Terms Of Moments Research Articles

The process of capital migration of groups of companies on a national and international level – accountind and fiscal aspects

Developments in accounting systems at national and international level are largely influenced by the interconnection of economies and the globalization of financial markets. There is a complex relationship between globalization processes and development indicators. All factors of globalization - financial cooperation, trade, investment, scientific and technological progress and migration - have socio-economic and environmental implications and influence policy design and implementation at national, regional and global levels. Important among these impacts are the limitation of state autonomy in policy-making and, consequently, the need for national policy-making to be more responsive to international obligations, commitments and imperatives. Achieving development goals requires strengthening global partnership. The purpose of the proposed investigation is based on the analysis of the historical migration of financial, material and human resources of groups of companies, which has led to the creation and strengthening of new market relationships, markets where groups of enterprises dominate, which by diversifying their activities are now able to generate impressive financial results. The research was based on methods and techniques for aggregating migrated capital by specifying the links between economic agents within the group, describing the essence of international capital migration, the causes of international capital migration of enterprise groups, etc. The authors, studying the processes of migration of capitals of entities, personnel of groups of companies at national and international level, established the forms of migration of capitals internationally, focusing on consolidated accounts and tax aspects in terms of problematic moments and put forward proposals for solutions in the context of globalization and migration of capitals and activities of groups of companies, demonstrating the influence of migration of capitals of entities within groups on the development of the world economy.

Nearly optimal central limit theorem and bootstrap approximations in high dimensions

In this paper, we derive new, nearly optimal bounds for the Gaussian approximation to scaled averages of n independent high-dimensional centered random vectors X1,…,Xn over the class of rectangles in the case when the covariance matrix of the scaled average is nondegenerate. In the case of bounded Xi’s, the implied bound for the Kolmogorov distance between the distribution of the scaled average and the Gaussian vector takes the form C(Bn2log3d/n)1/2logn, where d is the dimension of the vectors and Bn is a uniform envelope constant on components of Xi’s. This bound is sharp in terms of d and Bn, and is nearly (up to logn) sharp in terms of the sample size n. In addition, we show that similar bounds hold for the multiplier and empirical bootstrap approximations. Moreover, we establish bounds that allow for unbounded Xi’s, formulated solely in terms of moments of Xi’s. Finally, we demonstrate that the bounds can be further improved in some special smooth and moment-constrained cases.

Convergence of series of conditional expectations

This paper deals with almost sure convergence for partial sums of Banach space valued random variables. The results are then applied to solve similar problems for weighted partial sums of conditional expectations. They are further used to treat partial sums of powers of a reversible Markov chain operator. The method of proof is based on martingale approximation. The conditions are expressed in terms of moments of individual summands.

Cd113 β -decay spectrum and gA quenching using spectral moments

We present an alternative analysis of the $^{113}\mathrm{Cd}\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\beta}$-decay electron energy spectrum in terms of spectral moments ${\ensuremath{\mu}}_{n}$, corresponding to the averaged values of $n\mathrm{th}$ powers of the $\ensuremath{\beta}$ particle energy. The zeroth moment ${\ensuremath{\mu}}_{0}$ is related to the decay rate, while higher moments ${\ensuremath{\mu}}_{n}$ are related to the spectrum shape. The here advocated spectral-moment method (SMM) allows for a complementary understanding of previous results, obtained using the so-called spectrum-shape method (SSM) and its revised version, in terms of two free parameters: $r={g}_{\mathrm{A}}/{g}_{\mathrm{V}}$ (the ratio of axial-vector to vector couplings) and $s$ (the small vectorlike relativistic nuclear matrix element, $s$-NME). We present numerical results for three different nuclear models with the conserved vector current hypothesis (CVC) assumption of ${g}_{\mathrm{V}}=1$. We show that most of the spectral information can be captured by the first few moments, which are simple quadratic forms (conic sections) in the $(r,\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}s)$ plane: An ellipse for $n=0$ and hyperbolas for $n\ensuremath{\ge}1$, all being nearly degenerate as a result of cancellations among nuclear matrix elements. The intersections of these curves, as obtained by equating theoretical and experimental values of ${\ensuremath{\mu}}_{n}$, identify the favored values of $(r,\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}s)$ at a glance, without performing detailed fits. In particular, we find that values around $r\ensuremath{\approx}1$ and $s\ensuremath{\approx}1.6$ are consistently favored in each nuclear model, confirming the evidence for ${g}_{\mathrm{A}}$ quenching in $^{113}\mathrm{Cd}$, and shedding light on the role of the $s$-NME. We briefly discuss future applications of the SMM to other forbidden $\ensuremath{\beta}$-decay spectra sensitive to ${g}_{\mathrm{A}}$.

