was measured for the as-synthesized specimens using their J-V characteristic curves. These optimized optical, electrical and thermal properties indicate that PCrG2 may become apt material for optoelectronic device applications.

Carbon-based nanomaterials and ZnO ternary compound layers grown by laser technique for environmental and energy storage applications

Carbon nanotube – highly reduced graphene oxide – transition metal oxide (ZnO) nanohybrid layers were synthesized using a one-step laser technique. Commercial multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), graphene oxide (GO) platelets and ZnO nanoparticles were used as starting materials. We discuss the influence of carbon/metal oxide ratio on the physico-chemical properties of the nanohybrid layers, geometrical characteristics, shape and dimensions of constituent nanoentities, chemical composition and chemical bonding states, optical properties, UV–visible absorption, band gap values, as well as charge transfer properties. In the followings the relation between these properties and functional characteristics, removal of water contaminants, antibiotic molecules, and charge storage performances of the ternary, MWCNTs/reduced GO/ZnO layers are presented, identifying the optimum relative concentrations of the constituting nanomaterials. The high photocatalytic efficiencies both under UV and visible light irradiations, even after several consecutive degradation cycles, were attributed to effective separation of photogenerated charge carriers by carbon nanomaterials as well as formation of oxygen deficient ZnOx−1 nanocrystals. The enhanced charge storage capacity of ternary nanohybrid electrodes is based on combined electrochemical double layer capacitance and pseudocapacitance implying redox reactions on the surface and subsurface of the layers in contact with the electrolyte. Both functional properties are strongly influenced by the relative concentrations of the nanomaterials constituting the ternary layers.

Nonlinear optical performances of graphene oxide ternary nanohybrids functionalized by axially coordinated gallium porphyrins

A GaTPP-GO-GaTTP ternary nanohybrid possesses enhanced optical nonlinearities compared to other samples due to the efficient charge transfer effect.

Graphene oxide ternary nanohybrids co-functionalized by phenyl porphyrins and thieyl-appended porphyrins for efficient optical limiting

The combination of graphene oxide and different porphyrins is attracted much attention as optical limiting systems. In this article, three novel porphyrins covalently functionalized GO nanohybrids (TPP-GO, TTP-GO and TPP-GO-TTP) have been designed and synthesized by covalent functionalization approach. The formation of these nanohybrids has been confirmed by various spectroscopic techniques including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman, scanning electron microscope images, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. Raman spectra and photophysical studies demonstrated effective charge transfer effect from the porphyrins to the GO. The as-prepared nanohybrids exhibited superior nonlinear absorption and optical limiting performances exciting by the 4 ns laser pulses, significantly better than their components due to more effective charge transfer effect. Particularly, the TPP-GO-TTP ternary nanohybrid showed the best nonlinear optical and optical limiting properties in comparison with those of other both binary nanohybrids, highlighting the influence of the introduction of different porphyrins on the photophysical and optical limiting performances of the as-prepared nanohybrids.

Fabrication and characterization of graphene oxide-chitosan-zinc oxide ternary nano-hybrids for the corrosion inhibition of mild steel

In this study, graphene oxide-chitosan (GO-CS) and graphene oxide-chitosan-ZnO (GO-CS-ZnO) hybrids were synthesized in order to examine the effectiveness of hybridization in enhancing the corrosion inhibition activity of graphene oxide (GO). In this way, the synthesized GO and nano-hybrids were firstly characterized by using FTIR, UV–Vis, FE-SEM, AFM, TEM and subsequently were studied in term of corrosion inhibition. Our primary results indicated that, single-layer GO, GO-CS hybrids and also GO-CS-ZnO ternary nano-hybrids were appropriately synthesized. The corrosion inhibition results demonstrated superior performance of GO-CS hybrids than pure GO. In addition, GO-CS-ZnO ternary nano-hybrids revealed the highest corrosion inhibition activity compared with all nano-materials studied here. The corrosion inhibition efficiency of GO (η = 42.35%) was enhanced to 83.81% and 85.61% for GO-CS and GO-CS-ZnO nanocomposites in 500 ppm conc., respectively. Generally, our results demonstrated that hybridization strategy successfully promoted the corrosion inhibition efficiency of GO. Furthermore, Langmuir isotherm was used in three methods (PDP, EIS and LPR) to study the adsorption of synthesized nano-materials on mild steel.

