Terms Of Religiosity Research Articles

A Review of Research on the Role of Different Types of Religiosity in Terror Management

This review paper aims to reveal the role of different types of religiosity based on research addressing religiosity in terms of in-group and out-group distinction within the scope of Terror Management Theory (TMT). Studies point out two important results of the phenomenon: the first is the fact that general religiosity focusing on only one aspect of religiosity (religious belongingness, afterlife belief, etc.) to measure religiosity increases worldview defense, supporting the hypothesis of mortality salience. The second is the fact that different religious orientations (intrinsic, fundamentalist, etc.) cause various reactions, depending on their unique characteristics when mortality is salient. In the current study, possible reasons for the differences between research findings are discussed. In order to clarify the roles that different types of religiosity play in terror management, a classification based on the strong-flexible and exclusive-inclusive poles of the “belief” and “belonging” dimensions suggested by Sarouglu has been proposed. It has been argued that religiosity types would function in terror management in different ways, depending on the classification in which they are placed. For example, when the religious worldview is threatened, the strong-exclusive pattern (e.g., religious fundamentalism) can lead to more negative reactions, while the strong-inclusive pattern (e.g., intrinsic religiosity) can be associated with positive processes in inter-group relationships. Future research on this classification and types of religiosity can provide unique contributions to developing TMT. On the other hand, knowing the roles of different forms of religiosity in managing existential concerns may be of therapeutic benefit in coping with death, bereavement, grief and related processes.

Understanding Islamic Extremism Away from the Dominant Normative Paradigm

Much academic interest has been given to the relationship of Islam with extremism, with such relationship being too often articulated in terms of religiosity as the main predictive factor, and a language of normativity positing that extremism is the negative manifestation and excess of Muslim discourses. This systematic review attempts to account for such normative assumptions by looking at the predictive ability of psychosocial and environmental factors related to social identity processes, in addition to the predictive ability of religiosity in accounting for Islamic extremism. Two search rounds were performed using several databases for peer reviewed English language articles, of all types of research designs, between 2012 and 2023 defining Islamic or Muslim extremism as a deviation from the dominant Eurocentric normative definition and delineating its predictors. The review revealed a differing account regarding the roots of Muslim extremism in which exclusion from the modern world-system—framed in terms of perceived threat, deprivation, discrimination, and oppression—is highlighted, while religiosity had predominantly insignificant effects. The paper calls for a reconsideration of extremism among Muslims away from the normative paradigm set forth by the modern world-system.

Horror vacui w królewskim mieście. Mirakularne przestrzenie Lublina w XVII-wiecznych i XVIII-wiecznych księgach cudów miejskich

Horror vacui – an aesthetic category specific to visual arts is a metaphor for the Old Polish books about miracles discussed in the article. It reflects both the mosaic and multiplicity of old miraculous collections, as well as their dynamic reception, because each time these texts lead to a different face of ancient culture and show diverse aspects of the past. This metaphor in the context of miraculous books and the city from which they come from also reflects the multitude of both Lublin religious texts related to Lublin’s holy places, as well as the places themselves – depositories of images, relics and miracles. Miracle books are considered valuable material for research on the history of religiosity, medicine, culture and mentality; they are fascinating practical texts. The multitude of preserved records prompted the researchers to formulate a thesis about the “miracular sensitivity” characteristic of ancient culture. The miraculous books, although studied in many aspects, especially in terms of religiosity, were not analyzed in terms of connections with the space they refer to, for example, one city. The subject of this article is the specific relationship between miraculous records, printed or handwritten, or descriptions of religious miracles (added to literary works) with the place – the city of Lublin in the 17th and 18th centuries.

