Terms Of Intensity Research Articles

Mechanical Aging Test and Sealing Performance of Thermoplastic Vulcanizate as Sealing Gasket in Automotive Fuel Cell Applications.

Ethylene-propylene-diene monomer (EPDM) rubber is one of the rapidly developing synthetic rubbers for use as a gasket material in proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell applications. Despite its excellent elastic and sealing properties, EPDM faces challenges such as molding processability and recycling ability. To overcome these challenges, thermoplastic vulcanizate (TPV), which comprises vulcanized EPDM in polypropylene matrix, was investigated as a gasket material for PEM fuel cell applications. TPV showed better long-term stability in terms of tension and compression set behaviors under accelerated aging conditions than EPDM. Additionally, TPV exhibited significantly higher crosslinking density and surface hardness than EPDM, regardless of the test temperature and aging time. TPV and EPDM showed similar leakage rates for the entire range of test inlet pressure values, regardless of the applied temperature. Therefore, we can conclude that TPV exhibits a similar sealing capability with more stable mechanical properties compared with commercialized EPDM gaskets in terms of He leakage performance.

A formulation based on a cationic surface-active ionic liquid and an anionic surfactant for enhanced oil recovery at a carbonate reservoir

With the still huge dependence on crude oil, it is crucial to develop enhanced oil recovery techniques to improve reservoir production and lifespan. Carbonate reservoirs constitute over half the world's oil reserves, but they are challenging in terms of recovery due to their complex pore network, oil-wet or mixed-wet rocks, and harsh conditions of temperature and salinity. This work offers a significant contribution to the exploitation of these reservoirs. A new formulation, able to provide very low interfacial tension at high temperatures with reduced adsorption on carbonate rocks, was designed. A low-cost traditional alkyl benzene sulfonate (RECOLAS158) was mixed with the cationic surface active ionic liquid N,N-diethoxylated-N-tallow-N-ethylammonium ethylsulfate. A formulation containing 56.4 wt% RECOLAS158 was selected for its good performance in terms of phase behavior, injectability and interfacial tension at a wide range of temperatures and salinities. A very significant tertiary oil recovery (19.53% of the original oil in place) and low blend adsorption (0.086 mgblend/grock), demonstrated the promising performance of the formulation. The key mechanism associated to the improvement of oil recovery is interfacial tension reduction.

On ghost fluid method-based sharp interface level set method on a co-located grid and its comparison with balanced force-based diffuse interface method

This paper, on Computational multi-Fluid Dynamics (CmFD) development, presents an extension of the Ghost Fluid Method (GFM)-based Sharp Interface Level Set Method (SI-LSM) (originally proposed on a staggered grid) for a co-located grid system. Further, this paper presents a comparative study for the GFM-based SI-LSM and a balanced force method (BFM)-based Diffuse Interface Level Set Method (DI-LSM). The BFM-based DI-LSM avoids a pressure-interfacial force decoupling, during the implementation of the MIM, by a proper-discretization of the surface tension term; not needed for the single-phase flow. Whereas, the GFM-based SI-LSM implicitly couples two immiscible, incompressible fluids via interface jump condition, which makes the Momentum Interpolation Method (MIM) for the two-fluid flow same as that for a single-fluid flow. A unified, for both SI-LSM and DI-LSM, mathematical and numerical formulations are presented. Order of accuracy is demonstrated in-between first-order and second-order; similar to that reported earlier for the various CmFD methods. Finally, validation and relative-performance study are presented for four test cases: static droplet, dam break, drop coalescence, and Rayleigh-Taylor instability. For the static droplet, the relative-performance of the present SI-LSM as compared to the DI-LSM is found similar to that in the literature for SI-VOF (Volume of Fluid) method as compared to DI-VOF method. For the various test cases, superior performance is demonstrated for the SI-LSM as compared to DI-LSM. This paper presents a broader perspective to the MIM for a single-versus-two fluid-flow and diffuse-versus-sharp approaches; and a novel GFM-based SI-LSM on a co-located grid.

