Terms Of License Research Articles

Insights From Library Information and Resource Sharing for the Future of Academic Library Collections

The successes and challenges of library resource sharing offer important lessons for librarians considering the future of academic library collections. Library resource sharing specialists provide interlibrary loan services because neither the Internet, nor any one library, holds all of the information that people need. And, how well ILL departments can facilitate access to information, in traditional and innovative ways, depends on many factors, including copyright guidelines, license terms, publisher embargoes, high publisher paywalls for article access, the existence of both legal and illegal social sharing, and, especially, on what librarians continue to collect, maintain and preserve.

Licensing by Design: A Systematic Approach

ABSTRACTThis article draws on a case study at the University of Connecticut Library to present best practices for managing license documents as well as tracking and communicating terms of use and performance obligations in an academic library context. This article tackles leveraging the Ex Libris Alma library services platform to manage licensing workflows and display relevant terms to end users through the Primo discovery service. The discussion also addresses ways to simplify and standardize license terms for consistent tracking and display, recommends guiding principles for effective licensing, reviews policy statements to maximize compliance and define expectations with vendors, and presents ideas for educating staff and users about terms of use.

Using Digital Mind Map in teaching Arabic

The recent study investigated the effectiveness of using digital mind map on developing some creative writing and reading skills of Arabic majors' at faculty of Education. Research group were (30) male and female students. The study used the semi-experimental approach (pre-post one group design) because the study presented a new treatment which students didn't study before. Two lists of creative reading and writing skills needed to be developed were prepared. The researcher prepared then two units using digital mind map and creative reading and writing skills. The research tools were applied on the research group. Results indicated that there were significant statistic differences between means scores of the study group in favor of posttest. This assured the effectiveness of using digital mid map on developing creative reading and writing skills of Arabic majors at faculty of Education. The study recommended the necessity of applying the latest technology in teaching Arabic in different school stages. -------------------------- Citation: Sayed et.al., prepare a program in the Islamic culture based on self-regulated learning for Developing some religious concepts and tourism attitudes of Faculty of Tourism and Hotels Students. SVU-Journal of abstract 2019, Vol.1: pp9 (retrieved from the Journal of Educational Sciences; 2018, No.34; pp89) Copyright: The SVU- Scientific research Centre (SVU-SRC). This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the creative commons attribution license, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium provided the original author and source are created.

UNIVERSITY STARTUP INTENSITY AND FACULTY QUALITY

Using a theoretical model of university technology transfer and licensing survey data from 1991 to 2013, we show that greater faculty quality and venture capital availability is positively associated with licenses to startups. We employ a two‐stage game of licensing terms (royalty rate and fixed fee) and development efforts to show that under reasonable conditions, licensing to a startup rather than an established firm will be more attractive to a technology transfer office (TTO) because the inventor's ownership share in a startup firm will increase total development efforts by the inventor and licensee. TTOs will be more likely to target startup licensees when the marginal effect of the faculty inventor's additional development effort on the probability of success is large relative to that of the venture capitalist or established firm. Empirical evidence supports the results of the model; using Associated University Technology Data licensing survey data and employing panel and cross‐sectional analyses, we show that an increase in the quality of engineering faculty has roughly twice the positive impact on startup licenses than on established firm licenses. Startup licensing is also strongly impacted by venture capital availability within institutions over time. (JEL L24, L26, D86)

Improved mutant function prediction via PACT: Protein Analysis and Classifier Toolkit

Deep mutational scanning experiments have enabled the measurement of the sequence-function relationship for thousands of mutations in a single experiment. The Protein Analysis and Classifier Toolkit (PACT) is a Python software package that marries the fitness metric of a given mutation within these experiments to sequence and structural features enabling downstream analyses. PACT enables the easy development of user sharable protocols for custom deep mutational scanning experiments as all code is modular and reusable between protocols. Protocols for mutational libraries with single or multiple mutations are included. To exemplify its utility, PACT assessed two deep mutational scanning datasets that measured the tradeoff of enzyme activity and enzyme stability. PACT efficiently evaluated classifiers that predict protein mutant function tested on deep mutational scanning screens. We found that the classifiers with the lowest false positive and highest true positive rate assesses sequence homology, contact number and if mutation involves proline. PACT and the processed datasets are distributed freely under the terms of the GPL-3 license. The source code is available at GitHub (https://github.com/JKlesmith/PACT). Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

Integrating Wikipedia Articles and Images into an Information Resource for Radiology Patients.

