Terms Of Marriage Research Articles

Tip naselja kao determinanta bračnog i reproduktivnog ponašanja mladih

The paper explores the importance of the type of settlement for marital and reproductive behaviour of young people. More specifically, it examines the differences in the evaluation and practice of certain forms of marital and reproductive behaviour between young people living in different types of settlements. The data were collected with the aid of quantitative techniques like surveys and scaling. The research was conducted in the region of Southern and Eastern Serbia. The quota sample consisted of the total of 500 respondents, aged from 15 to 35 years. The results of the research show that the type of settlement is an important determinant, but more for the purpose of evaluation than for practising certain models of marital and reproductive behaviour of young people. Young people living in villages are more loyal to the traditional values in terms of marriage and parenthood, while young people living in the city tend to embrace modern values. However, practice shows that rural youth, besides maintaining traditional patterns of behaviour, also manifests certain deviations from them (like postponement of marriage and parenthood, reduced reproductive norms, cohabitation and out-of-wedlock parenting).

Evaluation of the relationship between youth attitudes towards marriage and motivation for childbearing

IntroductionIt is known that the oldest and smallest social structure of human beings, which has been a social entity throughout history, is the family. Although there may be different opinions all over the world, marriage is seen as a cultural necessity in order to establish family unity. In this study, we aimed to determine the relationship between motivations of youth, that are among the cultural inheritors, for marriage and childbearing. MethodsThis descriptive and correlational study was conducted with 820 midwifery and nursing students who attend Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van Health High School in 2019–2020 fall semester. Data were collected through Student Information Form, Inonu Marriage Attitude Scale (I-MAS) and Childbearing Motivations Scale (CMS) and the data obtained were examined with descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal Wallis Test, Pearson’s Correlation and simple linear regression analysis. ResultsThe mean age of the patients was 21.415 ± 1.593 (min = 18, max = 26) years, 73.4% were female and almost all of them (99.6%) have not been married before. It was found that the students have positive attitudes towards marriage with high scores they received from I-MAS (73.312 ± 18.323). It was determined that decisions of the studies who reported positive opinion about childbearing were influenced by personal satisfaction level, childbearing burden and immaturity before birth, experiencing marriage stress and negative financial predictions for future. There was a positive moderate (r = 0.675, p < 0.001) correlation between attitudes of the students towards marriage and motivations of childbearing, and a positive weak correlation between attitudes of the students towards marriage and negative motivations of childbearing (r = 0.239, p = 0.000). ConclusionIt was found that youth generally have positive attitudes towards marriage and childbearing, but socioeconomic factors may have negative effects on the decisions made for future. For this purpose, it can be recommended that public policies should be regulated in terms of marriage and childbearing, and young people with negative opinions should be referred to marriage and family counseling centers.

Is student loan debt good or bad for full-time employment upon graduation from college?

Student loan debt represents an important phenomenon in the United States, as around 61% of bachelor's degree recipients graduate with a debt of over $28,100. Although studies emphasize that holding student loan debt delays the transition to adulthood in terms of marriage and home ownership, little is known about its impact on employment and this limited research offers, at best, equivocal evidence. The current study draws from Conservation of Resources theory to argue that student loan debt acts as a major financial stressor for new labor market entrants during job search. Using archival data from 1,248 graduating seniors from 4 geographically diverse universities in the United States collected in the context of a prospective study design, we found evidence for 2 countervailing mechanisms through which student loan debt may influence full-time employment upon graduation. On the one hand, college students who had student loan debt were more likely to experience financial strain, and subsequently more job search strain, which was negatively related to college seniors' odds of securing full-time employment upon graduation. On the other hand, this financial strain was also positively related to students' work hours while in the last semester of college, which was positively related to their odds of securing full-time employment upon graduation. Further mediation tests revealed that only the 3-stage indirect effect through job search strain (i.e., student loan debt → financial strain → job search strain → full-time employment) was statistically significant. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

Changing Marriage Practices in Babylonia from the Late Assyrian to the Persian Period

AbstractBased on an analysis of marriage contracts, this paper argues that at the time of the Persian conquest (539 BCE) Babylonians practiced two types of marriage depending on their social status. Non-elite families negotiated different terms of marriage than elite families, in three areas: bridal wealth, household creation, and regulations about adultery and divorce. However, these divergent marriage practices became less pronounced and eventually obsolete in the course of the Persian period. This article first presents the evidence for the two marriage types and then seeks to find an answer, albeit a partial one, to the question why these traditions changed from c. 490 BCE onwards.