Emotional worlds colliding: A qualitative exploration of the emotional experiences of transgender and cisgender women in romantic relationships during transition.

Relationships in which one partner is transgender are often more complex compared to other LGBQ+couples, due to the ways in which gender transition prompts changes for each partner and their relationship. Despite the impact of transition on both partners, the relationships of transgender people have been underresearched. This study was guided by symbolic interactionism to explore how transgender and cisgender women in romantic relationships experienced their relationship during their transition process. Constructivist grounded theory was used to analyze interviews with 20 transgender and cisgender participants using group-level analysis. Both groups described their journeys in terms of emotional tensions that ebbed and flowed across time. Participants reflected on how they experienced tensions internally and within their relationships as they worked through change and created meaning from their experiences. Recommendations for research and clinical work are provided, in light of these findings.

Push and pull factors affecting college students' satisfaction with yoga courses: A case study of colleges and universities in Shenyang

In the research process, the methods of literature, interview, Delphi, questionnaire and mathematical statistics were used.From the perspective of push and pull theory, this paper studies the countermeasures to improve students' satisfaction in yoga courses.The satisfaction of yoga courses in Shenyang's colleges and universities is at the middle level, among which the satisfaction of "yoga teaching ability" and "classmate relationship" is relatively high; The satisfaction of "yoga teaching content and teaching method" and "course assessment" is relatively low. On the whole, the satisfaction of yoga teaching has great room for improvement.Through factor analysis and regression analysis, it is concluded that the thrust factor can be expressed by six indicators: improving physical fitness, improving body shape, optimizing interpersonal relationships, hobbies, challenging oneself, and achievements, of which improving physical fitness has the greatest impact; The pull factor can be expressed by six indicators: teacher's own factor, teaching content, teaching method, teaching assessment, teaching effect and teaching environment, of which the teacher's own factor has the greatest impact.Push and pull theory can be used to improve the satisfaction of yoga courses in colleges and universities. In terms of thrust, awaken the thrust factor and improve the satisfaction of yoga courses with the help of internal impetus; In terms of tension, optimize the tension factors and improve the satisfaction of yoga courses with the help of external tension.

Structural diversity of photoswitchable sphingolipids for optodynamic control of lipid microdomains

Sphingolipids are a structurally diverse class of lipids predominantly found in the plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells. These lipids can laterally segregate with other rigid lipids and cholesterol into liquid-ordered domains that act as organizing centers within biomembranes. Owing the vital role of sphingolipids for lipid segregation, controlling their lateral organization is of utmost significance. Hence, we made use of the light-induced trans-cis isomerization of azobenzene-modified acyl chains to develop a set of photoswitchable sphingolipids with different headgroups (hydroxyl, galactosyl, phosphocholine) and backbones (sphingosine, phytosphingosine, tetrahydropyran-blocked sphingosine) that are able to shuttle between liquid-ordered and liquid-disordered regions of model membranes upon irradiation with UV-A (λ = 365 nm) and blue (λ = 470 nm) light, respectively. Using combined high-speed atomic force microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, and force spectroscopy, we investigated how these active sphingolipids laterally remodel supported bilayers upon photoisomerization, notably in terms of domain area changes, height mismatch, line tension, and membrane piercing. Hereby, we show that the sphingosine-based (Azo-β-Gal-Cer, Azo-SM, Azo-Cer) and phytosphingosine-based (Azo-α-Gal-PhCer, Azo-PhCer) photoswitchable lipids promote a reduction in liquid-ordered microdomain area when in the UV-adapted cis-isoform. In contrast, azo-sphingolipids having tetrahydropyran groups that block H-bonding at the sphingosine backbone (lipids named Azo-THP-SM, Azo-THP-Cer) induce an increase in the liquid-ordered domain area when in cis, accompanied by a major rise in height mismatch and line tension. These changes were fully reversible upon blue light-triggered isomerization of the various lipids back to trans, pinpointing the role of interfacial interactions for the formation of stable liquid-ordered domains.