Wikipedia-an open-access online encyclopedia-contains a large number of medically relevant articles and images that may help supplement glossaries of radiology terms. We sought to determine the extent to which concepts from a large online radiology glossary developed as part of the Patient-Oriented Radiology Reporter (PORTER) initiative could be mapped to relevant Wikipedia web pages and images using automated or semi-automated approaches. The glossary included 4090 concepts with their definitions; the concept's preferred name and lexical variants, such as plurals, adjectival forms, synonyms, and abbreviations, yielded a total of 13,030 terms. Of the 4090 concepts, 3063 (74.9%) had a corresponding English-language Wikipedia page identified by automated search with subsequent manual review. We applied the MediaWiki application programming interface (API) to generate web-service calls to identify the images from each concept's corresponding Wikipedia page; three reviewers selected relevant images to associate with the glossary's concepts. Licensing terms for the images were reviewed. For 800 randomly sampled concepts that had associated Wikipedia pages, 362 distinct images were identified from the MediaWiki library and matched to 404 concepts (51%). Three images (1%) had unspecified licensing terms; the rest were in the public domain or available via a Creative Commons license. Wikipedia and the MediaWiki library offer a large collection of medical articles and images that can be incorporated into an online lay-language glossary of radiology terms though a semi-automated approach.

The Effect of Competition Law on Patent Remedies

Although competition law and IP law probably pursue complementary goals, competition laws can: (i) affect remedies available for patent infringement; and/or otherwise, (ii) limit the conduct of patentees, particularly when transferring or licensing their patents. This chapter discusses the cases in which tensions between the protection of patents in complex products and the competition laws have arisen or may arise, particularly as regards the ability of owners of standard essential patents (SEPs) to monetise their patents either by seeking an injunction against implementers or by refusing to grant licences complying with previously given commitments—generally, commitments to license on fair, reasonable and nondiscriminatory (FRAND) terms. This chapter also examines potential competition law constraints on the pricing of patent licences, other licensing terms, multi-level licensing and level discrimination, patent pools, sale of patent portfolios and patent acquisitions.

Weeding a shared e-book collection: Collaboration across a consortium

Collection weeding is an important function of any library operation. At its simplest, the process of deciding what to remove, and implementing it, is controlled by a library or system serving a single mission and set of objectives. This becomes more complicated when the collection is shared by a group of libraries, such as those within a consortium, that have separate governing structures. The difficulty of such an undertaking is further compounded for collections of electronic resources with varying licensing terms and technical configurations. This paper describes just such a weeding project of an e-book collection shared by members of a large library consortium.

Analisis Perkembangan Inventasi di Provinsi Papua Barat Tahun 2011-2015

This research aims to describe the investment growth in Papua Barat between 2011 and 2015, and to analyse the potential sectors related to the growth of investment. Data used in this research was secondary data sourced from Badan Penanaman Modal dan Pelayanan Perizinan Terpadu (BPMP2T) of Papua Barat. Data was then analysed using descriptive tabulation method. The results indicated that the realisation of domestic investment in Papua Barat increased from 2011 to 2015. This is because the administrative processes in terms of investment licensing were getting better in this province. The results also highlighted that the realization of foreign investment in Papua Barat was fluctuative, and even more likely to decrease during the similar period. In addition, the findings also indicated that the potential sector that had the highest domestic investment was palm oil plantation sector in Sorong regency, and the potential sector that had the highest foreign investment was general mining sector in Raja Ampat regency.

GC4S: A bioinformatics-oriented Java software library of reusable graphical user interface components.

