Ternary Data Research Articles

Dielectric relaxation and thermodynamical parameters of hydrogen bonded complexes for Heptanamide and Pentanamide with halogenated phenols in benzene

In the experiment and dielectric relaxation setup at 303 K, X-band (9.34 GHz) and J-band (7.22 GHz) microwave benches were employed. In benzene, dielectric experiments were done on hydrogen-bonded complexes of Heptanamide and Pentanamide with 4-bromophenol, 4-chlorophenol, 4-iodophenol, and 4-fluorophenol. Microwave dielectric spectra for binary mixtures of alkanamides with Halogenated phenols have been determined over the frequency range of 10 MHz to 20 GHz at 303 K. Dielectric properties such as (ε׳), (ε''), (ε0) and (ε∞) have been investigated. The geometries are optimized at B3LYP with 6-311G++ basis set. Dipole moments of the binary mixtures are calculated from the dielectric data using Higasi’s method and compared with the theoretical results. The relaxation periods (τ0) for ternary liquid combinations were measured using Higasi's approach. According to the ternary data, the relaxation time is highest for 1:1 complexes. According to the system under examination, the relaxation time value increases as the concentration of solute increases. For various ternary mixes and molecular conformations of these systems, the relaxation periods (τ0) of the two bands are compared. The dielectric relaxation energy parameters of thermodynamics (ΔFε, ΔHε, ΔSε) of amides with halogenated phenols in benzene were calculated and compared to the associated viscosity parameters.

Multi-Wavelength Quantum Key Distribution Emulation with Physical Unclonable Function

This work details the theory and implementation of a multi-wavelength quantum key distribution (QKD) emulation system with a physical unclonable function (PUF). Multi-wavelength QKD can eliminate the need to share a subsection of the final key for eavesdropper detection and allow for ternary and quaternary data transmission. The inclusion of the PUF adds an additional layer of security. We provide preliminary error analysis of our emulation system. To support this work, we introduce a bitwise transform operator that enables binary output of the PUF to satisfy the ternary and quaternary input requirements of the QKD system.

Protein-Protein Interaction Prediction for Targeted Protein Degradation.

Protein–protein interactions (PPIs) play a fundamental role in various biological functions; thus, detecting PPI sites is essential for understanding diseases and developing new drugs. PPI prediction is of particular relevance for the development of drugs employing targeted protein degradation, as their efficacy relies on the formation of a stable ternary complex involving two proteins. However, experimental methods to detect PPI sites are both costly and time-intensive. In recent years, machine learning-based methods have been developed as screening tools. While they are computationally more efficient than traditional docking methods and thus allow rapid execution, these tools have so far primarily been based on sequence information, and they are therefore limited in their ability to address spatial requirements. In addition, they have to date not been applied to targeted protein degradation. Here, we present a new deep learning architecture based on the concept of graph representation learning that can predict interaction sites and interactions of proteins based on their surface representations. We demonstrate that our model reaches state-of-the-art performance using AUROC scores on the established MaSIF dataset. We furthermore introduce a new dataset with more diverse protein interactions and show that our model generalizes well to this new data. These generalization capabilities allow our model to predict the PPIs relevant for targeted protein degradation, which we show by demonstrating the high accuracy of our model for PPI prediction on the available ternary complex data. Our results suggest that PPI prediction models can be a valuable tool for screening protein pairs while developing new drugs for targeted protein degradation.

Rare Time Series of Hydrothermal Fluids for a Submarine Volcano: 14 Years of Vent Fluid Compositions for Brothers Volcano, Kermadec Arc, New Zealand