Translated article] Comparative clinical and biomechanical study of different types of osteosynthesis in the treatment of distal femur fractures

Introduction and objectivesDistal femoral fractures represent a problem due to their high number of complications. The aim was to compare the results, complications and stability achieved with retrograde intramedullary nailing and the angular stable plate in the treatment of distal femoral diaphyseal fractures. Material and methodA clinical and experimental biomechanical study was carried out using finite elements. The results of the simulations allowed us to obtain the main results related to the stability of osteosynthesis. For clinical follow-up data, frequencies were used for qualitative variables, and Fisher's exact test and χ2 test were used to evaluate the significance of the different factors, with the condition of P<.05. ResultsIn the biomechanical study, the retrograde intramedullar nails demonstrated superiority, obtaining lower values in terms of global displacement, maximum tension, torsion resistance, and bending resistance. In the clinical study, the rate of consolidation of the plates was lower than nails (77% vs. 96%, P=.02). The factor that most influenced the healing of fractures treated with plate were the central cortical thickness (P=.019). The factor that most influenced the healing of nail-treated fractures was the difference between the diameter of the medullary canal and the nail. ConclusionsOur biomechanical study shows that both osteosynthesis provide sufficient stability, but biomechanically behaves differently. Nails provide greater overall stability being preferable the use of long nails adjusted to the diameter of the canal. Plates form less rigid osteosynthesis, with little resistance to bending.

Wiped film evaporator with a roller wiper and an internally mounted condenser for the recovery of TBP and n-DD from degraded PUREX solvent

Wiped Film Evaporator (WFE) is a promising choice for processing viscous and thermally labile compounds due to its short residence time, enhanced heat transfer rates, and a high fraction of distillate yield in a single pass. This article evaluates the viability of a WFE with a roller wiper and an internally mounted condenser to recover tri-butyl phosphate (TBP) and n-dodecane (n-DD) from degraded PUREX solvent by vacuum distillation. Degraded solvents derived from different sources were purified using a combination of primary cleanup by sodium carbonate scrubbing and secondary cleanup by vacuum distillation using the WFE. Primary cleanup could efficiently remove the acidic degradation products of TBP. However, the scrubbed solvents were not of acceptable quality due to their poor physical properties. Secondary cleanup by vacuum distillation notably improved the physical properties of the solvent. A detailed quality assessment of the recovered solvents in terms of density, viscosity, interfacial tension (IFT), and phase separation time (PST) ratio showed that all the solvents recovered were of acceptable quality. The highest PST ratio and lowest IFT of the recovered solvents were 1.36 and 8.6 mN m−1, respectively. The maximum solvent recovery, TBP recovery, and n-DD recovery obtained were 93.8%, 83.8%, and 99.8%, respectively.

Digital transformation in high-reliability organizations: A longitudinal study of the micro-foundations of failure

High-reliability organizations (HROs) and their complex operating models have been a focus of scholarly work for more than three decades. Recently, HROs have been challenged by new market pressures that require them to digitally transform in ways that affect their identity and value creation models while still maintaining high levels of security and efficiency. This longitudinal, in-depth single-case study of a major European utility company examines the role of HRO identity in digital transformation (DT), specifically in terms of tensions between innovation and transformation on the one hand, and maintaining reliable operations on the other. Our findings show how tensions between HROs’ identity and key features of DT give rise to threat perceptions and self-protective behaviors by the IT workforce, that eventually may derail the transformation process. We develop a process model that highlights the sources and consequences of identity misalignment during major DT initiatives in HROs. In doing so, we extend the research on D T by highlighting the importance of bottom-up processes for DT success and failure, especially concerning the IT function’s perception of organizational identity.