Strategi Komunikasi Kepala Madrasah dalam Membina Akhlakul Karimah Peserta Didik

The main problem is how the communication strategy in fostering students' akhlakul karimah. The research uses qualitative methods and theories of persuasive theory and behaviorism. The paradigm of this research is naturalism; the source of data is the head of the madrasa, teachers, education personnel and students (primary data) and documents of fostering akhlakul karimah MTs Ma'arif Pinrang (secondary data); the research instrument is the researcher himself and is assisted through data collection tools, namely observation guideline sheets, interview guidelines, digital cameras and tape recorders; data collection techniques are participatory observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation; and testing the validity of the research results, namely credibility, transferadibility, and confirmability. The results showed: (1) The head of the madrasa in fostering the morals of students applies persuasive strategies by using assumption, integration, reward and arrangement techniques. Meanwhile, in applying the behaviorism strategy using 3 steps, namely stimulus, process and response. In the stimulus stage, the madrasah principal sets rules regarding the obligation to be morally good. At the communication process stage, the madrasah principal uses interpersonal communication of the redundancy, verbal and non-verbal communication types. The form of coaching uses exemplary coaching, habituation, advice, and punishment. From the entire series of application of communication strategies, it shows a response / improvement in the morals of students in terms of religiosity (religion), discipline, responsibility, peace-loving, environmental care and social care. (2) Supporting factors for communication are closeness, mutual respect, and feedback by students. While the inhibiting factors are voice intonation when communicating, speech speed or tempo and vocabulary due to ethnic differences.

Local Practical Religious Moderation in Indonesia

This paper is a qualitative study that describes the phenomenon of religious moderation in the Getasan District, Semarang Regency, Central Java Province. Many mass media highlight the high tolerance in the Getasan area, which makes it interesting to investigate it deeper related to religious management in the community. By using the analysis of Miles and Huberman and mixing it with the perspective of Citizenship Pluralism, the results showed that Christian religious leaders taught church members about three things, including doctrinal teaching that educated the law of love as their foundation, contextualization by mixing and matching culture in the development of faith and social devotion in terms of religiosity in society. From the perspective of civic pluralism, Christian religious leaders carried out recognition, representation, and redistribution as a way of teaching religious moderation in society, which aims to create social harmony in society. A good understanding of religious moderation, by linking religious texts and religious contexts, then internalizing it into their daily lives, makes church members have an important role in creating harmony in the community in Getasan District, Semarang Regency.

Comparative Analysis of the Code of Ethics of the Accountant Profession in Terms of Religiosity in an Islamic Perspective

This study aims to see, and contain values about ethics according to IAI and AAOFI, analyze accountant professional ethics from the point of view of religiosity, and find the formulation of accounting professional ethics according to Islam. Based on the purpose of this study, it is expected that a substitute for professional accounting ethics is not only by Islamic teachings, but also considered not representative balanced, fair, and honest as required by the accountant’s professional code of ethics. So that universal values, fairness, humanity, and flexibility will make accountant professional ethics acceptable to all groups, Muslims and non-Muslims. So, the professional ethics of Sharia accountants and conventional accountant ethics must be carried out by taking into account aspects of religiosity to prevent cases of violations of accounting ethics to provide benefits for all parties

Hayy Ibnu Yaqdzhan: The Concept of Knowledge Development from Ibn Tufail's Perspective and His Contribution to Islamic Education

The purpose of the article Hayy Ibnu Yaqdzhan: The Concept of Development of Knowledge from Ibn Tufail's Perspective and His Contribution to Islamic Education is twofold. First, a description of the growth of knowledge from Ibnu Thufail's viewpoint. Second, understanding the relevance of Hayy's love story to epistemology and Islamic education. Through documentation, this study examines the novel by Hayy Ibnu Yadzhan through a content analysis of the text. The findings of this study indicate that Hayy Ibnu Yadzhan's novel contributes to the creation of an epistemology of knowing in Islam in which knowledge can be attained through the use of the senses, reason, and intuition. In addition, Hayy's new contribution to Islamic education includes three essential components. First, about cognitive growth. Roman Hayy describes the development process as sensory, imitative, exploratory, philosophical, contemplative, and mystical. Second is the concept of knowledge, which can be acquired through sense, reason, and intuition. Third, in terms of religiosity, all the positive elements in the form of beliefs, rituals, religious knowledge, and religious experience always lead to the essence and wisdom. Keywords: Hayy Ibn Yaqdzhan, Ibn Thufail, Islamic Education.

