Terms Of Mass Research Articles

Marine methods for carbon dioxide removal: fundamentals and myth-busting for the wider community

Abstract To avoid global warming in excess of 1.5°C under the current sluggish adoption of drastic reductions in global greenhouse gas emissions, application of methods to remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere will become essential in the near future; yet, development of these methods is in its infancy. Land-based methods are further developed than marine methods, but it is likely that similar-scaled application will be necessary in both realms. There are many misconceptions in discussion groups and fora about the ‘simplicity’ or ‘ease’ of proposed marine applications, partly because the complex marine carbon cycle is insufficiently understood by the proponents, having been discussed in largely inaccessible, technical texts only. This review outlines the basic operation of the marine carbon cycle in straightforward terms, with some simplifications, to help advance the debate among the wider community. Break-out boxes provide additional detail where desired, and references (and the sources cited therein) provide avenues for further study. The review then discusses two potential marine methods for atmospheric carbon removal that are thought to offer the greatest potential in terms of carbon removal mass: ocean iron fertilization and ocean alkalinity enhancement. Finally, six statements/arguments that seem to regularly crop up in carbon removal discussion groups are evaluated within the perspective of the compiled and reviewed information.

Fabrication of highly active and stable Ni/CeO2-nanorods wash-coated on ceramic NZP structured catalysts for scaled-up CO2 methanation

The production of synthetic natural gas from CO2 methanation using green H2 produced via water electrolysis is a promising pathway regarding both the curtailment of excess power by variable renewables and the mitigation of CO2 emissions. Several catalytic systems have been employed for thermocatalytic CO2 methanation in lab-scale, with Ni-based catalysts being amongst the most cost-effective and active materials. In this regard, we have recently demonstrated the remarkable low-temperature CO2 methanation activity of a nickel catalyst supported on ceria nanorods, ascribed to the augmented metal-support synergy. Herein, we report on a scaled-up process of CO2 methanation, involving; i) fabrication of a highly porous NZP-type ceramic substrate of Ba1+xZr4P6–2xSi2xO24 in the form of extruded pellets, ii) wash-coating of Ni/CeO2-nanorods catalyst on NZP pellets, iii) design and testing of scaled-up experiments under a scaling factor of 80:1 and 65:1 in terms of mass and volume of catalysts compared to lab-scale experiments, respectively. The as-synthesized catalyst exhibited remarkable performance under variable reaction conditions and stable behavior after 75 h. Remarkably, the structured catalyst attained a methane formation rate of 277 NL gNi−1 h−1, being higher to numerous values reported in relevant works. Equally importantly, it was disclosed that increased values of space velocity led to high temperature gradient in the catalytic bed, thereby favoring the generation of CO. Intriguingly, the morphological and structural characteristics of the used catalyst remained unaltered even after various on/off reaction cycles and the stability test, which is a promising finding toward scaling-up the process at higher technology readiness levels using real feed streams.

Plant and animal protein for muscle mass and strength gains: a systematic review

Background: Controversial approaches to studying the effect of proteins of various origins on the functional parameters of human skeletal muscles have led to the erroneous opinion that plant-based protein is a lesser stimulator of muscle mass growth and muscle strength than animal protein. Therefore, the purpose of this systematic review was to actually evaluate the effects of plant and animal protein intake on muscle mass and strength through studies comparing protein supplements.Methods: Literature search was carried out in the databases PubMed, Research Gate and the database of the Russian State Library. Studies were considered both in English and in Russian, over the past 20 years, filtered by date: from July 2002 to July 2022. Inclusion Criteria: Participants are healthy men and women over 18 years of age; taking protein supplements from plant products (soy, wheat, pea, rice, etc.); comparison with a group taking protein supplements from animal products (whey, beef, egg, etc.); studies assessed lean and/or muscle mass and assessed participants' muscle strength before and after supplementation; randomized controlled trial.Results: A total of 970 studies were found. After initial screening for title and abstract, 938 studies were excluded. Of the 32 publications selected, 5 duplicates were excluded, and after a secondary selection, 18 studies that did not meet the PICOS criteria were excluded. As a result of the search and selection, the review included 9 publications.Conclusions: Athletes and active individuals who prefer to consume plant-based protein products may not be inferior in terms of muscle strength and muscle mass to those athletes who prefer animal-based protein products. To further explore this topic, more randomized controlled trials should be conducted, taking into account the requirements for standardization and with a large number of participants.Registration: PROSPERO 2022 CRD42022345245