“Family-bound” or “Pulled by Work”?—A Study of Chinese Women’s Social Participation and the Factors Influencing It

On the basis of an analysis of data from the Chinese Social Survey (CSS) 2015, and with male social participation as the reference, we undertook an empirical study of Chinese women’s current social participation and the factors affecting it along the two dimensions of “marriage and family life” and “employment and income status,” as well as the basic characteristics of individuals. Our findings show that in general women display a lower level of social participation than men. In terms of type of social participation, women are more likely to take part in policy-supported activities or serve as volunteers for public interest activities but less likely to participate in the activities of particular “action organizations” or the expression of opinion. Women’s social participation is affected by many factors, including basic individual characteristics, marital status and family life, and employment and income status. A further gender comparison finds that female social participation tends to be more affected by marriage and family life, whereas male social participation is more closely related to employment and income status. We conclude that although more Chinese women have stepped out of the bonds of “home and family,” their social participation “outside the family” is family-bound in a way that is quite different that of men. Hence if we are to pursue gender equality at the level of social participation, it remains necessary to give women greater assurances in terms of marriage and family life by encouraging the realization of their self-worth and facilitating their social development, so as to coordinate and alleviate the double pressures of family and work, thus making women’s social participation an important force and enhancing their all-round development.

The Labour Army in the Memoirs of the Siberian German Catholics

This research focuses on the memories of Siberian German Catholics about traumatic events of the war and post-war years. Migration from the Volga Region to Siberia and the Labour army were the objects of reflection. The interviewing that took place in 1993—1994 was both massive and widespread in its scope. The article focuses on the role of oral sources in the study of both everyday history and generalizations of Entangled History. In particular, the recollections of German Catholics showed that religious beliefs influenced people's behaviour in terms of marriage, the role of women in leading religious communities significantly increased, and, due to the unavailability of church buildings, the cemetery became the usual place of common prayer.

Young men, poverty and aspirational masculinities in contemporary Nairobi, Kenya

Building on recent calls for more focus on street-level optimism about life and the world, we address the question of ‘aspirational masculinities’ among poor urban young men in Kenya. Our data and material come from ethnographic work with young men in two slum communities in the country’s capital city, Nairobi. While acknowledging that, in their neighborhoods, ‘proper’ masculinity is constituted in traditional terms of marriage, hardiness, provisioning, breadwinning and self-reliance, youth in our study aspired to masculinities characterized by ‘abler’ breadwinnerhood, caring, positive emotions, relationality, and the rejection of violence. The masculinity aspirations of poor Nairobi youth are complex; fashioned at the crossroads of structural constraints and agentive projects for a good life, and simultaneously supportive and resistive of traditional hegemonic manliness ideals. These aspirations are limited by and reflect an objective condition of everyday and enduring inequality while also signifying a deep unmet yearning for positive social and livelihood changes.

URGENSI TES URIN BAGI PASANGAN CALON PENGANTIN PERSPEKTIF ISTIHSAN AL-SYARAKHSY

In carrying out marriage there are harmony and conditions that must be met, includes the existence of a prospective husband, prospective wife, marriage guardian, two witnesses, and qobul consent, the provision is based on KHI article 14 in chapter IV concerning the terms of marriage. But in 2019, the East Java region imposed a urine test on the bride and groom as additional marriage conditional. Urine test conducted for the bride and groom is a policy of the regional office of the ministry of religion in East Java in an effort to reduce the number of drug abuse. Because the number of drug users in East Java is very high and has expanded to remote areas of the village so that prevention and control effort are needed evenly, efficiently and structured. With the enactment of the policy of the regional office of the ministry of religion in East Java above, the religious affairs office obliges the bride and groom to take a medical and urine test. Implementation of this urine test will not obstruct the marriage process of the bride and groom, if one or both brides are proven to use narcotics, the bride and groom will get rehabilitation treatment by the East Java BNNP. This is done so that the condition in question does not become worse after marriage. Using the analysis of Istihsan al Syarakhsy shows that there is harmony and as a reinforcement that the urgency of urine tests for brides is a form of response both done in an effort to get justice and benefit.