AbstractHydrothermal vent fluids from Brothers submarine arc volcano were previously collected in 2004, 2005, and 2017. We present new data from 2018 along with a unique time series of a submarine volcano hosting two distinct types of hydrothermal venting to better understand subsurface processes and how they evolve over time. Samples were collected from known venting locations along the NW Caldera, the Upper and Lower Cone sites, and the newly sampled Upper Caldera site. The NW Caldera wall and Upper Caldera vent fluid compositions are controlled by high-temperature water-rock interactions and phase separation between 2004 and 2018. Fe/Mn molar values suggest that the magmatic impact on all fields has been increasing over time. The Upper Cone has varying influences, including short-term pulses of magmatic degassing, as revealed in K-Mg-SO4 ternary diagrams, Fe/Mn values, and δD and δ18O data. The Lower Cone is dominated by low temperatures and CO2 degassing and shows a pulse in magmatic influence in 2017, followed by a decrease toward earlier conditions in 2018. The 2017 pulse was accompanied by the increase of an enigmatic, soluble MgSO4 phase, potentially due to the “mining” of a magmatic brine sequestered inside the cone. Stable isotope data across the sites indicate pulses of magmatic waters in 2004 and 2017, immediately followed by episodes of more seawater-dominated fluids in 2005 and 2018. Magmatic degassing, phase separation, permeability, and mineral solubility all strongly influence changes in vent fluid composition. This study highlights the dynamic nature of the Brothers volcano hydrothermal system and the changes in fluid chemistry that may affect resultant mineralization.

Classification of ternary data using the ternary Allen–Cahn system for small datasets

In this study, we present a classification method for ternary small data using the modified ternary Allen–Cahn (tAC) system. The governing system is the tAC equation with the fidelity term, which keeps the solution as close as possible to the given data. To solve the tAC system with the fidelity term, we apply an operator splitting method. We use an implicit-explicit finite difference method for solving the split equations. To validate the robust and superior performance of the proposed numerical algorithm, we perform the comparison tests with other widely used classifiers such as logistic regression, decision tree, support vector machine, random forest, and artificial neural network for small datasets.

Tf2N]-based ionic liquids for the selective liquid-liquid extraction of levulinic acid/formic acid: COSMO-RS screening and ternary LLE experimental data

The separation of Levulinic (LA) acid and Formic acid (FA) from aqueous streams represents an important and challenging separation in biorefineries, where ionic liquids (ILs) provide a sustainable environment for liquid-liquid extractions of these acids. In this work, a COSMO-RS screening of bis (trifluoromethylsulfonil)imide [Tf2N]− based IL was first conducted and then followed by experimental validation to search for the most suitable cation for this separation. After the screening, ternary liquid-liquid equilibrium experiments at 298.15K and the subsequent data correlation using the Non-Random Two Liquid model (NRTL) were performed for future industrial implementation. Results indicated that the phosphonium cations, especially the trihexylthetradecyl phosphonium cation [P66614]+, produced the highest selectivity rates among all the experimentally measured ILs.

Energy-efficient recovery of fermented butyric acid using octyl acetate extraction

BackgroundA butyric acid recovery process using octyl acetate is proposed, and the design details of the extraction and subsequent distillation processes were investigated. Ternary equilibrium data for the extractor design were derived from molecular simulations and experimental measurements.ResultsA new procedure for estimating the thermodynamic parameters was introduced to determine the effect of the parameters on extractor design by comparison with previously reported parameters. Using the proposed recovery process with the newly estimated thermodynamic model, 99.8% butyric acid was recovered from the fermentation broth at a recovery rate of 99%. The energy demand for the proposed process was found to be lower than the average demand for several reported butyric acid recovery processes.ConclusionsThe investment cost is projected to be lower than that of other butyric acid processes due to the high efficiency of extraction solvent. The recovery cost of butyric acid was comparable to its selling price.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13068-022-02146-6.

Experimental investigation and thermodynamic assessment of the Al–Ca–Y ternary system

Abstract The experimental investigation and thermodynamic assessment of the Al–Ca–Y ternary system were carried out in this work. The isothermal section of the Al–Ca–Y ternary system at 673 K and 873 K was determined by using equilibrated alloys, combined with scanning electron microscopy, electron probe micro-analysis and powder X-ray diffractometry. Phase transition temperatures were measured by differential scanning calorimetry analysis. A certain range of solubility was detected between Al2Ca and Al2Y in this work, the maximum solid solubility of Y in Al2Ca was 11.9 at.% and that of Ca in Al2Y was 12.6 at.%. According to the thermodynamic data of binary systems in the literature and the ternary experimental data from this work and the literature, the Al–Ca–Y ternary system was optimized and a set of self-consistent thermodynamic parameters was obtained. Calculated phase equilibria were consistent with the experimental results.