Plantago Ovata Husk: An Investigation of Raw Aqueous Extracts. Osmotic, Hydrodynamic and Complex Rheological Characterisation

The aim of the study was to characterize raw aqueous extracts from Plantago ovata husk in terms of molecular chain mass, osmotic, hydrodynamic, and rheological properties. The raw extracts used in this study have not been yet investigated in the indicated research area. Determination of the molecular weight of the chains present in the extract was performed by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Osmotic properties were characterized using membrane osmometry. Rheological properties were investigated via classical rotational rheology with normal force measurements, as well as less common but equally important measurements of extensional viscosity. Two types of chains with an average molecular mass of 200 and 1780 kDa were found. The values of the first virial coefficient (B2) indicate the predominance of biopolymer-biopolymer interactions. The hydrodynamic radius established at 25 and 30 °C was 74 and 67 nm, respectively, and lower than at 40 °C (>600 nm). The first critical concentration was determined: c*=0.11 g·dL-1. The dominance of negative normal force values resulting from the formation of a pseudo-gel structure of the heteroxylates was demonstrated. Extensional viscosity measurement results revealed that the studied extracts cannot be treated as simple shear-thinning fluids, as indicated by shear flow, but should be considered as viscoelastic fluids.

Metrics with irreducible mass leading to a correct parameter dependence of gravitational effects around charged and rotating bodies

The standard metrics outside of charged and rotating sources (Kerr-Newman in general, Reissner-Nordström and Kerr in particular) contain the total mass at infinity, which includes both the mass of a neutral non-rotating body and the mass equivalents of rotational and electric field energies. Therefore, the total mass is related to other parameters of the metric - angular momentum and charge. However, at studying the dependence of gravitational effects on parameters, this relationship was ignored, assuming total mass to be constant at varying angular momentum and charge. This error led to physically absurd predictions about the weakening of gravity and its effects with increasing the rotational and electric field energies. To eliminate such errors, the total mass must be expressed in terms of independent parameters - the mass of the neutral non-rotating matter of the source, charge and angular momentum. Recently this has been done using as an independent parameter the mass determined from the gravitational radius at the pole when the charge is only on the surface (Zakir, 2022). In the present paper it is used “irreducible mass”, earlier defined heuristically as the remainder of total mass after the removal of angular momentum and charge. Earlier, mass formulas expressing total mass in terms of irreducible mass were proposed by Florides (1960) (improved by the author (2022)) for charged bodies and then by Christodolou (1970) for rotating and Christodolou-Ruffini (1971) for charged rotating sources. In the paper, the standard metrics are transformed to metrics with independent parameters by substituting the expression for the total mass according to these mass formulas. It is shown that the metrics in this form lead to a physically correct dependence of the effects of gravity on the parameters, in particular, the growth of the rotation and electric field energies strengthens gravity and its effects, such as time dilation and redshifts, increases radii of orbits and the area of shadow.

Otolith mineralogy affects otolith shape asymmetry: a comparison of hatchery and natural origin Coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch).

Many aspects of natural and hatchery origin salmonid genetics, physiology, behaviour, anatomy and life histories have been compared due to the concerns about what effects domestication and hatchery rearing conditions have on fitness. Genetic and environmental stressors associated with hatchery rearing could cause greater developmental instability (DI), and therefore a higher degree of fluctuating asymmetry (FA) in various bilaterally paired characters, such as otoliths. Nonetheless, to appropriately infer the effects of DI on otolith asymmetry, otolith mineralogy must be accounted for. Vateritic otoliths differ substantially from aragonitic otoliths in terms of mass and shape and can artificially inflate any measurement of FA if not properly accounted for. In this study, measurements of otolith asymmetry between hatchery and natural origin Coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch from three different river systems were compared to assess the overall differences in asymmetry when the calcium carbonate polymorph accounted for 59.3% of otoliths from hatchery origin O. kisutch was vateritic compared to 11.7% of otoliths from natural origin O. kisutch. Otolith mineralogy, rather than origin, was the most significant factor influencing the differences in asymmetry for each shape metric. When only aragonitic otoliths were compared, there was no difference in absolute asymmetry between hatchery and natural origin O. kisutch. The authors recommend other researchers to assess otolith mineralogy when conducting studies regarding otolith morphometrics and otolith FA.