The Use of Religious Capital as a Coping Strategy in Self-care by Type 2 Diabetes Patients in a Ghanaian Hospital

Given the importance Ghanaians attribute to spirituality and religiosity in terms of disease causation and management, this study explored the use of religious capital as a coping strategy by individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus in self-care at the Techiman Holy Family Hospital Diabetes Clinic in the Bono East Region of Ghana. An exploratory descriptive qualitative research design was employed for the study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a convenience sample of twenty-seven (27) individuals recruited from the diabetes clinic. Content analysis was employed to find themes, which included: (1) Use of Prayer and Fasting for Courage from God, (2) Reliance on God as the Creator of Human Beings who Cures and Heals Diseases in the Body, (3) God as Source of life in times of Illness (Drawing life from God in times of illness), (4) Faith and Hope in God, and (5) Doctors and Nurses as Substitutes for God. The findings advocate the need to incorporate religiosity and spirituality into the provision of healthcare for individuals with diabetes to help them live productive lives.

Religious or Spiritual? Empirical Manifestations of Contemporary Changes in Poles’ Self-Declarations and Media Representations

This paper comprises part of the current research on the phenomenon of new spirituality, conducted within the sociology of religion and social communication and media sciences. It aims to analyze selected manifestations of the new spirituality entering into the religious sphere of a religiously homogeneous society based on the example of Poland. A complementary application of quantitative and qualitative methods was proposed. The subject of the analysis is the results of a representative survey in which Poles define themselves in terms of religiosity and spirituality, with examples of their search for content on a new spirituality through online resources using the assumptions of the theory of social representations. The above concept resulted in the bipartite structure of the main part of the article. It was preceded by a theoretical introduction synthetically presenting phenomena identified as key features of new spirituality and ended with a discussion of the results and conclusions. The analyses indicate that, in Polish society, the category of phenomena and processes classified as new spirituality is distinguishable but complex and diverse. In the subsequent stages of the analysis, their socio-demographic determinants were shown, and then the media representations of the new spirituality were identified, categorized, and put into typologies.

Correlation between religion, spirituality and perception of healthcare services utilisation in Poland during COVID-19 pandemic.

The worldwide transmission of SARS CoV-2 caused the COVID-19 pandemic and had an impact on healthcare provision. The disruption of reliance on the health system during the COVID-19 pandemic posed a clear threat to public trust. Religiosity, like spirituality, is believed to have a positive influence on people's lives, enabling them to cope with illness, stress, and sudden life changes. In practice, although the terms religiosity and spirituality have similar meanings and are related, they are not identical concepts. The aim of this study is to compare the perceptions of the accessibility and quality of healthcare services provided before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland by religious/spiritual people compared to those for whom religion and spirituality have little or no importance in their lives. This cross-sectional study was based on the authors' questionnaire, carried out during the third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland. Participants in the study were people living in various regions of Poland over 18 who were willing to complete the questionnaire voluntarily. The number of people sampled was two hundred and sixty-four. Convenience sampling method was used for this study. Statistical calculations were performed using Statistica 13 software from TIBCO and PQStat from PQStat Software and were based on the Kruskal-Wallis test, multiple regression model, the chi2 test of independence or the Mann-Whitney test. The result was considered statistically significant when p<α. The significance level was taken as α=0.05. Two hundred and sixty-three respondents answered the questionnaire. Among them, 181 (69%) were women, and 82 (31%) were men. It was shown that religion is more important for women than for men and women who report a high role of religion in their lives rated the quality of healthcare services better before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. It was also concluded that religious people for whom religion played a major role and those who were helped by spiritual life rated accessibility and quality higher both before and during the pandemic. Religious/spiritual people, through their more positive attitudes towards the world, were thought to rate access and quality of healthcare services better. Regardless of religious affiliation, the help of spiritual life during the pandemic or the importance of religion in life in all respondents, perception of healthcare services utilisation were decreased by the pandemic. This prompts thoughts on the implementation of spiritual assistance as a supportive measure to mitigate the effects of the pandemic.