Magnetic Fe3O4–reduced graphene oxide composite decorated with Ag nanoparticles as electrochemical sensor and self-cleaning material for organic pollutants

The successful synthesis of silver incorporated Fe3O4–rGO ternary nanocomposite for the accurate detection of toxic phenolic isomeric compounds by electrochemical sensing along with self-cleaning ability of photo degradation of the organic dirts is described in this paper. The salient feature of this work is the high sensitivity of the synthesized sensor up to the nanomolar level. The detection limit of the phenolic isomeric compounds such as hydroquinone and catechol are found to be 37.5 nM and 335.4 nM respectively. The synthesized nanohybrid possessing large surface area and mesoporosity also aims to the effective photodegradation of various industrial acidic and basic dyes which may impair electrochemical sensing nature. The photo degradation capacity of the ternary composite was studied and found that a high reduction percentage of above 95 is obtained for these toxic industrial dyes. The dual applications of the ternary nanohybrid as an efficient electrochemical sensor with better photocatalytic self-cleaning property opened a new platform in the various analytical and industrial fields.

Augmented structural, optical and electrical properties of CdS decorated PANI/rGO nanohybrids

We report for the facile synthesis of ternary PANI/rGO/CdS nanohybrid by integrating polyaniline (PANI), reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and cadmium sulphide (CdS) nanoparticles by the means of in-situ oxidative polymerization of aniline monomer. The morphological and physico-chemical studies reveal efficacious integration of the individual components in the PANI/rGO/CdS ternary nanohybrid. The ternary nanohybrid exhibits enhanced thermal stability attributed to the integration of stable CdS nanoparticles and rGO sheets into the PANI matrix as well as the established synergy between the individual constituents. Further, the ternary nanohybrid reveals a reduced optical band gap (OBG) of ~1.51 eV mainly attributed to the altered band structure and a comparatively high non-radiative electron (e−) – hole (h+) recombination rate. In addition, the J-V characteristic shows enhancement in the Ohmic conductance reaching a value of ~0.262 S. These results favoured the aptness of the as synthesized PANI/rGO/CdS ternary nanohybrid for the optoelectronic application.

Preparation of Co2TiO4/CoTiO3/Polyaniline ternary nano-hybrids for enhanced destruction of agriculture poison and organic dyes under visible-light irradiation

Co2TiO4/CoTiO3/Polyaniline ternary nano-hybrids were fabricated via sol–gel method and new gelling agent. The varied preparation factors like the type of calcination temperature, solvent and gelling agent were studied through the dimension and morphologies of final products. The photocatalytic activity of the Co2TiO4/CoTiO3/Polyaniline was verified via destruction of changing pollution like as diazinon, methylene blue, eosin Y, methyl orange, and phenol red. The maximum percentage of destruction of organic pollutions was found to be for diazinon (98.3%). The BET analysis demonstrated that the preparation of nano-hybrids in both of presence valine and of phenylalanine can increase surface from 1.05 m2/g to 13.50 m2/g. The obtained ternary nano-hybrids were characterized through EDX, TEM, XRD, DRS, VSM, SEM, and FT-IR.

Sonochemical synthesis of iron-graphene oxide/honeycomb-like ZnO ternary nanohybrids for sensitive electrochemical detection of antipsychotic drug chlorpromazine.

We report a novel electrochemical sensor for the sensitive and selective determination of the antipsychotic drug chlorpromazine (CPZ) based on the iron (Fe) nanoparticles-loaded graphene oxide (GO-Fe)/three dimensional (3D) honeycomb-like zinc oxide (ZnO) nanohybrid modified screen printed carbon electrode (SPCE). The 3D hierarchical honeycomb-like ZnO was synthesized using a novel aqueous hydrothermal method and the GO-Fe/ZnO nanohybrid was prepared based on an inexpensive and fast sonochemical method using a high-intensity ultrasonic bath (Delta DC200H, 200 W, 40 KHz). Characterizations including scanning electron microscopy, elemental mapping, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy were carried out as part of this work. The electrocatalytic oxidation behavior of CPZ at various electrodes was investigated using the cyclic voltammetry technique, through which the GO-Fe/ZnO modified SPCE was identified as the best performing electrode. The quantitative determination of CPZ was then performed using the differential pulse voltammetry technique. The as-prepared GO-Fe/ZnO/SPCE sensor exhibited a quick and sensitive response towards the oxidation of CPZ with linear concentration ranges from 0.02 to 172.74 μM and 222.48 to 1047.74 μM. The modified SPCE sensor displayed a low detection limit (LOD) of 0.02 µM and a high sensitivity of 7.56 µA µM-1 cm-2. The proposed sensor also showed remarkable operational and storage stability, reproducibility, and repeatability. Furthermore, the practicability of the GO-Fe/ZnO/SPCE sensor has been verified with real sample analysis using commercial antipsychotic CPZ tablets and human urine samples, and adequate recovery has been achieved.