Оценка качества семенного материала маша (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek.) лабораторными методами

Abstract. An increase in the number of representatives of the legume family is important for the intensification of agricultural production, solving the problem of obtaining complete, balanced in terms of amino acid composition of food and feed. When testing varieties of mung bean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek.) from the VIR collection in the ecological conditions of the Middle Volga region, varieties were identified that are able to ripen and form full-fledged seeds. When determining the germination of seed material, the germination energy varied from 70 to 100 %, germination from 96 to 100 %. It was revealed that the seeds remained unsimilar, smaller in size than the main mass. In this regard, there is a need to study the germination depending on the size of the seeds. The purpose of the research is the evaluation of the influence of seed size on sowing qualities and growth power of mung bean at the initial stages of ontogenesis. Methods. Seeds were divided into three fractions “small”, “medium” and “large”. The germination of seeds of each fraction was determined, and it was found that this process depends both on the size of the seeds and on the biological characteristics of the variety. Scientific novelty. For the first time in the conditions of the Middle Volga region, a positive correlation was found between the size of seeds and their quantitative and qualitative characteristics. Results. As a result of the research, it was found that the growth force of the studied samples was high, however, both varietal differences and differences depending on the size of the seeds were revealed. The growth force decreases in both varieties with a decrease in seed size by 3.4–10.0 %. In the Saltan sample, this tendency is more pronounced than in the Gvidon sample. But in terms of mass and volume of roots, the Gvidon sample significantly exceeds the Saltan sample. It is recommended that when cleaning and sorting mung bean seeds, the fraction that has passed through a sieve with 3 mm holes is considered waste.

The Switch and Reciprocating Models for the Function of ABC Multidrug Exporters: Perspectives on Recent Research.

ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters comprise a large superfamily of primary active transporters, which are integral membrane proteins that couple energy to the uphill vectorial transport of substrates across cellular membranes, with concomitant hydrolysis of ATP. ABC transporters are found in all living organisms, coordinating mostly import in prokaryotes and export in eukaryotes. Unlike the highly conserved nucleotide binding domains (NBDs), sequence conservation in the transmembrane domains (TMDs) is low, with their divergent nature likely reflecting a need to accommodate a wide range of substrate types in terms of mass and polarity. An explosion in high resolution structural analysis over the past decade and a half has produced a wealth of structural information for ABCs. Based on the structures, a general mechanism for ABC transporters has been proposed, known as the Switch or Alternating Access Model, which holds that the NBDs are widely separated, with the TMDs and NBDs together forming an intracellular-facing inverted "V" shape. Binding of two ATPs and the substrate to the inward-facing conformation induces a transition to an outward conformation. Despite this apparent progress, certainty around the transport mechanism for any given ABC remains elusive. How substrate binding and transport is coupled to ATP binding and hydrolysis is not known, and there is a large body of biochemical and biophysical data that is at odds with the widely separated NBDs being a functional physiological state. An alternative Constant Contact model has been proposed in which the two NBSs operate 180 degrees out of phase with respect to ATP hydrolysis, with the NBDs remaining in close proximity throughout the transport cycle and operating in an asymmetric allosteric manner. The two models are discussed in the light of recent nuclear magnetic resonance and hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry analyses of three ABC exporters.

Intravenous AAV9 administration results in safe and widespread distribution of transgene in the brain of mini-pig.

Animal models are important for understanding the pathogenesis of human diseases and for developing and testing new drugs. Pigs have been widely used in the research on the cardiovascular, skin barrier, gastrointestinal, and central nervous systems as well as organ transplantation. Recently, pigs also become an attractive large animal model for the study of neurodegenerative diseases because their brains are very similar to human brains in terms of mass, gully pattern, vascularization, and the proportions of the gray and white matters. Although adeno-associated virus type 9 (AAV9) has been widely used to deliver transgenes in the brain, its utilization in large animal models remains to be fully characterized. Here, we report that intravenous injection of AAV9-GFP can lead to widespread expression of transgene in various organs in the pig. Importantly, GFP was highly expressed in various brain regions, especially the striatum, cortex, cerebellum, hippocampus, without detectable inflammatory responses. These results suggest that intravenous AAV9 administration can be used to establish large animal models of neurodegenerative diseases caused by gene mutations and to treat these animal models as well.

