Terms Of Knowledge Transfer Research Articles

A process perspective on the expatriate social capital – knowledge transfer and expatriate adjustment relationships

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to develop a conceptual model explicating the development of expatriate social capital and its influence on expatriate effectiveness in terms of knowledge transfer and adjustment. Drawing upon social capital theory and weak tie theory, we elucidate the process through which expatriate social capital facilitates expatriate knowledge transfer and adjustment via greater access of role information and social support.Design/methodology/approachThis study reviews and distills research on expatriate social capital development and proposes a conceptual model of expatriate effectiveness and suggests potential research avenues for global mobility scholars.FindingsThis study contributes to the understanding of the development of expatriate social capital in the host country and its impacts on expatriate effectiveness as a process. With regard to expatriates’ social capital accumulation, this study also highlights the important but less-known role of accompanying spouse/family members as expatriates’ weak tie enablers. We articulate a framework that outlines the sources of social capital for expatriates and the processes through which social capital transmits (via expatriates’ access to role information and social support) and then enhances expatriate effectiveness. This conceptual model aims to establish a basic “roadmap” for use by practitioners and researchers.Research limitations/implicationsBefore the proposed conceptual model can be theoretically refined or extended by future research, its veracity needs to be tested empirically. Although we do not incorporate “time,” “personal characteristics” and “context” in our model, we recognize their potential importance and urge future researchers to incorporate them in studying the role of social capital on expatriate effectiveness.Practical implicationsA conceptual model is presented that enables multinational corporations (MNCs) to map their current (and future) strategies to enhance expatriate effectiveness by further strengthening the expatriate social capital.Originality/valueDrawing upon social capital theory and weak tie theory, this paper links various sources of expatriate social capital to expatriates’ access to role information and social support in supporting expatriate effectiveness. From this, several avenues of future research are drawn.

Robust Graph Meta-Learning for Weakly Supervised Few-Shot Node Classification

Graph machine learning (Graph ML) models typically require abundant labeled instances to provide sufficient supervision signals, which is commonly infeasible in real-world scenarios since labeled data for newly emerged concepts (e.g., new categorizations of nodes) on graphs is rather limited. To efficiently learn with a small amount of data on graphs, meta-learning has been investigated in Graph ML. By transferring the knowledge learned from previous experiences to new tasks, graph meta-learning approaches have demonstrated promising performance on few-shot graph learning problems. However, most existing efforts predominately assume that all the data from the seen classes is gold labeled, yet those methods may lose their efficacy when the seen data is weakly labeled with severe label noise. As such, we aim to investigate a novel problem of weakly supervised graph meta-learning for improving the model robustness in terms of knowledge transfer. To achieve this goal, we propose Meta-GIN (Meta Graph Interpolation Network), a new graph meta-learning framework. Based on a new robustness-enhanced episodic training paradigm, Meta-GIN is meta-learned to interpolate node representations from weakly labeled data and extracts highly transferable meta-knowledge, which enables the model to quickly adapt to unseen tasks with few labeled instances. Extensive experiments demonstrate the superiority of Meta-GIN over existing graph meta-learning studies on the task of weakly supervised few-shot node classification.

Drivers of Environmental Responsibility in Family Firms: The Role of an Environmental Manager

Despite the significant role of family firms in economies throughout the world, their academic research is relatively young. Furthermore, previous empirical studies in the field have focused on general topics, rather than examining how family firms are similar or different from other types of organisations in the decision-making process. Little is known about what drives family firms to implement environmental concerns in their strategies. Based on the above-mentioned findings, the research aims to analyse what the main drivers of environmental responsibility are in family firms in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) countries. The empirical study uses logistic regression that examines how selected important factors influence the adoption of strategic objectives that mention environmental or climate change issues. The study uses a data set from the World Bank Enterprise Survey 2019 and examines the attitudes of family businesses in four CEE countries (Czech Republic, Slovak Republic, Poland, and Estonia). The findings revealed a significant influence of the environmental manager, the customer's environmental requirements, and the energy performance standards on adopting strategic environmental objectives in family companies. We also consider the environmental manager as a key factor in terms of knowledge transfer and management of environmental responsibility in the firm. The results of this research provide a new perspective on the environmental responsibility of family businesses and explain which drivers should be considered when deciding to establish strategic objectives related to environmental issues. Managers should take these findings into account when deciding which tools to use to increase pro-environmental behaviour and implement environmental strategies.