A generic balanced-force algorithm for finite volume method on polyhedral unstructured grids with non-orthogonality

A generic balanced-force algorithm is proposed to solve incompressible multiphase flows with complex interfaces and large density ratios on the polyhedral unstructured grids of large non-orthogonality, skewness and non-uniformity. This algorithm combines the finite volume method based on the volume of fluid (VOF) approach with the fractional step method in a collocated framework, which retains a complete balance between the gravity, surface tension with exact curvature, and the resulting pressure gradients. In the original scheme, the gravity and surface tension terms are represented as gradients of the volume fraction and then discretized in the identical fashion as the pressure gradient, which results in a balanced formulation on the structured grids. However, this scheme cannot be readily applied to unstructured grids, despite that it has been misused for more than one decade. As demonstrated in the paper, it is insufficient to achieve force balance merely by the identical discretization of scalar gradients due to the non-orthogonality of unstructured grids, which will generate severe spurious currents that intensify with larger non-orthogonality angle and higher fluid density ratio. Therefore, we present a novel balanced-force algorithm to treat the non-orthogonal term in a different manner, which significantly suppresses, or even eliminates, the spurious velocity for two-phase flows with large density ratio on arbitrary mesh topology. Various numerical examples have demonstrated that the present algorithm and computational framework offer a promising platform to provide high-fidelity and robust predictions for practical multiphase flow simulations involving highly complex geometry.

On the Temperature Dependence of the String-Breaking Distance in QCD

The temperature dependence of the QCD string-breaking distance is evaluated in terms of the string tension and the rate of production of light mesons in the chromo-electric field of a flux tube. As a function of the meson mass, the mentioned rate can be falling off either as a Gaussian, as suggested by the Schwinger formula, or as an exponential, which is the case in the London limit of the dual superconductor. We find an excellent agreement of the so-evaluated temperature dependence of the string-breaking distance with the respective lattice data, for the case of the meson-production rate corresponding to the London limit.

The pedagogical and socio-affective dimensions of identity tensions and teacher agency: Case studies of university English teachers teaching online

The unprecedented switch to online education during the Covid-19 pandemic has posed many challenges for language teachers, such as conducting authentic language interactions with reduced modalities in virtual classrooms. Language teachers, therefore, have been confronted with identity tensions of how to reposition themselves to adapt to this new teaching space. How teachers experienced and responded to these identity tensions is critically important to the success of online education, yet this issue remains underexplored. To address this gap, our case studies drew on multiple rounds of individual interviews with four university English teachers who taught online during the pandemic. Findings reveal that individual teachers experienced varying degrees of identity tensions on the pedagogical and socio-affective dimensions. To tackle these identity tensions, the teachers took wide-ranging agentic actions in pre-, in-, and/or after-class stages to maintain an identity, adopt a new identity, switch between identities, and/or redefine identities. Findings are discussed in terms of differential identity tensions brought by online teaching to individual teachers, as well as the complex interplay between identity tensions and teacher agency. The study concludes with implications for online language teaching and language teacher development.

Stabilization of flaxseed oil nanoemulsions based on flaxseed gum: Effects of temperature, pH and NaCl on stability

In this study, flaxseed oil was used as embedding material and flaxseed gum as sole emulsifier to prepare flaxseed oil nanoemulsions. The storage temperature (4–37 °C, pH 5.8, 0 mmol/L), pH (3–11, 4 °C, 0 mmol/L), NaCl (100–500 mmol/L, pH 5.8, 4 °C) on the stability of flaxseed oil nanoemulsions were investigated in terms of particle size, ζ-potential, creaming index, microscopy, rheological characteristics, surface tension, and nanoemulsion color as characterization. The results showed that temperature significantly affected the stability of flaxseed oil nanoemulsions, and the stability decreased with increasing temperature. The characteristics of flaxseed oil nanoemulsion were relatively stable at pH 5 and pH 7, while the stability was poor under pH 3 and alkaline conditions. As the strength of the ionic increased, unstable aggregation occurred (NaCl >200 mmol/L). In conclusion, the stability of flaxseed oil nanoemulsion was better at 4 °C, pH 5–7, and NaCl <200 mmol/L. These results provide useful information to facilitate the design and preparation of stable package delivery systems for flaxseed oil in food and other industries.