Photometric and structural parameters of newly discovered nuclear star clusters in Local Volume galaxies

ABSTRACTWe use high-resolution Hubble Space Telescope imaging data of dwarf galaxies in the Local Volume ($\lesssim {11}\, \mathrm{Mpc}$) to parameterize 19 newly discovered nuclear star clusters (NSCs). Most of the clusters have stellar masses of $M_{\star }^{\mathrm{nsc}} \lesssim 10^{6}{\, {\rm M}_{\odot }}$ and compare to Galactic globular clusters in terms of ellipticity, effective radius, stellar mass, and surface density. The clusters are modelled with a Sérsic profile and their surface brightness evaluated at the effective radius reveals a tight positive correlation to the host galaxy stellar mass. Our data also indicate an increase in slope of the density profiles with increasing mass, perhaps indicating an increasing role for in situ star formation in more massive hosts. We evaluate the scaling relation between the clusters and their host galaxy stellar mass to find an environmental dependence: for NSCs in field galaxies, the slope of the relation is $\alpha = 0.82^{+0.08}_{-0.08}$ whereas $\alpha = 0.55^{+0.06}_{-0.05}$ for dwarfs in the core of the Virgo cluster. Restricting the fit for the cluster to $M_{\star }^{\mathrm{gal}} \ge 10^{6.5}{\, {\rm M}_{\odot }}$ yields $\alpha = 0.70^{+0.08}_{-0.07}$, in agreement with the field environment within the 1σ interval. The environmental dependence is due to the lowest-mass nucleated galaxies and we speculate that this is either due to an increased number of progenitor globular clusters merging to become an NSC, or due to the formation of more massive globular clusters in dense environments, depending on the initial globular cluster mass function. Our results clearly corroborate recent results in that there exists a tight connection between NSCs and globular clusters in dwarf galaxies.

Fatigue and failure analysis of aluminium and composite automotive wheel rims: Experimental and numerical investigation

This paper deals with the adoption of composites in the design of the wheel rims of a sports car. With particular reference to cornering structural performance, the design of a composite wheel rim, produced via Resin Transfer Moulding (RTM) led to a reduction in mass and to an increase in bending stiffness. The adoption of alternatives to aluminium alloys allows the unsprung masses, as well as the total mass of vehicle to be contained. This paper provides a comprehensive view of the fatigue tests used for the wheel rim type-approval, followed by a rundown of wheel rims designed by Ferrari S.p.A from 2009 to present. These wheel rims have been classified in terms of mass and stiffness, and manufacturing process like casting, forging, or RTM.The failure modes of the reference Ferrari 488 GTB wheel rim were compared to those of the new composite wheel. In addition, the interpretation of the failures is supported by the results of Finite Element analyses. Though some initial defects led to a loss of stiffness of the wheel throughout the cornering fatigue test, the experimental results show that composite wheel rims are considered safe and they comply with the homologation targets and the Ferrari S.p.A. regulations.

Environmental life cycle assessment of production of the high intensity sweetener steviol glycosides from Stevia rebaudiana leaf grown in Europe: The SWEET project

PurposeThere is an increasing interest in the use of non-nutritive sweeteners to replace added sugar in food and beverage products for reasons of improving consumer health. Much work has been done to understand safety of sweeteners, but very little on sustainability. To address that gap, this study presents the results of a life cycle assessment (LCA) of production of rebaudioside A 60%, 95% pure (RA60) steviol glycoside mix from Stevia rebaudiana leaf grown in Europe.MethodsAn attributional cradle-to-factory-gate life cycle assessment was conducted on growing of stevia leaves and extraction of steviol glycosides in Europe. Primary data were used from a case study supply chain. Results are reported in impact categories from the ReCiPe 2016 (H) method, with focus given to global warming potential, freshwater eutrophication, water consumption, and land use. Impacts are expressed both in terms of production mass and sweetness equivalence, a common metric for understanding high intensity sweetener potency. Sweetness equivalence of RA60 is typically 200 to 300 times that of sugar. Comparison of environmental impact is made to sugar (sucrose) produced from both cane and beets. The research is part of the EU project SWEET (sweeteners and sweetness enhancers: impact on health, obesity, safety, and sustainability).Results and discussionGlobal warming potential for production of RA60 was found to be 20.25 kgCO2-eq/kgRA60 on a mass basis and 0.081 kgCO2-eq/kgSE on a sweetness equivalence basis. Field production of stevia leaves was found to be the main source of impact for most impact categories, and for all four focus categories. Extraction of the RA60 was the main source of impact for the others. Leaf processing and seedling propagation were minor contributors to life cycle impact. Removal of international transport from the supply chain reduced global warming potential by 18.8%. Compared with sugar on a sweetness equivalence basis, RA60 has approximately 5.7% to 10.2% the impact for global warming potential, 5.6% to 7.2% the impact for land use, and is lower across most other impact categories.ConclusionThis is the first LCA of steviol glycoside mix RA60 produced from leaf in Europe. The results indicate that RA60 can be used to reduce environmental impact of providing a sweet taste by replacing sugar across all impact categories. However, it is important to note that specific formulations in which RA60 is used will have a bearing on the final environmental impact of any food or beverage products. For solid foods, this requires further research.