Liquid-liquid equilibrium studies on the removal of naphthalene / 2-methylnaphthalene / dibenzothiophene from model oil using ionic liquids

Liquid-liquid extraction, has been used as an alternative method, for the dearomatization and desulfurization of a model oil using ionic liquids (ILs). The most recent work employs six ILs of high selectivity to aromatic and sulfur-containing compounds in ternary liquid-liquid equilibrium (LLE) systems. The best three ILs from the LLE ternary systems were used in a model multicomponent systems. The ILs were selected as extractive solvents for the extraction of naphthalene (N), 2-methylnaphthalene (2MN) and dibenzothiophene (DBT) from 1,3-diisopropylbenzene (1,3DIPB) in the ternary LLE data. Ternary mixtures of {IL (1) + N , or 2MN, or DBT (2) + 1,3DIPB (3)} and multicomponent mixtures {IL + N + 2MN + DBT + 1,3DIPB} were investigated at temperature T = 313.15 K and pressure 101 kPa. For this reason, the imidazolium-, pyridinium- and morpholinium-based ILs were selected: 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide, [EMIM][DCA], 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide, [AMIM][DCA], 1‑butyl‑3-methylimidazolium tiocyanate, [BMIM][SCN], 1‑butyl‑4-methylpyridinium dicyanamide, [B 4 MPy][DCA], N-(2-hydroxyethyl)pyridinium tricyanomethanide, [Py2OH][TCM] and (3-hydroxypropyl)-1-methylmorpholinium dicyanamide, [ N C 3 OHMMOR][DCA]. The suitability of the ILs as extractive solvents has been evaluated in terms of solute distribution ratio and selectivity. All the ILs showed high selectivity in the extraction of N, 2MN and DBT from 1,3DIPB in ternary and multicomponent systems. All LLE experimental data were correlated with the NRTL model. The highest extraction efficiency of N, 2MN and DBT in LLE data was observed for [B 4 MPy][DCA] (22.3 wt%, 36.8 wt% and 45.5 wt%, respectively). Much higher extraction efficiency was obtained in extraction of N, 2MN and DBT from the model oil stream in a single extraction stage (2IL:1 M.Str., m/m) and in two-stage extraction (2IL:1 M.Str., m/m). The extraction efficiency of N, 2MN and DBT from the model oil stream (2IL:1 M.Str., m/m) was 71.1 wt%, 80.4 wt% and 76.4 wt%, with [BMIM][SCN], or 69.3 wt%, 86.4 wt% and 82.9 wt% with [B 4 MPy][DCA], or 69.2 wt%, 69.4 wt% and 69.0 wt% with [AMIM][DCA], respectively in two-stage extraction. Graphical Abstract .

Relaxation in dielectric studies, hydrogen bonded complexes of hexanamide and octanamide with 4-halophenols using X and J-bands microwave frequency

At 303 K, X-band (9.34 GHz) and J-band (7.22 GHz) Microwave benches were used in the experiment and dielectric relaxation setup, dielectric studies of hydrogen bonded complexes of Hexanamide and Octanamide with 4-bromophenol, 4-chlorophenol, 4-iodophenol and 4-fluorophenol in benzene were performed. Various parameters of dielectric like (ε׳), (ε), (ε0) and (ε∞) have been carried out. Higasi's approach was used to measure the relaxation times (τ0) for ternary liquid combination. The relaxation time is shown to be greatest for 1:1 complexes based on the ternary data. Our findings also show that the molar free energy of activation for viscous flow (ΔFη) is bigger than the free energy activation for relaxation time (ΔFτ). The system under investigation indicates that the relaxation time value increases as the concentration of solute increases. The relaxation times (τ0) of the two bands (X-Band and J-Band) for various ternary mixtures molecular conformations of these systems are compared.

A Datum Schemes Based on TOC Monitoring System

Abstract Using the giant parallelism of photons to develop a new type of computer with more processor bits and data, the ternary optical computer, with the birth of the ternary optical computer SD 16 physical machine, the team built a monitoring system structure for task management, It is mainly used to deal with various complex data problems and provide parallel services for computing requests of multiple users. The storage of data in the monitoring system has also become a crucial issue. Based on the existing achievements of the team, this paper designs a data storage scheme for the management software of the ternary optical computer monitoring system, and finally summarizes and looks forward to the next research direction of the ternary optical computer data storage.

Weakly Supervised Ternary Stream Data Augmentation Fine-Grained Classification Network for Identifying Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.