Structural performance of speed-lock joints with split bolts in steel storage racks

This paper aims to experimentally and numerically investigate the structural performance of speed-lock joints with split bolts in steel storage racks. There are no bolts in the typical speed-lock joint for its ease of installation, and the joint transmits and bears force through interactions of the tabs and upright beam holes. However, the joint under seismic loading shows large looseness and slippage with low stiffness. Also, the energy dissipation capacity is insufficient and the failure of tabs in the joints might lead to brittle behavior. In this study, new detail of the speed-lock joint with bolts is proposed by adding a pair of split bolts in the beam end plate while still preserving its merit of ease of installation. A double-cantilever beam test was designed to test this speed-lock joint with split bolts along with the typical speed-lock joint. Low cyclic loading tests were performed on both types of joints: with split bolts and without split bolts. The results revealed the benefits that the split bolts could bring to significantly enhance the performance of the joint in terms of the maximum bending moment, the initial stiffness, the displacement ductility coefficient, the equivalent viscous damping coefficient, and the energy consumption. In addition, a two-step analysis method was proposed for the high-fidelity finite element model of the joints to overcome the complex contact nonlinearity. The numerical model was then validated with the tests for further numerical studies on the performance of speed lock joints with/without bolts.

Steady state population balance modelling of precipitation processes: Nucleation, growth and size-dependent agglomeration

In this work a numerical methodology to solve the steady state Population Balance Equation (PBE) is developed. Three crystallisation mechanisms are included, namely: nucleation, size-independent growth and size-dependent loose agglomeration. The numerical method is based on the discretisation of the crystal size as distributed variable. In order to describe the loose agglomeration, the numerical methodology solves two PBE: one including the nucleation and growth mechanisms and one accounting for the agglomeration process. From the first PBE, liquid phase composition, supersaturation, developed crystal surface and Crystallite Size Distribution (CSD) are obtained. Similarly, the second PBE leads to the Agglomerate Size Distribution (ASD). The study of the size-dependant agglomeration kernel induces an additional numerical difficulty due to the dependency of both PBE and agglomeration kernel on the particle size. An accelerated fixed point algorithm based on the crossed secant method is adapted to overcome the difficulty and accurately solve the agglomeration PBE. The oxalic precipitation of uranium is simulated using this numerical methodology. First, the experimental results of a reference case are compared with the numerical predictions in terms of particle size distribution, mean size, mass fraction and moments. Then, the operating conditions are varied in order to test the algorithm robustness and performances. In all cases, the crossed secant method ensures the size-dependent agglomeration PBE solution and properly predicts the ASD. The developed numerical methodology predicts the mean particle size under the experimental uncertainty in a reasonable computation time and number of iterations.

Numerical investigation on the responses of existing single piles due to adjacent twin tunneling considering the lagging distance

This paper presents an assessment of the influence of the lagging distance between two horizontal tunnel faces of the side-by-side twin tunnels on the responses of the adjacent existing single pile by a series of three-dimensional numerical analyses. Two different relative positions between the pile tip and the tunnel are considered to cover the short and long pile behaviors. The responses of the existing pile in terms of pile head settlement, axial force, lateral movement and bending moment are considered and discussed. The numerical results indicate that the lagging distance between twin tunnel faces significantly affects not only the soil movements but also the responses of the existing single pile. The critical case that produces unsatisfactory pile responses due to twin tunneling is when the lagging distance between the second tunnel and the preceding tunnel equals to the shield length. It is recommended that the lagging distance be not less than three times of shield length when the two tunnels need to be concurrently excavated.