Estudio comparativo clínico y biomecánico de distintos tipos de osteosíntesis en el tratamiento de fracturas distales de fémur

Introduction and objectivesDistal femoral fractures represent a problem due to their high number of complications. The aim was to compare the results, complications and stability achieved with retrograde intramedullary nailing and the angular stable plate in the treatment of distal femoral diaphyseal fractures. Material and methodA clinical and experimental biomechanical study was carried out using finite elements. The results of the simulations allowed us to obtain the main results related to the stability of osteosynthesis. For clinical follow-up data, frequencies were used for qualitative variables, and Fisher's exact test and χ2 test were used to evaluate the significance of the different factors, with the condition of P<.05. ResultsIn the biomechanical study, the retrograde intramedullar nails demonstrated superiority, obtaining lower values in terms of global displacement, maximum tension, torsion resistance, and bending resistance. In the clinical study, the rate of consolidation of the plates was lower than nails (77% vs. 96%, P=.02). The factor that most influenced the healing of fractures treated with plate were the central cortical thickness (P=.019). The factor that most influenced the healing of nail-treated fractures was the difference between the diameter of the medullary canal and the nail. ConclusionsOur biomechanical study shows that both osteosynthesis provide sufficient stability, but biomechanically behaves differently. Nails provide greater overall stability being preferable the use of long nails adjusted to the diameter of the canal. Plates form less rigid osteosynthesis, with little resistance to bending.

Physicochemical stability of Pickering emulsion stabilized with spherical and fibrous iron ions loaded whey protein isolate/gum Arabic complexes

Iron deficiency is widespread worldwide and shows significant impact on human health. The direct iron supplementation produced little effect because of the physicochemical properties and gastrointestinal stimulation of iron ions, and thus the biomolecules loaded iron delivery systems developed rapidly. Pickering emulsions (PEs) could be stabilized by colloidal particles and provide potentials for delivery of various bioactives effectively and simultaneously. Here, the feasibility of PEs stabilized with Fe3+ loaded colloid granules for iron delivery was explored. The binary WPI-GAFe3+ (whey protein isolate/containing Fe3+ gum arabic) complexes with spherical (WGS) or fibrous (WGF) morphology were constructed by adjusting the reaction conditions of protein aggregation. Compared to GAFe3+, WGS and WGF exhibited better interfacial activity in terms of the lower interfacial tension and the competitive interfacial adsorption with the pre-adsorbed T-80 and sodium caseinate, and favorable physical stability on PEs, as well as the significant retardation of the pro-oxidant activity of lipids by Fe3+. WGS-PE exhibited more uniform droplets, lower droplets mobility, less variation of turbiscan stability index and lower content of lipids oxidation products than that of WGF-PE. This may be related to the spherical assembled structure and inside entrapped GAFe3+ of WGS that could adsorb onto the droplets interface tightly and neatly, accordingly increase the physical stability of PEs, but also prevent the leakage of iron ions, thus reducing the lipid oxidation. It is suggested that PEs would be a feasible and effective iron ions delivery platform, which would provide a reference for designing iron fortification in food.

Durability of concrete by partial replacement of coarse aggregate with recycled plastic granules

This research investigates and reports on the usage of plastic granules in place of coarse aggregate while constructing concrete cubes and cylinders. Concrete cubes and cylinders made of plastic granules were hand cast, and the concrete's strength was then empirically assessed in terms of split tension and compression. It has been discovered that the compression and split tension strengths of plastic-replaced concrete can be on par with those of ordinary concrete. The current analysis focuses on concrete mixes that have plastic granules (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25%) partially replacing the coarse aggregate, which will help reduce the structure's dead weight. This mix, in the form of cubes and cylinders, was subjected to compression and split tension to ascertain the strength parameter. Therefore, using plastic granules for creating concrete is not only advantageous but also useful for getting rid of plastic trash.