Modern bioinformatics and computational biology are fields of study driven by the availability of effective software required for conducting appropriate research tasks. Apart from providing reliable and fast implementations of different data analysis algorithms, these software applications should also be clear and easy to use through proper user interfaces, providing appropriate data management and visualization capabilities. In this regard, the user experience obtained by interacting with these applications via their Graphical User Interfaces (GUI) is a key factor for their final success and real utility for researchers. Despite the existence of different packages and applications focused on advanced data visualization, there is a lack of specific libraries providing pertinent GUI components able to help scientific bioinformatics software developers. To that end, this paper introduces GC4S, a bioinformatics-oriented collection of high-level, extensible, and reusable Java GUI elements specifically designed to speed up bioinformatics software development. Within GC4S, developers of new applications can focus on the specific GUI requirements of their projects, relying on GC4S for generalities and abstractions. GC4S is free software distributed under the terms of GNU Lesser General Public License and both source code and documentation are publicly available at http://www.sing-group.org/gc4s

Food Safety Regulations for Childcare Programs: State Agency Perspectives

Regulations for childcare facilities vary greatly in terms of licenses, services provided, times of operation, and type of care offered. Food safety regulations are determined by each state and they can differ depending on the type of childcare operation (childcare centers and in-home operations). Determining differences between food safety regulations for childcare centers and in-home operations is important to establish food safety education and training needs specific to each setting. Therefore, the purpose of this project was to identify food safety regulations of both center and in-home childcare operations through a questionnaire distributed to personnel responsible for the Child and Adult Care Food Program in each of the 50 states. A total of 41 representatives from 29 states completed the questionnaire. Different state agencies and personnel were involved in the regulation and licensing of childcare facilities. Personnel from most states reported having different opening requirements and food safety regulations between childcare centers and in-home childcare operations. The difference reported most often was the requirement for childcare centers to follow public state and local food safety regulations, while in-home operations are not required to follow these regulations. In-home operations are subject to licensing standards alone—or they have no regulations at all—in most of the responding states. However, similar food safety concerns and needs for education and training were reported for centers and in-home operations. Results from this study are intended to inform the future development of food safety education and training materials for childcare facilities.

THE ROLE OF PATENTS IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES: A SURVEY OF THE LITERATURE

AbstractDuring the last few decades, the number of patents in information and communication technologies has increased considerably. An increasing number of patents and the associated fragmentation of IP rights have generated a series of potentially problematic consequences. Patent thickets, royalty stacking, the emergence of patent assertion entities, increased patent litigation – particularly around standard essential patents – and the difficulties with defining fair, reasonable, and nondiscriminatory licensing terms are some of the most debated issues in the literature that we review in this paper. We devote a specific section of our survey to patent quality, currently one of the most debated issues surrounding the patent system. In our analysis, we mix theoretical and empirical arguments with a more policy‐oriented reasoning. This allows us to better position the different issues in the relevant political and economic context.

HIV-1 Drug Resistance Among Ugandan Adults Attending an Urban Out-Patient Clinic.

Little is known about prevalence of drug resistance among HIV-infected Ugandans, a setting with over 15 years of public sector access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) and where virological monitoring was only recently introduced. This study was conducted in the adults' out-patient clinic of the Infectious Diseases Institute, Kampala, Uganda. HIV genotyping was performed in ART-naive patients and in treatment-experienced patients on ART for ≥6 months with virological failure (≥1000 copies/mL). A total of 152 ART-naive and 2430 ART-experienced patients were included. Transmitted drug resistance was detected in 9 (5.9%) patients. After a median time on ART of 4.7 years [interquartile range: 2.5-8.7], 190 patients (7.8%) had virological failure with a median viral load of 4.4 log10 copies per milliliter (interquartile range: 3.9-4.9). In addition, 146 patients had a viral load between 51 and 999 copies per milliliter. Most patients with virological failure (142, 74.7%) were on first-line ART. For 163 (85.8%) ART-experienced patients, genotype results were available. Relevant drug-resistance mutations were observed in 135 (82.8%), of which 103 (63.2%) had resistance to 2 drug classes, and 11 (6.7%) had resistance to all drug classes available in Uganda. The prevalence of transmitted drug resistance was lower than recently reported by the WHO. With 92% of all patients virologically suppressed on ART, the prevalence of virological failure was low when a cutoff of 1000 copies per milliliter is applied, and is in line with the third of the 90-90-90 UNAIDS targets. However, most failing patients had developed multiclass drug resistance.