Due to the high incidence of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) worldwide as well as its rapid and fatal progression, timely microscopy screening of peripheral blood smears is essential for the rapid diagnosis of ALL. However, screening manually is time-consuming and tedious and may lead to missed or misdiagnosis due to subjective bias; on the other hand, artificially intelligent diagnostic algorithms are constrained by the limited sample size of the data and are prone to overfitting, resulting in limited applications. Conventional data augmentation is commonly adopted to expand the amount of training data, avoid overfitting, and improve the performance of deep models. However, in practical applications, random data augmentation, such as random image cropping or erasing, is difficult to realistically occur in specific tasks and may instead introduce tremendous background noises that modify actual distribution of data, thereby degrading model performance. In this paper, to assist in the early and accurate diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia, we present a ternary stream-driven weakly supervised data augmentation classification network (WT-DFN) to identify lymphoblasts in a fine-grained scale using microscopic images of peripheral blood smears. Concretely, for each training image, we first generate attention maps to represent the distinguishable part of the target by weakly supervised learning. Then, guided by these attention maps, we produce the other two streams via attention cropping and attention erasing to obtain the fine-grained distinctive features. The proposed WT-DFN improves the classification accuracy of the model from two aspects: (1) in the images can be seen details since cropping attention regions provide the accurate location of the object, which ensures our model looks at the object closer and discovers certain detailed features; (2) images can be seen more since erasing attention mechanism forces the model to extract more discriminative parts’ features. Validation suggests that the proposed method is capable of addressing the high intraclass variances located in lymphocyte classes, as well as the low interclass variances between lymphoblasts and other normal or reactive lymphocytes. The proposed method yields the best performance on the public dataset and the real clinical dataset among competitive methods.

TReMo+: Modeling Ternary and Binary ReRAM-Based Memories With Flexible Write-Verification Mechanisms

Non-volatile memory (NVM) technologies offer a number of advantages over conventional memory technologies such as SRAM and DRAM. These include a smaller area requirement, a lower energy requirement for reading and partly for writing, too, and, of course, the non-volatility and especially the qualitative advantage of multi-bit capability. It is expected that memristors based on resistive random access memories (ReRAMs), phase-change memories, or spin-transfer torque random access memories will replace conventional memory technologies in certain areas or complement them in hybrid solutions. To support the design of systems that use NVMs, there is still research to be done on the modeling side of NVMs. In this paper, we focus on multi-bit ternary memories in particular. Ternary NVMs allow the implementation of extremely memory-efficient ternary weights in neural networks, which have sufficiently high accuracy in interference, or they are part of carry-free fast ternary adders. Furthermore, we lay a focus on the technology side of memristive ReRAMs. In this paper, a novel memory model in the circuit level is presented to support the design of systems that profit from ternary data representations. This model considers two read methods of ternary ReRAMs, namely, serial read and parallel read. They are extensively studied and compared in this work, as well as the write-verification method that is often used in NVMs to reduce the device stress and to increase the endurance. In addition, a comprehensive tool for the ternary model was developed, which is capable of performing energy, performance, and area estimation for a given setup. In this work, three case studies were conducted, namely, area cost per trit, excessive parameter selection for the write-verification method, and the assessment of pulse width variation and their energy latency trade-off for the write-verification method in ReRAM.

Fick and Maxwell-Stefan Diffusion Coefficients in the Ternary Liquid Mixture of Acetone-Methanol-Chloroform

Fick diffusion coefficients are calculated by means of molecular simulation for liquid mixtures containing acetone, methanol and chloroform at 1 atm and 298 K for different compositions. For this means, Maxwell-Stefan (MS) diffusion coefficients were calculated using physical properties of the components and thermodynamic factors, Γ, using three different models of Wilson, NRTL and UNIQUAC. Because of the lack of experimental data for Fick diffusivities for ternary system, the validity of the model was tested by comparing Fick diffusivities obtained for binary subsystems with experimental data for acetone- chloroform system. The results were in good agreement. So the Fick coefficients, Maxwell-Stefan diffusion coefficient and the thermodynamic factors were predicted for the ternary mixture as well as its binary subsystems by molecular simulation in a consistent manner. The presented ternary diffusion data should facilitate the development of aggregated predictive models for diffusion coefficients of polar and hydrogen-bonding systems and allows for an efficient and consistent prediction of multicomponent Fick diffusion coefficients from molecular models.