Determining all thermodynamic transport coefficients for an interacting large N quantum field theory

Thermodynamic transport coefficients can be calculated directly from quantum field theory without requiring analytic continuation to real time. We determine all second-order thermodynamic transport coefficients for the uncharged N-component massless (critical) scalar field theory with quartic interaction in the large N limit, for any value of the coupling. We find that in the large N limit, all thermodynamic transport coefficients for the interacting theory can be expressed analytically in terms of the in-medium mass and sums over modified Bessel functions. We expect our technique to allow a similar determination of all thermodynamic transport coefficients for all theories that are solvable in the large N limit, including certain gauge theories.

High-Throughput Nanoparticle Characterization via Glow Discharge Optical Emission Spectroscopy Elemental Mapping

Nanoparticle (NP) characterization is critical in many fields due to the use of NPs in numerous applications. Traditional NP characterization techniques, however, are limited by low sample throughput, and few can measure the size and elemental composition. Furthermore, sample throughput limitations are compounded in elemental mapping (EM) techniques for obtaining NP spatial distribution. Glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy (GDOES) EM can provide large area maps directly and cost-effectively from solid samples within tens of seconds. Here, GDOES EM is demonstrated for the first time for NP characterization in terms of mass, elemental composition, and size/structure dimensions. The effects of GD pulsed power, pressure, and sample substrate were studied, and optimized conditions resulted in limits of detection at single pg levels. While this is not at the level of single nanoparticle sensitivity, size differentiation of Ag and Au nanoparticles was successfully demonstrated between 5 and 100 nm, while the internal dimensions of complex core-shell NPs were also identified through the optical emission changes as a function of time.

Development of safe products from local waste of oil and fat production

Quicklime is a mixture of pieces of different sizes formed after coarse grinding of the fried product. According to its chemical composition, it is a mixture of calcium and magnesium oxides, the main composition of which is CaO. In small quantities, it may contain undecomposed calcium carbonate, as well as silicates, aluminates and ferrites of calcium and magnesium, formed during the interaction of clay and quartz sand with calcium and magnesium oxides. Quicklime ground lime is a powder product of fine grinding of lump lime. The formulation of the bitumen-replacing mixture consists of the following components, such as oil sludge, gossypol resin, quicklime and technical sulfur. Oil sludge is the most significant waste of the oil industry in terms of mass. A waste disposal methodology towards obtaining a bitumen-replacing mixture for the use of insulating and roofing coatings was created. According to the results, comparative tests of pilot batches of building bitumen -replacing mixture in terms of physical and mechanical characteristics in accordance with State standards 6617-76 showed that almost all 4 experimental batches of building bitumen -replacing mixture gave good performance. However, the experimental batch #4 changed stability and increased bitumen brittleness when 4% quicklime was added. After the test, the experimental batch #3 received good indicators of stability and brittleness.

A METHOD FOR PREDICTING UNSATURATED SOIL PERMEABILITY COEFFICIENT BASED ON CLAY CONTENT

The unsaturated permeability coefficient is of importance to study the behavior of the water seepage and contaminant transport in unsaturated soils. The direct measurement of the unsaturated permeability coefficient is time consuming and laborious. Therefore, indirect approaches are usually applied to obtain the unsaturated permeability coefficient. However, indirect methods still have some drawbacks. An indirect method is usually fitted through the soil–water characteristic curve of a special type of soil, which also requires a large workload and its application is limited. To overcome these drawbacks, a fractal model of the relative permeability coefficient of unsaturated soils has been deduced in this study based on the relation between clay contents and fractal dimensions in terms of mass. A new fractal simple prediction method of unsaturated soil absolute permeability coefficient associated with the new fractal model has also been proposed by combining the simple relation between saturated permeability coefficient and air-entry value. The method is validated with the experimental data of existing literature, and the result shows that the proposed model has a higher prediction accuracy.