Lab::Measurement—A portable and extensible framework for controlling lab equipment and conducting measurements

Lab::Measurement is a framework for test and measurement automatization using Perl 5. While primarily developed with applications in mesoscopic physics in mind, it is widely adaptable. Internally, a layer model is implemented. Communication protocols such as IEEE 488 [1], USB Test & Measurement [2], or, e.g., VXI-11 [3] are addressed by the connection layer. The wide range of supported connection backends enables unique cross-platform portability. At the instrument layer, objects correspond to equipment connected to the measurement PC (e.g., voltage sources, magnet power supplies, multimeters, etc.). The high-level sweep layer automates the creation of measurement loops, with simultaneous plotting and data logging. An extensive unit testing framework is used to verify functionality even without connected equipment. Lab::Measurement is distributed as free and open source software. Program summaryProgram Title: Lab::Measurement 3.660Program Files doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.17632/d8rgrdc7tz.1Program Homepage:https://www.labmeasurement.deLicensing provisions: GNU GPL v233The precise license terms are more permissive. Lab::Measurement is distributed under the same licensing conditions as Perl 5 itself, a frequent choice in the Perl ecosystem. This means that it can be used and distributed according to the terms of either the GNU General Public License (version 1 or any later version) or the Artistic License; the choice of license is up to the user.Programming language: Perl 5Nature of problem: Flexible, lightweight, and operating system independent control of laboratory equipment connected by diverse means such as IEEE 488 [1], USB [2], or VXI-11 [3]. This includes running measurements with nested measurement loops where a data plot is continuously updated, as well as background processes for logging and control.Solution method: Object-oriented layer model based on Moose [4], abstracting the hardware access as well as the command sets of the addressed instruments. A high-level interface allows simple creation of measurement loops, live plotting via GnuPlot [5], and data logging into customizable folder structures.[1] F. M. Hess, D. Penkler, et al., LinuxGPIB. Support package for GPIB (IEEE 488) hardware, containing kernel driver modules and a C user-space library with language bindings. http://linux-gpib.sourceforge.net/[2] USB Implementers Forum, Inc., Universal Serial Bus Test and Measurement Class Specification (USBTMC), revision 1.0 (2003). http://www.usb.org/developers/docs/devclass_docs/[3] VXIbus Consortium, VMEbus Extensions for Instrumentation VXIbus TCP/IP Instrument Protocol Specification VXI-11 (1995). http://www.vxibus.org/files/VXI_Specs/VXI-11.zip[4] Moose—Apostmodern object system for Perl 5. http://moose.iinteractive.com[5] E. A. Merritt, et al., Gnuplot. An Interactive Plotting Program. http://www.gnuplot.info/

Submit Manuscript | http://medc rav eonline.co m Introduction Colorectal adenocarcinoma is the third most common malignant neoplasia and the third leading cause of death from cancer in men and women in the United States. Current data show that the incidence of colorectal adenocarcinoma is decreasing in developed countries but increasing in developing countries. 1 The 2018 estimates of the Bra

Introduction Rectal cancer RC is a tumor commonly diagnosed in developing countries accounting to the considerable rates of morbi mortality The neoadjuvant therapy NT with radiotherapy and chemotherapy plays a leading role in the management of this neoplasm according to oncological results and the preservation of anal function Magnetic resonance imaging MRI is one of the main tools for the evaluation of NTresults in rectal cancer in order to manage the patient rsquo s therapy Objectives To compare the results of the MRI performed right after NTwith histopathologic findings of surgical specimens in patients with RC whom underwent radical surgery Methods This retrospective study of patients with extraperitoneal RC Whom underwent radical surgery with a total mesorectal excision TME and with the preservation of sphincter after performing an NT The selected patients underwent an pelvis MRI with an emphasis on the rectum before and after performing an NT The initial stage of the disease was detected on the first MRI and the second MRI post NT was responsible for determining the tumor rsquo s regression grade TRG and downstaging disease This TRG was compared with the estimated regression obtained by histopathology of the specimen based on Dworak TRG classification and TNM classification and trying to analyze the degree of agreement of the two methods and the occurrence of downstaging Results Most patients presented a downstaging of of thedisease after NT when compared to the initial stage Six patients achieved a complete pathological response An MRI had a sensitivity of and specificity of with Positive Predictive Value PPV Negative Predictive Value NPV and an accuracy of in estimating the TRG compared to histopathology There was no correlation between patient characteristics and pathological findings and the results of TRG Conclusion An MRI of the pelvis with an emphasis on the rectum has a high accuracy rate when evaluating patients with RC submitted to NTwith radiotherapy and quimioterapy compared with histopathology and should be used routinely in clinical practice