Aberrant allometric scaling of cortical folding in preterm-born adults.

A universal allometric scaling law has been proposed to describe cortical folding of the mammalian brain as a function of the product of cortical surface area and the square root of cortical thickness across different mammalian species, including humans. Since these cortical properties are vulnerable to developmental disturbances caused by preterm birth in humans and since these alterations are related to cognitive impairments, we tested (i) whether cortical folding in preterm-born adults follows this cortical scaling law and (ii) the functional relevance of potential scaling aberrances. We analysed the cortical scaling relationship in a large and prospectively collected cohort of 91 very premature-born adults (<32 weeks of gestation and/or birthweight <1500 g, very preterm and/or very low birth weight) and 105 full-term controls at 26 years of age based on the total surface area, exposed surface area and average cortical thickness measured with structural magnetic resonance imaging and surface-based morphometry. We found that the slope of the log-transformed cortical scaling relationship was significantly altered in adults (very preterm and/or very low birth weight: 1.24, full-term: 1.14, P = 0.018). More specifically, the slope was significantly altered in male adults (very preterm and/or very low birth weight: 1.24, full-term: 1.00, P = 0.031), while there was no significant difference in the slope of female adults (very preterm and/or very low birth weight: 1.27, full-term: 1.12, P = 0.225). Furthermore, offset was significantly lower compared with full-term controls in both male (very preterm and/or very low birth weight: -0.546, full-term: -0.538, P = 0.001) and female adults (very preterm and/or very low birth weight: -0.545, full-term: -0.538, P = 0.023), indicating a systematic shift of the regression line after preterm birth. Gestational age had a significant effect on the slope in very preterm and/or very low birth weight adults and more specifically in male very preterm and/or very low birth weight adults, indicating that the difference in slope is specifically related to preterm birth. The shape or tension term of the scaling law had no significant effect on cognitive performance, while the size of the cortex did. Results demonstrate altered scaling of cortical surface and cortical thickness in very premature-born adults. Data suggest altered mechanical forces acting on the cortex after preterm birth.

Development of technological equipment for autonomous testing of the shaping structure of the umbrella reflector

A shaping structure is element in most transformable reflectors to ensure the required accuracy of the reflective surface. An umbrella reflector shaping structure is a system of tensioned dimensionally stable cords in the open position. External factors influence the cords of the shaping structure, which lead to a change in the length of the cords throughout the entire life cycle of the product. It is advisable to assess the stability of the geometric dimensions of the cords, from the point of view of labor intensity, on a piece of the shaping structure – the arch system. To conduct this kind of research, there is a need to develop special technological equipment. The article considers the requirements for technological equipment and testing. The authors propose an original design of technological equipment, which allows fixing the cords of the arch system with boundary conditions similar to a real reflector. The paper describes a 3D model of the technological equipment, on the basis of which a prototype was made. The prototype ensured the assembly of a separate arch system corresponding to the standard design in terms of size, configuration and cord tension. Tests were carried out to assess the measurement error of the arch system in the manufactured experimental model. The test results confirmed the possibility of using the developed technological equipment for component tests of the shaping structure.

Solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers of dual functionality at emulsion interfaces. Part II: active carrying/delivery functionality

The utilisation of lipid nanostructures that can in tandem act as Pickering emulsion stabilisers and as active carrier/delivery systems, could potentially enable the development of liquid (emulsion-based) formulations with the capacity for multi-active encapsulation and delivery. Part I of this work focused on the first aspect of this two-fold functionality by investigating the capacity of both solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) to act as effective Pickering particles in o/w emulsions. Herein, attention shifts to the secondary functionality, with part II of this study assessing both SLNs and NLCs in terms of their capacity to act as carriers and release regulators for curcumin, a model hydrophobic active. The previously established Pickering functionality and physical properties in terms of particle size, zeta potential and interfacial tension of the lipid particles remained unaffected after encapsulation of curcumin. In emulsions, loss of crystalline (solid lipid) matter and particle interfacial presence were specifically investigated, as these aspects can impact upon the particles’ active carrying and delivery performance. Low solid matter losses were recorded for all emulsions (ranging between 0% and 15%), with increasing liquid lipid fraction in the particles (SLNs to NLCs) resulting in relatively higher depletion of crystallinity. Removal of unadsorbed surfactant (remnant from the particle formation processing step) prior to emulsification led to higher particle interfacial occupancy. Despite said changes, the lipid particles’ curcumin carrying capacity, expressed as encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity, did not differ between an emulsion and dispersion setting. Although the active carrying capacity was retained, it was shown that the presence of the particles at the emulsion interfaces affects the curcumin release rate. Partial migration of curcumin to the oil droplet and creation of an additional release-inducing potential to the particles in close proximity to the droplet interface are proposed to be responsible for the overall faster active expulsion. What is more, the curcumin release profile from either SLNs or NLCs (also) stabilising an emulsion microstructure, was shown to persist after storage; either storage of the particles (up to 4 months) prior to emulsification, or storage of emulsions (up to 3 months) stabilised by ‘freshly’ formed lipid particles. Overall, the present study provides evidence that the two-fold functionality of the lipid particles can be indeed realised, markedly demonstrating that their concurrency does not compromise one another.

Ophthalmic liposomal formulations using synthetic phospholipids for the treatment of dry eye disease

AbstractPurpose: Liposomes composed of soy phosphatidylcholine (PC) have been widely used in artificial tears for the treatment of dry eye disease (DED) due to their ability to supplement the lipid layer of the ocular surface. The disadvantage of PC extracted from natural sources is the difficulty of standardizing its fatty acid composition. Therefore, the use of synthetic phospholipids such as 1,2‐dioleoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphocholine (DOPC) and Dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) allows better characterization and standardization than those from natural sources, being of interest in the preparation of ophthalmic liposomal formulations for DED.Methods: Liposomal formulations comprised of DOPC (F1) and DOPC combined with DMPC (F2) were prepared according to the Bangham technique and dispersed in a borate‐trehalose buffer. Formulations were characterized in terms of pH, size, osmolarity and surface tension. In vitro tolerance was performed in human corneal epithelial cells and compared with soy PC liposomal formulation.Results: Both F1 and F2 synthetic liposomal formulations showed suitable properties for topical ophthalmic administration for DED such as hypotonicity (F1: 244.8 ± 0.74; F2: 252.5 ± 0.08 mOsm/L), neutral pH (F1: 7.52 ± 0.01; F2: 7.54 ± 0.02), low surface tension (F1: 24.53 ± 0.70; F2: 26.93 ± 0.49 mN/m) and a vesicle size of 150.8 ± 59.60 and 181.00 ± 49.83 nm for F1 and F2 respectively. Synthetic phospholipids outperformed soy PC liposomes regarding in vitro tolerance in a very sensitive corneal line, exhibiting cell viability values after 1 hour exposure of 88.71 ± 7.32% and 82.36 ± 8.84% for F1 and F2 respectively compared to soy PC liposomes (73.08 ± 8.74%). After simulated chronic exposure (4 h), cell viability of F1 (78.26 ± 1.65%) and F2 (79.08 ± 1.75%) were higher than the one obtained for PC liposomal formulation (64.53 ± 6.73%).Conclusions: Liposomes composed of synthetic phospholipids are potential candidates for the development of artificial tears for DED treatment.