Auditors’ Religious Beliefs and Audit Quality: Some Evidence from Taiwan

Synopsis The research problem Adding to the literature in auditing, this study examines whether there is an association between the religious beliefs of audit partners and audit quality in Taiwan. Motivation Previous studies have found that firms headquartered in areas with strong religious social norms are associated with higher audit quality. However, prior studies measured religiosity in terms of whether the audit practice offices were in more religious metropolitan statistical areas. No work had examined whether the religious beliefs of the individual auditors affect auditor decision making. In addition, prior studies using US data were mainly confined to one group who are, in the main, Christians. We examined this issue in Taiwan where the auditors come from three main religious groups: Christian, Buddhist, and Taoist. This setting provides another cultural environment for understanding the links between religiosity and financial reporting issues. The test hypotheses H1: Audit engagement partners with a religious belief are associated with higher audit quality. H2: The positive association between auditors’ religion and audit quality is more pronounced for auditors with industry specialization than auditors without specialization. Target population Various stakeholders include investors, auditors, financial analysts, and users of financial reports. Adopted methodology Ordinary least squares (OLS) regression and logistics regression. Analyses We conducted the study in Taiwan where audit partners are required to sign audit reports. We obtained data on the religious beliefs of auditors by distributing a questionnaire to individual auditors in the Big 4 in Taiwan. We used four measures of audit quality: (a) discretionary accruals, (b) accrual estimation errors, (c) the probability of a client meeting an earnings benchmark, and (d) the propensity to issue modified audit opinions. We tested whether there is a positive association between auditors’ religious beliefs and audit quality. Findings Our study finds that firms with an audit partner who professes a religion are associated with higher audit quality. However, unlike evidence from the United States, we do not find that auditors in an area with strong religious social norms exhibit better audit quality than auditors in less religious areas when the audit partner’s religious belief is controlled in the analysis. The results suggest that auditor quality is more affected by auditor’s personal characteristics than the social norms. We also find that the positive association between auditors with industry specialization and audit quality is stronger when the auditor has religious beliefs. The results suggest that ethics and competence are complements to each other.

The Meaning of Religion in Drug Rehabilitation Patients

There is a religious problem in today's modern life, such as a shift in religious values, which is indicated by the high rate of drug use among youths. In reality, these teens' primary motivation for doing drugs is to fulfill their curiosity about the drugs because adolescence is a psychologically curious enough stage of life. As a result, several measures try to reduce drug usage, one of which is to conduct rehabilitation based on religion, as was done at Inabah XX. This article will define religiosity in terms of belief, rituals, intellectual, experience, and consequence dimensions for drug rehabilitation patients. This study uses a qualitative methodology to gather data through observation, documentation, and interviewing procedures. Based on the collected data, the researchers discovered that drug rehabilitation patients fully believe in Islamic religious doctrines, including the presence of God, angels, prophets, sacred books, heaven, and hell. The Inabah program demonstrates a rise in diversity in religious practices, including fasting, prayer, and Qur’anic recitation. The inner serenity that rehabilitation patients experience is influenced by how obediently they perform dhikr and prayers. However, this ran contrary to how strictly they fast. Most of them are pretty ignorant regarding religion, but others are well-informed since they have studied religion since they were young. In terms of practice, the majority of them have managed to avoid drinking and thieving. Nevertheless, a few people still find it impossible to stop doing these forbidden acts.

The Role of Religiosity, Self-Efficacy, Social Support, and Perceived Organizational Support on The Life Satisfaction of Christian Theological Seminary Lecturers in East Java: Meaning of Work as Mediator

Achieving life satisfaction is the hope of every person, including lecturers. Based on preliminary study, problem of life satisfaction of PTKK lecturers is a real phenomenon but has never been studied scientifically so far. This study aims to examine the life satisfaction model of PTKK lecturers in terms of religiosity, self-efficacy, social support, and perceived organizational support with the meaning of work as a mediator variable. The research method used in this research is quantitative correlational with participants are 252 lecturers from 41 Christian theological seminaries in East Java. This study uses six instruments to measure each variable and the data analyzed using the SEM-PLS technique. Based on the R2 value for the endogenous variables, it was found that meaning of work got significant positive effect of 36.8% from the independent variables. While the R2 value for the life satisfaction variable is 0.259, which means that life satisfaction can be explained by variance in the independent variables of 25.9%. The results of the research hypothesis indicate that religiosity and self-efficacy have an indirect effect on life satisfaction with the meaning of work as a full mediator, while social support does not affect the meaning of work and life satisfaction. This study also proves that perceived organizational support has a direct and indirect effect on life satisfaction with the meaning of work as a partial mediator. This research result is expected to enhance efforts to increase life satisfaction of lecturers from Christian theological seminaries in East Java.