Kewenangan Pemberian Izin Penggunaan Ruang Bawah Tanah dalam Proyek Mass Rapid Transit Jakarta

As the capital of Indonesia, DKI Jakarta is classified as having the highest population density, resulting in emergent problems in transportation- specifically traffic congestion. The use of basements may be a potential alternative in solving congestion problems in DKI Jakarta. In terms of licensing the use of underground space, used by PT Mass Rapid Transit Jakarta (MRT) as the responsibility of MRT infrastructure implementation and procurement, the authorized licensing is governed through regulation. From a legal perspective, a central issue may be the lack of clear legislation regarding the use of the basement. Therefore, an analysis of the governor’s licensing mechanism is required, as well as the governor’s issue of conformity with regulations, in addition to the legislation pertaining to the crypt. With normative juridical research, this article argues that those authorized to grant permits for the use of basements in an area are public officials, rather than the laws and regulations. The results of the study indicate that the mechanism of licensing the use of basements has been in accordance with the laws, as are the regulations through the regional authority to implement the regional autonomy.
 Keywords: Underground, Power of Local Government, Permissions

Ліцензування крюїнгових компаній як гарантія захисту трудових і соціальних прав моряків

To date, such type of economic activity as a mediation for employment abroad occupies a significant segment in the economy in Ukraine. Ukraine lost the Navy as a result of denationalization and restructuring of the Ukrainian economy, and lack of demand of seamen in such situation on the national labor market resulted in unemployment. Ukrainian sailors are forced to seek employment on foreign ships, often even sailing on ships under "comfortable flags". Numerous licensed intermediary structures, such as crewing companies are taking advantage of the situation. The legal regulation of the activities of such companies is rather imperfect, because in the legislative basis of Ukraine, in general, there is no concept as "crewing company", despite the fact that this type of economic activity is very specific, because it’s navigation relation. Licensing of crewing companies is one of the types of state economy regulation, which main purpose is to ensure an-unified state policy in this area. The license serves as evidence of legitimation of a crewing company. But does the license itself give the full guarantee of protecting the social and labor rights of customers who use the services of such companies, in this case, the seafarers? In this case, the licensing conditions for the activities of crewing companies are crucial. An important global international act of sailors’ rights protection and their social security is the ILO Labor Conventions on Maritime Labor 2006, which Ukraine has not yet ratified. But one must understand that in the current difficult economic realities of Ukraine, the ratification process of this Convention becomes a complex phenomenon. In our view, to address the issue of guaranteeing the protection of the rights of seafarers, to date, there is a process of approximation or partial identification of licensing conditions for the activities of crewing companies to the international standards of the ILO Convention on Work in Maritime Navigation in 2006. Introducing the new Licensing Terms will better protect the basic interests and rights of sailors, although, of course, these new standards are minimal and do not solve all social and labor issues. Such new rules for the licensee will be more stringent, but they will bring the licensing of crewing companies closer to international standards. At this stage, a control over the implementation of these conditions is important, so now the question remains about improving the work of state bodies in the field of supervision and control over the activities of crewing companies.

Optimal licensing schemes for a mixed ownership firm when facing uncertain R&D outcomes and technology spillover

In this paper, we develop a mixed Cournot duopoly model to investigate whether and how a mixed ownership firm licenses its non-drastic innovation to the private rival when facing uncertain R&D outcomes and technology spillover. The results show that, (i) in terms of fixed-fee and royalty licensing, the optimal licensing contract is always the fixed-fee when the private share is low, while it is always the royalty when both the private share and product substitutability are sufficiently high. As for other cases, whether the fixed-fee is superior to the royalty also depends on the degree of technology spillover; and (ii) even if the two-part tariff is available for the mixed firm, the fixed-fee alone is still one possible form of the optimal licensing contract. Moreover, the finding also shows that the probability of R&D success plays a critical role in the process of determining the licensing strategy for the mixed firm.