Iterative design of aircraft airframe components and assemblies

The rationale for the purpose of this article is the need to reduce the weight of aircraft structures while increasing strength, as well as reducing the time spent on design. Weight reduction leads to an increase in the take-off weight of the aircraft, which has a positive effect on the efficiency of the aviation complex. This method consists in iterative modeling of loads acting on the structure in CAM programs. The iterative design method is applicable at all stages of the development of airframe units. It allows you to see the areas with the lowest and highest stresses. The underloaded parts of the structure are lightened, and the overloaded ones are strengthened. Thus, the refinement of geometric parameters is achieved, and it also becomes possible to optimize the cons.The iterative method makes it possible to reduce the design time of components and assemblies, to obtain a more perfect design in terms of mass and strength characteristics, as well as to automate the process of developing components and assemblies using hardware and software tools. The approaches proposed in this paper make it possible to create an electronic product layout that can be used throughout the entire product life cycle, which reduces the amount of human, material and financial resources used.

Design of a structurally optimized bioinspired structural arrangement of а polymer composite regional aircraft tail fin

Aircraft frame elements are highly responsible elements. They are subject to stringent requirements for strength, stability, resource. Often these requirements contradict each other, especially if it is necessary to ensure the minimum mass of the product. However, it is necessary to improve the characteristics of aircraft. Nevertheless, the optimization of the frame has almost exhausted itself. The power frame consists of longitudinal and transverse elements. It is possible to improve the characteristics of structural arrangement by using polymer composite materials based on glass and carbon fibers. This will improve the design characteristics due to high specific properties. In addition, one of the directions is the development of new bioinspired structural layout based on natural analogues. The work is devoted to the actual task of searching and choosing new structural arrangement for the aircraft tail. The paper considers five variants of structural layout, including the classical original design. The advantage of the bioinspired variant in terms of mass and displacement is shown.

Life Cycle Assessment of an Innovative Microalgae Cultivation System in the Baltic Region: Results from SMORP Project

Abstract Microalgae cultivation at biogas plants creates joint benefits for using liquid digestate and exhaust gas from the CHP unit as nutrient and carbon sources for microalgae growing. This circular approach increases biogas production’s sustainability towards a bioeconomy and zero-waste perspective. This study aims to evaluate the potential environmental impacts in connection to a novel microalgae growing technology named Stacked Modular Open Raceway Pond (SMORP) as a side-stream process coupled with centrate and exhaust gases from a biogas plant. A comparative LCA according to ISO 14044 is performed between the innovative SMORP concept at the pilot level and a hypothetical scaled-up system. Primary data for the inventory are directly gathered from the microalgae growing test performed at the biosystems laboratory of the Institute of Energy Systems and Environment of the Riga Technical University. Secondary data are collected from literature mostly in terms of mass and energy balances considering the SMORP pilot project design. The results of the LCA include the main findings both at mid and endpoint categories according to the IMPACT 2002+ method. In addition, a sensitivity analysis for several different parameters has been investigated. Results show the feasibility of the coupled system and the possibility of having benefits once the system is scaled up. Nevertheless, the results show a critical dependency of the environmental performance on the local conditions, potentially affecting too high cultivation costs.

Design of a structurally optimized bioinspired structural arrangement of carbon composite fuselage of unmanned aerial vehicle based on parametric modeling

Currently, the industry of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) is actively developing. They perform a wide range of different civilian and military tasks. Depending on the task, stringent requirements are imposed on the design, but the key ones are low weight, high strength and survivability. Satisfying these requirements will increase the payload mass and extend the life of the product. This can be ensured by the use of polymer composite materials (PCM) based on carbon fibers and new structural arrangement. This is especially true for the main element of the UAV frame –the fuselage. The work is devoted to an urgent task –the development of a new UAV composite structural layout. Structural-optimized structures are considered: bioinspired, auxetic, grid structures. A comparison of the developed options with the classical structure of the frame is carried out. A variant that exceeds the classical layout in terms of mass and strength up to 25% is selected. Main layout parameters are determined.