Effect of the ionic liquids on extraction of aromatic and sulfur compounds from the model petrochemical stream

Suitability of a imidazolium ionic liquids (ILs) as solvents in dearomatization and desulfurization in the ternary systems and in a model multicomponent systems has been analyzed. With this aim, ternary liquid-liquid phase equilibrium data (LLE) have been obtained for ternary mixtures of {IL + benzene, or toluene, or thiophene, or 2-butanethiol + hexane}, or {IL + benzene + 2-methylpentane} at T = 298.15 K and ambient pressure, as well as for multicomponent systems – model petrochemical stream {IL + model stream (benzene, toluene, thiophene, 2-butanethiol) + hexane} at T = 303.15 K and ambient pressure. Two ILs have been studied: 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium thiocyanate, [EMIM][SCN] and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide, [EMIM][DCA]. The values of solute distribution ratio and selectivity have been evaluated. It has been shown that ILs investigated in this work are able to extract sulfur compounds in preference to benzene and toluene. The solute distribution ratios for both ILs are similar. The selectivity of the aromatic and sulfur compounds are higher for [EMIM][SCN]. The best distribution ratio (>1.98) and selectivity (>242) was observed for thiophene extracted from the model stream 1:1.

Isobaric heat capacity measurements on ternary mixtures of natural gas components methane, propane and n-heptane by differential scanning calorimetry at temperatures from 197 K to 422 K and pressures up to 32 MPa

Heat capacities for single-phase mixtures of the natural gas components methane (1), propane (2) and n-heptane (3) have been determined at temperatures (197 to 421) K and pressures up to 32 MPa using two differential scanning calorimeters with a combined standard uncertainty of (2.0 to 2.6) % (k = 1). In addition, measurements were performed at pressures (0.01 to 4.40) MPa higher than saturation conditions to estimate the heat capacities of the mixtures at their bubble points. The ternary mixture data were compared with three models: the Groupe Européen de Recherches Gazières (GERG) 2008 multi-parameter equation of state (EOS), the Peng-Robinson (PR) EOS, and the Statistical Associating Fluid Theory (SAFT)-γ Mie EOS incorporating group contributions. The relative deviations of the measured heat capacities from the values calculated by the three models show similar, systematic dependences on density, with larger deviations at cryogenic temperatures. The root mean square deviations from the measurements (with ideal gas heat capacity corrected) were 8.2%, 7.0% and 5.9% for the GERG-2008, PR and SAFT-γ Mie EOS, respectively. The presence of n-heptane increased the deviation up to 20% at the lowest temperature. The addition of methane to the binary mixture [0.500 C3H8 + 0.500 C7H16] was found to always increase the heat capacity. This work shows that the SAFT-γ Mie EOS can describe the single-phase measurements at above-ambient temperatures, while none of the models provides reliable predictions for cryogenic single-phase and near-bubble-point measurements.

In silico formulation prediction of drug/cyclodextrin/polymer ternary complexes by machine learning and molecular modeling techniques

Ternary cyclodextrin (CD) complexes (drug/CD/polymer) can effectively improve the solubility of water-insoluble drugs with large size than binary CD formulations. However, ternary formulations are screened by a trial-and-error approach, which is laborious and material-wasting. Current research aims to develop a prediction model for ternary CD formulations by combined machine learning and molecular modeling. 596 ternary formulations data were collected to build a prediction model by machine learning. The random forest model achieved good performance with R2 = 0.887 in ST prediction and R2 = 0.815 in ST/SB prediction. Two ternary formulations (Hydrocortisone/β-CD/HPMC and dovitinib/γ-CD/CMC) were used to validate the prediction model. Molecular modeling results showed that HPMC not only warped around hydrocortisone but also prevented CD molecules from self-aggregation to increase solubility. In conclusion, a prediction model for the ternary CD formulations was successfully developed, which will significantly accelerate the formulation screening process to benefit the formulation development of water-insoluble drugs.