NONLINEAR LATERAL RESPONSE OF PILE GROUP IN CLAY USING THE MODIFIED CAM CLAY SOIL MODEL

Lateral pile response of the 3 × 3 square pile group has been investigated in terms of lateral displacement and maximum bending moment using three-dimensional finite element analysis. Soil is represented using 8-node isoparametric elements. Piles and pile cap are modelled using 20-node isoparametric elements. The 16-node isoparametric interface elements are used to establish the continuity between the pile and surrounding soil. Soil is represented by the modified Cam clay criterion. The entire code has been developed in FORTRAN 90. The parametric study has been performed to investigate the effect of yield criteria, soil modulus, pile spacing, pile diameter and pile length-to-diameter ratio on the response of the 3 × 3 pile group embedded in clay. A considerable effect of these parameters is observed. It is found that the maximum bending moment in the middle row of the pile group is higher than the front and rear rows for all cases considered in the study. The pile displacement and bending moments in the pile group reduce with an increase in soil modulus, pile spacing and pile diameter. As pile slenderness is increased, it causes an increase in displacement of the pile and a decrease in the maximum bending moment. The modified Cam clay model predicts greater displacements as compared to the Mohr-Coulomb model highlighting the impact of p0 on the yield surface. From the results obtained, the ultimate loads are predicted at a displacement of 5 mm, 10 % of diameter and 20% of diameter.

Discrete diffusion-type equation on regular graphs and its applications

ABSTRACT We derive an explicit formula for the fundamental solution to the discrete-time diffusion equation on the -regular tree in terms of the discrete I-Bessel function. We then use the formula to derive an explicit expression for the fundamental solution to the discrete-time diffusion equation on any -regular graph X. Going further, we develop three applications. The first one is to derive a general trace formula that relates the spectral data on X to its topological data. Though we emphasize the results in the case when X is finite, our method also applies when X has a countably infinite number of vertices. As a second application, we obtain a closed-form expression for the return time probability distribution of the uniform random walk on any -regular graph. The expression is obtained by relating to the uniform random walk on a -regular graph. We then show that if is a sequence of -regular graphs whose number of vertices goes to infinity and which satisfies a certain natural geometric condition, then the limit of the return time probability distributions from is equal to the return time probability distribution on the tree . As a third application, we derive formulas which express the number of distinct closed irreducible walks without tails on a finite graph X in terms of moments of the spectrum of its adjacency matrix.

Fault-Tolerant Predictive Control With Deep-Reinforcement-Learning-Based Torque Distribution for Four In-Wheel Motor Drive Electric Vehicles

This article proposes a fault-tolerant control (FTC) method for four in-wheel motor drive electric vehicles considering both vehicle stability and motor power consumption. First, a seven-degree-of-freedom vehicle nonlinear model integrating motor faults is built to design a hierarchical FTC control scheme. The control structure is composed of two levels: an upper level nonlinear model-predictive controller and a lower level fault-tolerant coordinated controller. The upper level controller provides an appropriate reference in terms of additional yaw moment and vehicle longitudinal force, required for vehicle stability control, to the lower level controller. This latter aims at distributing the four-wheel torques taking into account both vehicle stability and power consumption. Specifically, the weighting factor involved in the optimization-based design of the lower level controller is determined online by the randomized ensembled double <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$Q$</tex-math></inline-formula> -learning reinforcement learning algorithm to achieve an optimal control strategy for the whole vehicle operating range. Moreover, the tradeoff between vehicle stability and power consumption is analyzed, and the necessity of using reinforcement learning is discussed. Numerical experiments are performed under various driving scenarios with a high-fidelity CarSim vehicle model to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control method. Via a comparative study, we highlight the advantages of the new FTC control method over many related existing control results in terms of improving the vehicle stability and driver comfort as well as reducing the power consumption.

Language Moments in Second Language Interaction: Relevance of Understanding to Learning

Interactional modification is important in SLA research because it involves correcting problematic L2 use. However, not all modifications will lead to pedagogical changes. Participants in conversational interactions are not always oriented to linguistic forms or functions. One way to address this dilemma is to examine the process by which participants come to terms with problematic L2 use in interactional exchanges. “Language moments” refer to cases in which L2 forms and functions are objects of interactive exchanges in L2 interactions. Through conversation analysis, the present study uncovered four different types in which participants in L2 interaction discovered and acted on language moments in terms of the degree of explicitness in recognizing and addressing problematic L2 use. This study used data from ESL classroom interactions that featured native teachers of English and L2 learners in an US context. This descriptive account of interactional processes might complement prior research studies that have focused on effects of interactional modification.

Brain networks subserving functional core processes of emotions identified with componential modeling.