Depressive Symptomology, Identity and Religious Practices among Catholics and Evangelicals: Differences between the Mapuche and Non-Indigenous Chilean Population

Background: Chile is a highly religious country. Although a majority of the population describes itself as Catholic, there has been a substantial growth in Evangelism, especially among indigenous people. In this context, the aim of this study is to analyse the relationship between Catholic and Evangelical religiosity in terms of identity and practices and depressive symptoms in the Mapuche and non-indigenous Chilean population. Methods: The study was conducted using secondary data from the Longitudinal Intercultural Relations Study of 2017, estimating linear regressions to explain variations on the PHQ-9 scale between the adult Mapuche and non-indigenous Chilean population by first including the controls variables, followed by religious identification, churchgoing, and prayer. Results: Social support, good health, and age showed a negative association with PHQ-9 in both groups. Being a woman and not having a partner were only positively related with depression in the non-indigenous group. A negative association was found between Evangelical religious identity and depressive symptoms among the Mapuche population, while churchgoing was negatively associated and prayer was positively associated with depression in the non-indigenous group. Conclusions: The findings confirm that religiosity is a protective factor against depressive symptomology in the Chilean population. However, the analysis reveals significant ethnic differences.

Pengaruh Iman Terhadap Perkembangan Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi;Refleksi Kritis Iman Terhadap Revolusi Industri 4.0

The purpose of this paper is to see the Role of Faith in the development of Science and Technology. This is because the development of science and technology has resulted in significant changes for society. This change is not only in the physical field, namely accelerating and helping humans to carry out tasks and support professionalism but also in the spiritual field where humans can think that they are everything. The methodology used in this paper is literature review. Where to do a critical reading of the sources obtained from library research. The results obtained from this paper indicate that there are fundamental changes caused by technological developments. The first development presents a revolution in human life where the revolution starts from revolution 1.0 - 4.0 at this time. This development also makes humans have different views about who they are and who their god is or in terms of religiosity. Finally, this change causes humans to question their faith. This is what causes the position of faith to affect humans.

Государство и церковь как регуляторы просоциального поведения россиян: институциональный анализ

The issue of understanding socio-cultural challenges and threats to the state, society and the individual requires justification of socially approved, positive value-semantic grounds for maintaining the unity of Russian society. Political philosophy and social evolutionism show that the state and religion may act as institutional regulators of pro-social human behavior. The moral and doctrinal obligations acquired on the basis of religious identity play an important role in the formation of pro-social behavior. Modern research conducted by Western sociologists and social psychologists does not give a clear answer to the issue of the influence of the Christian faith on pro-sociality. Since the second half of 2012, Russia has been developing a new strategy for the development of society, building it on a traditionally conservative basis based on the cultural and Orthodox traditions of charity, mutual assistance and care. Orthodox faith and ecclesiasticism have an impact on the pro-social behavior of Russians. At the same time, our study showed that among Russians there is an ambivalent idea of a pro-socially oriented person in terms of religiosity and traditionalism. The development of ideas and practices of pro-social behavior, voluntary service to the needy finds a significant response in Christianity. The Russian Orthodox Church is rapidly developing both types of various diaconal practices of volunteering and their mass popularization, which indicates a qualitative modification of socio-cultural attitudes in the church and public space: there is a certain shift to institutional trends.