Agama dan Pernikahan Pasangan Beda Agama di Sendangmulyo Semarang

Marriage is the dream of every couple, where marriage is one of the highest forms of commitment in every individual relationship that makes love. In practice marriage is the dream of every couple to continue to be together to build a household. However, the couple's desire now becomes complicated when the marriage is difficult because of different religious beliefs. The difficulty of the legality of interfaith marriages in Indonesia becomes a polemic of interfaith couples in carrying out their marriage legally in the state or religion or even opposition faced with the family. Given this interfaith marriage today is still intensively carried out even though in practice it is difficult to implement and many problems will arise in the future. Indonesia is indeed known as a multicultural nation where differences in culture and religion are inevitable, one of which is the phenomenon of interfaith marriages now that Indonesia has five legitimate religions and streams of belief that are still developing in modern society. The state agency appointed to legalize the holy marriage is still a long-standing polemic for some couples who want to formalize their marriage. However, because they want to keep each of their beliefs, the state fully regulates marriages that require couples to marry with the same beliefs and religions, whereas in practice citizens are free to make their own choices and have the right to be happy in determining their life choices, including in terms of marriage and determining their life partners each

The family life of bachelors: the single Spanish naval officers (1730-1900)

ABSTRACTFamily has traditionally been understood in terms of marriage, which represents the continuity and reproduction of kin. However, this premise has tended to underrepresent the value of an essential element of families and society: single men and women, far from being secondary actors, played essential roles for the welfare, protection, support and union of other relatives. Indeed, the family experience of these individuals provides a different point of view from which to observe families. The present paper aims to examine the family life of bachelors during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, using Spanish naval officers as a case study. This is a group whose social characteristics are of particular interest: they were men ‒ most studies focus on single women ‒ and they were not clergymen, the largest group of bachelors during this period. Their professional, behavioural and family roles, their individual and collective strategies, and their links with relatives are examined in this paper. Special attention is paid to their private relationships ‒ the main sources used are testaments ‒ and both quantitative and qualitative arguments are presented. Although the proportion of single officers dropped ‒ one third at the beginning of the eighteenth century and only 7% at the end of the nineteenth century ‒, they played a very important role within families throughout these centuries. They were very close to their parents and siblings, although they also had important ties with other relatives ‒ uncles, aunts, nephews, nieces, cousins. The relationships with brothers and sisters were especially noteworthy. One of the main conclusions is that single officers became interdependent agents within their families, that is, they were both protectors and protégés, which explains their importance within the family structure.

Barriers to marriage and motherhood: the experiences of disabled women in Malaysia

ABSTRACT The conceptualisation of disability is contested globally and issues in gender studies further complicate the movement towards the development of an inclusive and equal society. However, most disability and gender research studies are based on the data collected in the Global North, and little is known about disabled women in the Global South. The data presented here is from a bigger study focusing on the lived experiences of women with disabilities. This paper sets to explore how disabled women in Malaysia experience their lives in terms of marriage and motherhood prospects. The data of this qualitative study was collected from a set of in-depth interviews involving 32 women in Malaysia with physical (mobility) impairment. Over a period of 6 months, 16 Malays, 8 Chinese and 8 Indian women were interviewed twice. The analysis proposes both retrospective and introspective accounts on marriage and motherhood. The data gathered from the in-depth interviews was transcribed and analysed thematically with the help of NVivo software. The findings indicated that most participants have experienced significant barriers concerning individual constraints, familial control, and societal barriers. These were discussed with the intrinsic aspects and contextual factors of living in a patriarchal and traditional society that significantly undermined the wellbeing of disabled women in this study. Nevertheless, many of those interviewed refused to give up their hope of having a family life despite the constant struggles they encountered in their pursuit of happiness. However, their aspirations to experience family life were restricted and this caused them to experience significant psycho-emotional problems. They were constantly reminded that they were ‘disabled’ and not worthy of experiencing life like other women. The paper will discuss these challenges and negative societal attitudes towards the issue.

Kebijakan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia dan Hukum Islam Mengenai Poligami: Sebuah Kajian Perbandingan

Based on Law No. 1 of 1974 about Marriage, the Government of Indonesia has determined to adhere to the principle of monogamy in terms of marital arrangements. However, the Government of Indonesia does not decline polygamy opportunity for its citizens who wish to marry more than one person with some determined conditions and procedures. In the perspective of Islamic law, polygamy is permissible, but not mandatory and recommended. The law of polygamy in Islamic law follows the circumstances and conditions of someone who wants to practice polygamy. This study seeks to analyze and compare the Government of Indonesia policy and Islamic law in terms of marriage, especially regarding the reasons, conditions, and procedures for polygamy.