Despite a lack of scientific consensus on the definition of emotions, they are generally considered to involve several modifications in the mind, body, and behavior. Although psychology theories emphasized multi-componential characteristics of emotions, little is known about the nature and neural architecture of such components in the brain. We used a multivariate data-driven approach to decompose a wide range of emotions into functional core processes and identify their neural organization. Twenty participants watched 40 emotional clips and rated 119 emotional moments in terms of 32 component features defined by a previously validated componential model. Results show how different emotions emerge from coordinated activity across a set of brain networks coding for component processes associated with valuation appraisal, hedonic experience, novelty, goal-relevance, approach/avoidance tendencies, and social concerns. Our study goes beyond previous research that focused on categorical or dimensional emotions, by highlighting how novel methodology combined with theory-driven modeling may provide new foundations for emotion neuroscience and unveil the functional architecture of human affective experiences.

New classes of density estimates of low bias

A desirable property of a kernel used for a density estimate is that it has high order as this gives low bias. Given a kernel K, a basis pj(z),j≥0, and q≥1, we show how to choose a=a0,…,aq−1′ such that K̂q(z)=K(z)∑j=0q−1ajpj(z) is a kernel of order at least q. a is given in terms of the mixed moments, EZjpk(Z). Some of the kernels involve the complex unit. A simulation study is performed to compare density estimates based on some of the proposed kernels to competitive ones including those in Withers and Nadarajah [1]. The proposed estimates are shown to have smaller biases and smaller mean squared errors.

P-y based approach to predicting the response of monopile embedded in soft clay under long-term cyclic loading

Offshore wind turbines (OWTs) are subjected to environmental loadings such as those induced by waves or wind typically comprising up to millions of cycles (i.e., high-cycle loading). To evaluate the performance of OWTs during a lifetime cycle, this study proposed a p-y based approach to predict monopile response subjected to a long-term cyclic loading. A cyclic loading may cause an accumulation of strain and a built-up of excess pore water pressure under undrained conditions, accompanied by a corresponding reduction of stiffness and shear strength in soft marine clay. In the proposed procedure, the cyclic degradation and strain accumulation of soft clay is considered by a generalized empirical model given the soil reaction calculated from p-y analysis for a prescribed loading condition on the pile. Afterward, the response of pile subjected to a long-term cyclic loading is predicted by modifying the preselected p-y curve by p-multiplier and y-multiplier to take account for the cyclic degradation and strain accumulation, respectively. The proposed approach is validated by three centrifuge tests on a monopile in soft clay. The simulation results are in good accordance with the measurements in terms of pile displacement and bending moment versus number of applied cycles. Therefore, the proposed approach is feasible to predict the long-term pile response subjected to high-cycle loading. Moreover, it is easily implemented in the widely used p-y approach.

Faster spectral density calculation using energy moments

Accurate predictions of inclusive scattering cross sections in the linear response regime require efficient and controllable methods to calculate the spectral density in a strongly-correlated many-body system. In this work we reformulate the recently proposed Gaussian Integral Transform technique in terms of Fourier moments of the system Hamiltonian which can be computed efficiently on a quantum computer. One of the main advantages of this framework is that it allows for an important reduction of the computational cost by exploiting previous knowledge about the energy moments of the spectral density. For a simple model of medium mass nucleus like ^{40}Ca and target energy resolution of 1 MeV we find an expected speed-up of approx 125 times for the calculation of the giant dipole response and of approx 50 times for the simulation of quasi-elastic electron scattering at typical momentum transfers.

Deformation-based pushover analysis method for transverse seismic assessment of inverted Y-shaped pylons in kilometer-span cable-stayed bridges: Formulation and application to a case study

Kilometer-span cable-stayed bridges usually adopt tall inverted Y-shaped pylons. Such pylons may behave inelastically under strong transverse seismic excitations. Therefore, efficient analysis methods (e.g., pushover analysis) for transverse elastoplastic behavior assessments of inverted Y-shaped pylons are of great interest for academic and industrial communities. Based on equal displacement rule, this study proposes an applied deformation-based pushover analysis (DPA) incorporating a novel multi-node load pattern for the efficient transverse seismic behavior assessments of inverted Y-shaped pylons in kilometer-span cable-stayed bridges. A case study of the inverted Y-shaped pylon of Sutong Bridge is adopted to demonstrate the proposed DPA. The proposed multi-node load pattern for DPA is verified through the validation of the loaded-node selection and equal displacement rule for the studied pylon. The ability of DPA in seismic behavior assessments is then systematically validated by comparative studies with incremental dynamic analysis (IDA), conventional pushover analysis (CPA), and modal pushover analysis (MPA) in terms of displacement, bending moment and curvature responses of pylon as well as computational costs.

