Terms Of Livestock Production Research Articles

Кластерная модель анализа больших данных в животноводческом производстве

Intelligent methods of analysis, which include the problem of clustering, are widely used in the field of economics of the agro-industrial complex. The clustering problem belongs to the class of unsupervised learning problems. The essence of the problem is the grouping of research objects according to the use of similarity. If the regions of the Russian Federation are selected in terms of livestock production, they can also be automatically grouped according to the similarity recipe. The k-means method is currently a successful method for solving clustering problems. The main stage of solving the problem is the collection of data, which includes all the main characteristics of the object. For example, if you set up production in the region in terms of animal husbandry, then it would be more logical to x1 - meat production per capita and x2 – milk production per capita. The criterion for choosing the number of clusters is the root mean square error. In total, 79 regions of the Russian Federation participated in the analysis. It turned out that the potential to break all regions of the Russian Federation into 7 clusters of similarity. Regions with high milk and meat production (clusters 4 and 6), regions with high milk and meat production (clusters 2, 3, 5) and regions with low milk and meat production (clusters 0, 1) were identified.

Why does rangeland integration by transfer fail to overcome the tragedy of anticommons?

In China, rangeland fragmentation leads to the problems of anticommons, in terms of livestock production and ecological conditions. As the countermeasure, rangeland use right transfer has been encouraged by the governments recently, which aims to integrate the fragmented rangelands by lease. Can transfer overcome the problems of anticommons? We addressed this question through a case study in Inner Mongolia, by comparing livelihoods and ecological conditions between the households with lease-in pastures and those without practicing transfer. We found that though transfer could make the livelihoods of lease-in households with larger rangeland better-off in weather good years, but worse-off in drought years; and the over grazing was intensified on the transferred pastures. We concluded that the transfer may not be able to fundamentally overcome the problems of anticommons. We argued that spatial anticommons and right anticommons are interrelated to each other, rather than two juxtaposed types as defined by anticommons scholars.

English

Livestock sector seeks a multifold increase in production to sustain its role in achieving food sufficiency in the world. However, anxiety is observed in terms of its falling production particularly in developing countries like Pakistan. The livestock sector is vulnerable to numerous diseases followed by poorly adopted coping strategies. This study was conducted in the Punjab Pakistan, a prominent province in terms of livestock production. A list of 3808 livestock farmers was developed through a benchmark survey conducted in two purposively selected (Raheem-Yar-Khan and Muzaffargarh) districts. A sample of 400 livestock farmers was determined from the 40 selected villages through a multistage sampling technique. Collected data were analyzed through SPSS and tables were drawn to interpret the results. Results indicate that awareness of farmers about different diseases was considerably good but the extent of damage theses disease gives to the livestock business was not understood by the farmers. Apart from foot-and-mouth disease and hemorrhagic septicemia farmers rated either low threatening or very low threatening. Farmers had poor knowledge about internal and external parasites and their damage was also not recognized by them. Only tick was reported as a farm damaging parasite. Though farmers were adopting coping strategies at the farms, but clean cattle shelter, vaccination and disease prevention were the leading practices. While against the services provided by the Punjab livestock department, only vaccination against the different disease was prominent. The education and experience of the farmers had a significant association with most of the coping strategies.

Farming Practices for Reducing Ammonia Emissions in Polish Agriculture

The main source of ammonia emissions in Poland is agriculture. In 2017, approximately 94% of the total ammonia emissions in Poland came from agriculture, of which the largest part (78%) was related to livestock manure and 22% to nitrogen fertilization. This study presents the results of representative research on the implementation of technologies and techniques that reduce ammonia emissions on farms in Poland. The research methodology, including statistical data analysis (multiple correspondence analysis), allowed comparisons to be made of the applied low-carbon practices, taking into account farmers’ characteristics (e.g., age and education) and farm attributes (area size, location, etc.). According to the research, both in the case of mineral fertilization and animal production, farmers in Poland relatively rarely undertake pro-ecological practices aimed at reducing ammonia emissions. The most frequently undertaken activities include dividing the doses of nitrogen fertilizers (in terms of plant production) and the use of feed additives (in terms of livestock production). Empirical studies, supported by correspondence analyses, confirmed a significant differentiation of coexistence and strength of the relationship between the studied variables. The use of correspondence analysis made it possible to precisely recognize the differentiation and co-occurrence of variable categories. In the course of analytical work, a relatively strong correlation was found between the use of divided doses of nitrogen fertilizers and the economic size of farms (φ2 = 0.11571). In turn, the use of feed additives was most strongly determined by the economic size of farms (φ2 = 0.072614) and the location of farms (φ2 = 0.072223).

Implementation of Artificial Intelligence Policy in the Field of Livestock and Dairy Farm

Artificial intelligence is changing each and every field of the modern world and livestock is not any exception. It is greatly expected that this modern technology has the potential to bring a breakthrough in the field of livestock through combining biological information with technological advancement. Modern farms with the implementation of AI techniques are showing exceptional growth as they have improved efficiency in terms of livestock production and minimized the physical labor as well as the labor cost. Thus this sector has become more significant in world GDP. The present study is intended to highlight the principal benefits provided by AI techniques including robots, drones, and 3D printing. Through this research, readers can get a better idea about applications of AI, its benefits and disadvantages in the field of dairy farming and livestock. It will also encourage fellow researchers to conduct such research in the future.