Unsettled intimacies: revisiting Edith Wharton’s The Custom of the Country through Nella Larsen’s Quicksand

Scholars have highlighted Nella Larsen’s textual interventions into aspects of Edith Wharton’s major works. The interventions, they claim, not only unmask Wharton’s pointed operations of erasure against people of color but, in some cases, showcase her racism. None of these works, however, devote critical analysis to the interventions staged on Wharton’s The Custom of the Country (1913), the novel that, I argue, is her most definitive statement on the role of market-based capitalism on the fate of Western civilization. Nella Larsen’s Quicksand (1928) shares many of Custom’s thematic concerns. Though writing from different class and racial perspectives, both writers must account for the social developments that spilled over from the previous century to articulate their implications for their heroines in terms of marriage, family, work, divorce, sex, and race relations on a trans-Atlantic scale. However, given that Custom almost entirely elides the presence of people of color, assessing it alongside Quicksand animates the spectre of colonialism that haunts the text, inviting us to remember why not all bodies, as M. Jacqui Alexander argues in “Not Just (Any) Body Can Be a Citizen,” can be imagined as naturalized citizen subjects within the rubric of modern capitalism.

Cased Based Reasoning to Identify Cause Conflicts in Marriage

The function of KUA in the activities surrounding the religion of Islam, including providing service and guidance in the area of present services in terms of marriage and reconcilement for Muslims, provide services and guidance in the field of development of Sakina, family consultation conflict or household problems, and so on. Integration between the computer and artificial intelligence into the post-wedding consulting services is one approach in overcoming the limitations of the expert (religious instructor).This research aims to identify conflict in marriage by applying Naive Bayes algorithm at the stage of determining the groups of test data (retrieve), then entered the stage of the search process of the highest similarity value by using the Nearest Neighbor algorithm (reuse). The data source and the test data used are divided into two groups, namely marriage, and history data consultation, While the group conflicts are identified will be divided into five classes, namely an employment factor, the factor of age, educational factors, factors the number of weddings, and social status.Testing is performed by the use of 12 data, consisting of 11 data cases and 1 test data. At the stage of determination of group conflict acquired test data included in group one i.e. F001 (factor of the job), so at the stage of looking for value similarities used only the base case of the class F001 i.e. KK001, KK003, and KK008. The KK001 similarity has a value of 0476, KK003 of 0882, and KK008 of 0142. The case with most high similarity value will be stored as a base case. If the value similarity obtained less than the threshold value that is 0.8, then the solution of the case will be revised by experts. The results of the calculation accuracy, using 35 new test data that gets the value of 82.86%.

İslam Hukukunda Çocukluk ve Çocuk Evliliği

İslam Hukukunda Çocukluk ve Çocuk Evliliği

Marital fidelity and chastity: The missing ethology in Charismatic pastoral leadership

This paper aims to point out the rationale behind the Charismatic pastors’ moral flaw, especially in terms of marriage. It proposes some remedial initiatives to be considered and it recommends that the discussions about ministerial preparations or trainings should not only concern skills or methods of doing the ministry, but also include moral formation or character traits of leaders. Moral issues should take the centre stage and pastors must be morally upright before pointing fingers to the secular world or politicians’ moral decline. The public discourses should encourage moral values and ethics in general. Ethology, in this context, refers to ethical discourse. This discourse should be an intra-ecclesiastical endeavour where leaders convene to examine the theological understanding of marriage. The article concludes with suggested initiatives to remedy the situation.

NIKAH MISYAR (Analisis Maqashid asy-Syari’ah)

The marriage misyar is a marriage contract conducted by husband and wife in syar'i and meet all the terms of marriage in islamic law. But the wife sincerely gave up her right not to be fulfilled by her husband, such as living in the house and the material right as usual of marriage. This marriage has been widely studied by Muslim intellectuals from various aspects such as, such as sociological, legal, and maqashid asy-syari'ah. Among the studies of the highlights maqashid ay-syari'ah concluded that marriage misyar in line with maqashid shari'ah at the level of dharuriyah, hajjiyah and tahsiniyah. The marriage misyar just to meet the biological needs, what can be said that this marriage is compatible with maqashid asy-syari'ah especially at the level of dharuriyah? At last it can be concluded marriage misyar irrelevant to maqashid asy-syari'ah padal level dharuriyah.