Calculation of the hyperfine structure of Dy, Ho, Cf, and Es

A recently developed version of the configuration interaction (CI) method for open shells with a large number of valence electrons has been used to study two heavy atoms, californium (Cf, Z= 98) and einsteinium (Es, Z= 99). Motivated by experimental work to measure the hyperfine structure (HFS) for these atoms, we perform the calculations of the magnetic dipole HFS constants $A$ and electric quadrupole HFS constant $B$ for the sake of interpretation of the measurements in terms of nuclear magnetic moment $\mu$ and electric quadrupole moment $Q$. For verification of our computations, we have also carried out similar calculations for the lighter homologs dysprosium (Dy, Z= 66) and holmium (Ho, Z= 67), whose electronic structures are similar to Cf and Es, respectively. We have conducted a revision of the nuclear moments of some isotopes of Es leading to an improved value of the magnetic moment of $^{253}$Es [$\mu$($^{253}$Es) = 4.20(13)$\mu_N$].

Anisotropic Triebel–Lizorkin spaces and wavelet coefficient decay over one-parameter dilation groups, I

This paper provides maximal function characterizations of anisotropic Triebel–Lizorkin spaces associated to general expansive matrices for the full range of parameters p in (0,infty ), q in (0,infty ] and alpha in {mathbb {R}}. The equivalent norm is defined in terms of the decay of wavelet coefficients, quantified by a Peetre-type space over a one-parameter dilation group. As an application, the existence of dual molecular frames and Riesz sequences is obtained; the wavelet systems are generated by translations and anisotropic dilations of a single function, where neither the translation nor dilation parameters are required to belong to a discrete subgroup. Explicit criteria for molecules are given in terms of mild decay, moment, and smoothness conditions.

Responses of Structural Components of a Full-Scale Nailed Retaining Structure under the Influence of Surcharge Loading and Nail Head Configuration: A Numerical Study

Soil-nailing is a simple and economical method of stabilizing cut slopes and retaining excavation. Most of the soil-nailing related studies, in particular the experimental work, were conducted in idealized or homogeneous ground, but such a result might not necessarily be representative. Thus, for a more representative study, instead of treating the ground as homogeneous it should be treated as a system of horizontal layers. This study assessed the performance of a full-scale nailed retaining structure for a foundation pit of a 20-storey building through a series of numerical analyses. The influence of full-face facing thickness, nail head geometrical configuration (size and thickness) and surcharge loading on the response of the structural components of the soil-nailing system adopted is the main concern. The results were evaluated in terms of axial force, shear force and bending moment of the structural facing element and the horizontal displacement of the soil retained behind the facing element. In both cases, the distribution of nail axial (tensile) force in each nail reinforcement was also compared and evaluated. It was found that the thickness of full-face facing affected the facing shear force and bending moment, while the surcharge loading influenced the facing axial force and the horizontal displacement of the retained soil and that the magnitude of the axial force registered at the fixed end was governed by the size of the discrete nail head.

The Importance and Training of Executive Functions among Children and Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Executive function is a set of higher-order cognitive processes in which people control their thoughts and behaviors to accomplish goals. This paper explores whether executive functions are similar important for children and children with autism spectrum disorder, and whether existing training methods are efficient. Executive function is important for children because they can use the function to improve their academic and social performance. When children lack executive functions, they are vulnerable to mental disorders including the autism spectrum disorder. To reduce the risk of mental disorders, children should be provided with executive function training, which usually includes behavioral, movement-based and mindfulness training methods. Behavioral training can effectively help children with attention deficiency. Movement-based training is supposed to strengthen children’s muscles, in particular the brain development, and enhance children’s inhibitory control and attention. Mindfulness training aims at removing judgmental experiences at a given moment in terms of feelings, thoughts, and behaviors. It can reduce stress and anxiety, as well as improve children’s cognitive control. Executive functions are more rampant among preschool children. Children with autism spectrum disorder need executive function training as it can improve their working memory, cognitive flexibility and response inhibition. However, executive function training can be highly individualized and require qualified trainers, and traditional executive function training methods may lack effectiveness, which requires future research to continue to develop and focus on advanced technologies to improve the effectiveness of executive function training. This paper can provide some reference for follow-up research.