The FRAND Contract

Government agencies in various countries have issued guidelines to facilitate private negotiation to license the use of standard-essential patents (SEPs) that a patent holder has voluntarily committed to a standard-setting organization (SSO) to offer to license on fair, reasonable, and nondiscriminatory (FRAND) terms (or on reasonable and nondiscriminatory (RAND) terms, as the case may be) to a third-party seeking to implement the standard. In effect, these jurisdictions are competing in a tournament of sorts to identify the best legal framework for resolving FRAND licensing disputes. A leading candidate is the existing body of U.S. contract law. In this article, I examine the FRAND licensing of SEPs through the lens of U.S. contract law.1 I will eschew the phrase “FRAND commitment” in favor of the bulkier but more precise phrase “the FRAND contract between the SEP holder and the SSO.” That terminology helps to clarify that the license agreement potentially formed between the SEP holder and the implementer on FRAND terms is a separate, subsequent contract that is entirely distinct from the preexisting contract into which the SEP holder and the SSO have entered. I begin by asking in Part I whether the FRAND contract is enforceable. U.S. courts have found that it is, yet commentators, courts, and other tribunals have flagged various theories of unenforceability when analyzing a FRAND commitment as a contract. In Part II, I analyze the anatomy of the FRAND contract, as informed by first principles of U.S. contract law. Whether, with respect to a given implementer, a given SEP holder has discharged its FRAND duty to the SSO turns on whether the SEP holder has offered to license its SEPs to that implementer on FRAND terms. An implementer loses its rights as a third-party beneficiary of the SEP holder’s FRAND contract with the SSO if the third-party beneficiary rejects a FRAND offer or if it fails to accept that offer within a reasonable time. By underscoring the applicability of these fundamental principles of U.S. contract law, judges, arbitrators, and other decision makers would encourage both the SEP holder and the implementer to avoid dilatory tactics and orthogonal bargaining positions when negotiating license terms for the use of SEPs. In Part III, I examine some of the frameworks that other countries have recently proposed for guiding negotiations for SEPs. Although these frameworks supposedly identify principles that would facilitate the license negotiation between an SEP holder and an implementer of an industry standard, they ignore the relevance of first principles of contract law. Instead, they try to reinvent the wheel—by fashioning a sui generis bargaining protocol for SEP license negotiations that ignores the transactional efficiency of preexisting contract principles of offer and acceptance. These proposals are unlikely to be more efficacious than U.S. contract jurisprudence in defining a clear protocol that encourages the expeditious execution of bilaterally negotiated FRAND licenses. In Part IV, I offer preliminary observations on how a given SEP holder and a given implementer might agree to opt out of the FRAND contract so as to create a superior structure for concluding their bilateral negotiation of a license or, in the event of an impasse, for achieving a more expeditious and cost-effective resolution of their dispute.

Single engine turboprop aeroplane class in small air transport

PurposeThis paper aims to present the analysis of introduction of single engine turbo-prop aeroplane class in terms of certification specifications and flight crew licensing regulations.Design/methodology/approachFollowing the results of flight testing and additional performance and sizing calculations, the proposed class was placed among the existing aeroplane taxonomy in terms of performance, flight loads, mass penalty, fuel economy and several other factors. Concerning small air transport initiative, the new class was tried to be placed as a starting point in commercial pilot career.FindingsThe paper points the potential market for single engine turbopropeller aeroplanes and lists today obstacles in wider introduction. Therefore, remarks about required change of regulations and requirements for design process, as well as for crew licensing, are underlined.Practical implicationsThe results of the study would be helpful in preliminary design of a new low-power turboprop aeroplane, as well as during tailoring the certification specifications.Originality/valueThe approach presented in this paper is a detailed extension of an original idea presented by author for the first time during Clean Sky/small air transport workshop.