Study on the selective separation of methanol and methyl ethyl ketone from the azeotropic system using ionic liquids and their separation mechanism

In this work, two ionic liquids (ILs) 1-decyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ([DMIM][NTf2]) and tributylmethylammonium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ([N4441][NTf2]) were synthesized and used to separate the methanol (MeOH) and methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) azeotropic system. The VLE data of the binary system (MeOH + MEK) and the ternary system (MeOH + MEK + IL) were measured at 101.3 kPa. The binary VLE data were tested by Wisniak’s L-W method and van Ness method, the ternary VLE data were tested by van Ness method, and it was found all the binary and ternary VLE data were thermodynamically consistent. The NRTL and UNIFAC-Lei activity coefficient models were used to fit the experimental data and it was found that both models could be applied to the system, but the NRTL model was more suitable. Through the analysis of the experimental data, it was found that both ILs could increase the relative volatility of MeOH to MEK, the effect became obvious with the increase of the IL content, and the azeotropic phenomenon could be eliminated as the content of ILs achieved a certain value. The ability of the two ILs to break azeotrope was in the order of [DMIM][NTf2] > [N4441][NTf2]. The minimum mole fraction of [DMIM][NTf2] and [N4441][NTf2] breaking the azeotrope of MeOH and MEK is 0.035 and 0.039, respectively, which is lower than that of the reported best ionic liquid. Finally, the separation mechanism was explored through excess enthalpy analysis, σ-profile analysis, and atomic charge calculation to promote the understanding of the process.

Solid–Liquid–Liquid Equilibria of the System Water, Acetonitrile, and Ammonium Bicarbonate in Multiphase Reacting Systems

The salting out of acetonitrile from water in the presence of ammonium bicarbonate was studied at atmospheric pressure from 4 to 35 °C. The coexisting phases were analyzed independently with H1 nuclear magnetic resonance, ion chromatography, calorimetry, and titrations. The binodal region was described with semiempirical functions and with the UNIQUAC thermodynamic model. The critical composition at ambient temperature is given by 0.02 g/g of salt and 0.58 g/g of acetonitrile: at lower salt concentrations; this mixture is widely employed in liquid chromatography, thanks to the buffering properties of the bicarbonate. The separation of acetonitrile and water for extraction purposes, instead, is often obtained with other ammonium salts. These ternary equilibrium data can then be useful to develop extraction and analysis procedures at buffered, mildly alkaline pH. In addition, this mixture can be encountered during the acetonitrile synthesis proposed from bioethanol and bioethylene, so these multiphase equilibria govern the separation and purification of acetonitrile in specific reactors that allow the recovery of ammonium bicarbonate as a valuable byproduct. Furthermore, the solubility of this salt in alcohols and its decomposition were investigated to target its stability in multiphase reactors, extractors, and driers.

Experimental screening of ionic liquids as mass agents in the n-hexane/1-hexene extractive distillation

n-Hexane and 1-hexene are highly valued compounds within the petrochemical industry because of their wide range of applications. These compounds are generally found together in the same stream. Their separation is difficult to accomplish by conventional distillation due to their close boiling points. Technologies currently used to separate n-hexane and 1-hexene at industrial scale range from membrane processes to extractive distillation and liquid-liquid extraction with organic solvents. However, these processes present several technical and environmental drawbacks. A promising alternative is extractive distillation with ionic liquids as entrainers. In this work, a screening of ten ionic liquids was made to check their potential in the extractive distillation of n-hexane and 1-hexene mixtures. Firstly, the ionic liquids’ extractive properties were determined to establish which ionic liquids are suitable for the n-hexane/1-hexene extractive distillation. Five ionic liquids, namely [4bmpy][TCM], [4bmpy][Tf2N], [bmim]2[Co(SCN)4], [P66614][TCM] and [P66614][DCA] were selected. Secondly, vapor-liquid equilibrium experiments for the binary systems {n-hexane or 1-hexene + ionic liquid} were conducted at 343.2, 363.2 and 383.2 K to select the minimum solvent-to-feed ratio that guarantees homogenous ternary systems {n-hexane + 1-hexene + ionic liquid}. Then, the vapor-liquid equilibria for the ternary systems {n-hexane + 1-hexene + ionic liquid} were determined at the same three temperatures with a solvent-to-feed ratio on a mass basis of 10. Besides, solvent-to-feed ratios of 7.5 and 5 were also used for those systems containing [P66614]-based ionic liquids. n-Hexane/1-hexene relative volatilities up to 2.3 were obtained, overcoming those provided by other ionic liquids and organic solvents. Finally, the NRTL model was used to adjust the ternary data accuracy.