Nonregular Employment in a Society with a Decreasing Birthrate: Workers' Marriage, Childbirth, and Childcare

In this paper, we examine the trend in Japan towards nonregular employment and its effects on marriage, childbirth, and childcare from the viewpoint of a decreasing societal birthrate. Although the decision to marry includes personal values and preferences, socioeconomic status factors such as income and employment type are also associated with the determinants of marriage. Nonregular employment workers have a lower rate and motivation for marriage than regular workers. Thus, socioeconomic disparity caused by employment needs to be minimized through governmental measures and policies. Nonregular employment is increasing among younger generations, and for them, maternity and childcare leave are especially vital. Employee insurance coverage should be expanded to function as a form of income security during these leaves of absence, such that nonregular workers are also covered. During the childcare period, which lasts more than 10 years, it is necessary to cover childrearing costs and also the time required to spend with children. If a single working parent is involved in childcare alone, there is the burden of both work and childcare. Additionally, long work hours can also impact workers that are not involved in childcare. This is a dilemma: a stable and regular employment is often necessary to achieve a higher education; however, it is difficult for nonregular employees to take care of and prepare children for higher education owing to limited financial means. Properly designed measures and policies are necessary to break this chain. Importantly, considerations about life and work are important for all workers, including nonregular workers, who are especially affected in terms of marriage, childbirth, and childcare.

Reasons and Ramifications of Tardy Marriages among Educated Muslim Women Folk in Indian Controlled Kashmir: An Introspection from Social Psychology Standpoint

Since times immemorial, marriage is considered as an act by virtue of which two individuals make their relationship manifest in terms of a bond that putatively lasts for life time. Spiritually, marriages are believed to be settled in heavens and solemnized on earth. This metaphoric scenario is often practiced other way round in the valley of Kashmir. As a matter of fact, the process of seeking a life associate and its consolidation in terms of marriage is so cumbersome and unenviable that it often leads the women folk of Kashmir into cyclic rethinking about its eudaemonia. In the anticipation of endorsements for a happy married life with the tendency of zeroing risk factors, the dingy psycho-evolved system that is dominant now-a-days leads the Kashmir phratry towards the manifestation of tardy marriages. This piece of research work aims to ascertain the reasons and axiomatic ramifications that lead to tardy marriages among educated Muslim Women folk in Kashmir Valley. This study is also an attempt to comprehend the social stratification and cultural dynamics of Kashmir as is introspected from social psychology standpoint. This paper unfolds the coalescing systematics of major issues and complexities of tardy marriages in order to present a strategic arduous solution to counter and castigate this imperil that creates distortion and soreness in the social fabric of Kashmir.

HADIS TENTANG NIKAH MUT‘AH (KAWIN KONTRAK)

This research talks about contract marriage or in Islam known as mut'ah marriage. The marriage of a contract is a marriage which is done according to the time specified. When time is up then man can leave the woman. According by Ammianus Mercellinus, such marriages were practiced by Arabs around the 4th century AD. This news needs to be clarified because existence of women abandoned by men is probably not in terms of marriage but they only help mas to prepare in war. In Islam, once allowed to marry contract because Sahabat have not long left period of ignorance and infidelity. It is allowed under conditions in an emergency such as it is permissible for eating pork. Even many narrations that tell about mut'ah marriage and made sub in the book of al-sittah. Ibn Hajar explain the history of al-Bukhari, that contract marriage was ever allowed, then banned in the end. Sayyidina Ali RA, at the end of his story he was commented that allow of contract marriage was removed. The permissibility of mut'ah marriage in the pre-war khaibar era was then banned in the khaibar war. Allowed again when the conquest of Mecca when the war aut’as forbidden forever. Law of mut'ah marriage is forbidden those who do marriage mut'ah or al-nikah al-Muaqqat become void. Allow of mut'ah marriage in Islam only in war time emergency as described above. Imam mazhahib arbi'ah agree that mut'ah marriage is equal to al-nikah al-muaqqat. Besides, they also agree whether the agreement is openly or hidden remain void. Besides to the nass that is history sahih of the Prophet SAW, the marriage of the contract does not match purpose of marriage.