Does a denomination matter? Differences in religiosity and value systems between Catholics and Anglicans

The purpose of this empirical article is to investigate differences between two Christian denominations: Catholics and Anglicans in terms of religiosity and values. Religiosity was measured within dimensions of centrality of religiosity and religious coping, while the value system contained hedonic, vital, aesthetic, truth, moral, and sacred values. In addition, potential associations between the dimensions of religiosity and values were assessed. One hundred and fifty one participants (75 Catholics and 76 Anglicans) completed three questionnaires: the Centrality of Religiosity Scale, the Brief RCOPE Scale, and the Scheler Values Scale. The results demonstrated that Catholics were characterised by higher levels of religious dimensions representing communal worship related to the sacraments, while Anglicans more strongly favoured religious dimensions reflecting an individual approach to religiosity. Catholics also obtained higher levels of hedonic and vital values than Anglicans. In addition, there were significant associations between most dimensions of religiosity and sacred values. Taken together, the findings emphasise the need for a combined study of religiosity and values which appears central to the formation of people’s religious beliefs and behaviour.

Peran Majelis Taklim dalam Meningkatkan Religiusitas Masyarakat Melalui Kajian Kitab Rutinan di Desa Suci Kecamatan Panti Kabupaten Jember

The Taklim assembly is a forum for the community in order to gain knowledge about Islam, which is more open and usually carried out routinely. Therefore, the delivery of da'wah must also be adjusted to the local conditions of the community, the aim of which is to be easily understood and accepted by the community itself. This research will describe the role of the taklim assembly in increasing the religiosity of the community, how enthusiastic the community is in the taklim assembly, and what books are used as references in delivering their da'wah. This research is categorized in the type of qualitative-descriptive research with the methods of observation, interviews, and documentation, which in the future is expected to obtain more comprehensive data. The results of this study indicate that: 1) the taklim assembly, especially in the Suci-Panti Village, plays an important role for the community itself as in terms of religiosity which is basically reflected in the practice of aqidah, sharia, and morals (faith, Islam, and ihsan). In the taklim assembly which is held every Monday night Tuesday, it gets a very good response from the community, even the community is very enthusiastic when the study takes place, besides that in the assembly a discussion session is held. 2). The books that are used as references in the assembly consist of; aqidatul awam, mabadi'ul fiqhiyah, and lubabul hadith, which are discussed in depth.

HUBUNGAN TINGKAT RELIGIUSITAS TERHADAP INTENSITAS KENAKALAN REMAJA ANAK SEKOLAH DI SMK YBKP3 GARUT

Juvenile delinquency among high school students is the result of those who have issues in mental or psychological development. The aim of this study is to relationship between religiosity and intensity of juvenile delinquency among high school students. This study used quantitative approach and the design applied was product-moment correlation. For bivariate analysis purposes, one-way ANOVA was used to test compare mean. The total population of this study was 387 teenage students who have both good and bad behavior in terms of religiosity. The instrument used had been valid with the value of point biseral correlation from 0.126 to 0.617 with the alpha of 0.05. The reliability value obtained was alpha 0.80. The results showed that there was no difference between the religious level and the anger level based on the student's age (P-value) = 0.967, student class (0.976) and gender (0.991). The conclusion obtained is that the religious level of students obtained is high or good as many as 192 students (49.6%). This shows that the subject believes and believes in things that are fundamental and dogma in religion. Recommendations are given to always maintain well-applied arrangements, and need to be developed to correct all deficiencies and mistakes in an effort to prevent delinquency among school children.

Do Religious People Have More Children? The Effect of Religious Affiliation and Religiosity on Fertility

This paper aimed to examine the effect of religious affiliation and religiosity on the fertility rate. While scholars have predicted the decline of religion’s influence, practice, and role in modern societies, religion still plays a vital role in shaping individuals’ behavior, including their fertility behavior. While there have been many studies on the role of religion on fertility, few studies have compared the fertility rates among people from different religious affiliations and their practices of religiosity. Additionally, cross-national analyses of the fertility rate of religious individuals who live as a majority or minority in various countries are still limited. Drawing from the World Value Survey data and using OLS regression to examine interaction and socialization, and minority-status approaches to the relationship between religion and fertility behaviors, this study revealed that Muslims are more likely to have a higher number of children among the explored religions. In terms of religiosity, those who are more religious, from all religious affiliations, demonstrated the same likelihood of having high fertility. Additionally, while both ritual and belief dimensions of religiosity are significantly associated with a high fertility rate for all religious affiliations, all dimensions of religiosity had significant effects on fertility for Muslims. Furthermore, Muslim and Christian minorities were likely to have lower fertility rates than their counterparts with majority status.