The Impact of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Husbandry on the Biophysical Characteristics of Soils in Neotropical Agroecosystems

The neotropical agroecosystems are important areas in the global scene in terms of livestock production. Therefore, a good conservation of their soils is crucial in order to both guarantee food safety and reduce the impact of land degradation processes. Conservation of neotropical soils used for farming activities could be obtained using veterinary medicine and adopting new grazing systems in the last decades. A wide bibliographical review was carried out which illustrates current issues in neotropical agroecosystems, the importance of their soil properties highlighting the role played by dung beetles within the edaphofauna, and the effects of the most common anti-parasitic practices as well as some natural alternatives. Finally, we present commonly adopted grazing systems and how they are affecting soil properties and animal welfare. The conversion of forest into agricultural and pasture land is altering the biochemical quality of soils. Furthermore, the use of ivermectin is dangerously reducing the total amount of dung beetles that are a key element in nutrient recycling processes. The implementation of new grazing systems (e.g., Voisin, Savory) is progressively fragmenting the habitat of many species. Nevertheless, there are also some benefits in this kind of practices and some natural alternatives to anthelmintics are being tested.

Current Status and Prospects for Organic Agriculture in Poland

AbstractOrganic farming is part of a sustainable development model; at the same time it is becoming a prerequisite for the multifunctional development of rural areas. The main aim of this study is to identify the state and analyse changes in the development of organic agriculture in Poland as well as to present the possibilities for its development. The time horizon of the study covers the years 2003 to 2015. The basis of the research was an analysis of the literature, the Report of the Chief Inspectorate of Trade Quality of Agriculture and Food (IJHARS), and national empirical research; it also includes an analysis of the results of surveys carried out on organic farms in the summer of 2016, as well as our own observations. The study showed that in the years 2003-2015 Poland saw a rapid increase in the number and area of organic farms due in part to the introduction of EU subsidies. Spatial analysis of the proportions of farms by voivodeship shows that in 2015 most were recorded in Warmia-Mazuria, Podlasie and West Pomerania. Similar to the increase in the number of organic farms, the years 2003-2015 saw an increased area of organic farmland. Poland is second in the world in terms of growth in the area of organic farms. In the years 2003-2014 the average size of an organic farm remained at about 25 ha and was higher than the average size of conventional farms (10 ha). In 2014 the crop structure was dominated by fodder plants (35.8%), and meadows and pastures (31.5%). In terms of livestock production, cattle and horses had the biggest share.

Measuring the technical efficiency of livestock production in Vietnam

The aim of this study was to measure the technical efficiency and productivity performance of livestock production activities across different regions of Vietnam, based on panel data covering the period 2008–2012. Although efficiency improvements did occur in some regions over this period, low technical efficiency, poor productivity performance, and variations in performance composition dominate across most regions. Households that depend heavily on the livestock income particularly or the agricultural income generally are more vulnerable than others in terms of livestock production.

Ammonia emissions from livestock production in Chile: an inventory and uncertainty analysis

The objective of this work was to quantify the country's NH3 emissions from livestock production. This calculation was based on the mass flow of total ammoniacal nitrogen (TAN). The analysis was performed for all 15 geographical regions in Chile. The definition of livestock subcategories was based on data from the Chilean Agriculture and Forestry Census as well as technical reports published by the Chilean National Statistics Institute. Significant differences were observed among the sources of livestock emissions in Chile's regions, and there was high variability depending on the degree of livestock confinement. In 2013, the total calculated emissions were 69.1 kt NH3/year (± 31.1). The O’Higgins Region had the highest NH3 emissions in Chile, representing 45% of the total. In terms of livestock production, 45% of the emissions were generated by pigs, 22% by poultry, 16% by cattle, 11% by equines and 4% by sheep. Emissions from the TAN that was available during manure and slurry management and the degree of animal confinement were the primary sources of uncertainty. This uncertainty could be greatly reduced by developing regional emission factors and by including the degree of animal confinement in Chile's national statistics such as the Agriculture, Livestock and Forestry Census.

Local perceptions of rangeland degradation and climate change in the pastoral society of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

Rangelands provide several valuable ecological services and provide for the livelihoods of local herders on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP). However, rangelands are being degraded due to overgrazing, policy changes and climate change. In this context, a survey was conducted in Zhuaxixiulong township of Gansu Province, China to examine the rangeland management systems and identify problems herders are facing in terms of livestock production and livelihoods using a Participatory Rural Appraisal approach. The results indicated that local herders perceived recent trends in rangeland degradation, climatic change, and political changes, and had developed management practices to adapt to these changes, such as adjusting transhumance patterns, cooperating with local institutions and adopting more collective actions in production practices. This study suggests that, to promote a sustainable rangeland management system in the QTP, policy-makers should recognise indigenous knowledge systems of grazing practices and rangeland management, as well as the need for more advanced technical methods. More attention should be paid to recent changes in climate, social transformations and economic changes to enhance the viability of such a pastoral society. To ensure the sustainability of the social–ecological system, there is a need to strengthen public participation and cooperation with all types of institutions to formulate appropriate policies and improve public services.

The evaluation of pastures and grazing management in terms of livestock production

Abstract Grazing research in South Africa has been largely pasture oriented and consequently there is still a need to fully evaluate many of our more important pasture types and grazing management practices in terms of livestock production so that efficient pasture‐based feeding systems can be constructed. In order to do this it is necessary to design grazing trials in which the main emphasis is on the animal. An important consideration in trials of this kind is the control of experimental error by careful selection and blocking of animals, applying effective animal weighing procedures and manipulating certain aspects of experimental design. In addition, quality and quantity of herbage consumed should be measured, while the use of continuous grazing and a variable stocking rate as research tools may be particularly effective in certain circumstances. Information provided by these techniques in well integrated field trials for pasture evaluation in terms of livestock production is likely to be of great general value to the livestock industry as a whole.