Current situation in radiation oncology residency—Results of a national survey performed by the working group Young DEGRO of the German Society of Radiation Oncology

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to assess the current status of the radiation oncology (RO) residency programs in Germany. For this, RO residents and RO specialists were surveyed regarding the current situation of the RO residency training and the working conditions in Germany.MethodsThe Continuing Education Section of the Young DEGRO (yDEGRO) Working Group of the German Society of Radiation Oncology (DEGRO) developed a survey to assess (1) the overall satisfaction, learning objectives, and teaching methods used during training; and (2) the perception of the importance of specific disease patterns in RO training. Open-ended questions were also asked to elicit opinions on areas for improvement. From 21 November to 27 December 2022, RO residents registered with DEGRO and/or in the working group yDEGRO were invited to participate anonymously in an online questionnaire.ResultsOverall, 97 participants completed the survey, including 65 RO residents (67%) and 32 RO specialists (33%); 66 (68%) of the respondents reported being employed in the university setting, 23 (23.7%) in the non-university setting, and 8 (8.3%) in private practice. Within the training, heterogeneity was found in the teaching methods used. In terms of knowledge transfer, the greatest importance was accorded to annual continuing education discussions with the head of the residency training (92.8%), participation in tumor boards (85.6%), written training concepts (81.4%), and evaluations at the beginning (76.3%) and end of a rotation (80.4%). The arithmetic mean of satisfaction with specialist training was 6/10 points (SD: 1.99); 88.7% of respondents would like to see a nationally uniform and mandatory curriculum in RO residency training.ConclusionThe study provides suggestions for improving RO medical training in Germany: further development of accompanying education and training programs in cooperation with professional associations, e.g., the DEGRO, structured feedback, and supervision.

Introducción

What is the function of the university today is one of the tasks that those of us who are dedicated to it should ask ourselves. A brief overview of the conceptions and models of the university since the industrial revolution is presented. Transfer emerges as the third mission of the academic that must drive social change and development. The contributions of the university community in terms of knowledge transfer are far behind those of other countries in our environment. Only approximately 1% of international patents come from Spanish research. This gap between the two spheres highlights the need to encourage knowledge transfer as the third helix of an interactive and dynamic university model in dialogue with institutions and social agents.

Time for change? Feasibility of introducing micromodules into medical student education: a randomised controlled trial.

Didactic lectures have been the foundation of learning for many medical students. However, in recent years, the flipped classroom model has become increasingly popular in medical education. This approach enhances pre-class learning, allowing the limited contact time between clinicians and medical students to be focused on practical issues. This study evaluated the effectiveness and non-inferiority of online micromodule teaching in terms of knowledge transfer concerning specific urology topics. Medical students without prior exposure to the urology subspecialty were enrolled in the study, then randomised to a traditional didactic lecture group or an online micromodule group. Knowledge transfer was assessed by pre-intervention and post-intervention multiple-choice questions and objective structured clinical examinations that involved the acquisition of medical histories from real patients. In total, 45 medical students were enrolled (22 in the traditional didactic group and 23 in the online micromodule group). In terms of knowledge transfer (assessed by objective structured clinical examinations), the efficacy of online micromodules was comparable to traditional didactic lectures, although the difference was not statistically significant (P=0.823). There were no significant differences in terms of knowledge acquisition, retention, or clinical application between the two groups. In terms of acquiring, retaining, and applying foundational urological knowledge, online micromodules can help medical students to achieve outcomes comparable with the outcomes of didactic lectures. Online micromodules may be a viable alternative to traditional didactic lectures in urology education.

Can a student-managed fund transfer expert financial knowledge? Examining trustee voting consensus in a student-managed investments program

PurposeThe “experience is the best teacher” model assumes that acquiring expertise in a given domain reduces biases. Research in expert knowledge in investment decisions has shown better ability to produce improved results in asset selection or portfolio returns. Universities created student-managed investment funds (SMIFs) to train students in portfolio management as fiduciaries. However, analyses of the effectiveness of the SMIF as a medium for expert knowledge transfer have not been done.Design/methodology/approachThe authors’ analyze an SMIF's structure against established models of expert knowledge transfer, using the voting patterns of the trustees of the fund from the recorded minutes of the fund's meetings to show the fund's structure and outcomes demonstrate effective knowledge transfer. Voter consensus between faculty and student trustees is one proxy the authors use for knowledge transfer.FindingsConsensus between faculty and students was uniformly high across all recommendations. Chi-square tests were employed to test for independence between approval of recommendation and level of consensus, showing dependence in most cases. Analysis of sale returns over the 12-year sample period showed significantly better performance of asset sales over relevant benchmarks for both equity and fixed income portfolios.Originality/valueMost analyses of SMIF structure concentrate on well-known issues with things like student turnover, summers or other structural issues. Performance is evaluated based on returns. This study looks at the SMIF as an expert knowledge transfer medium and examines expert/novice decision approval in terms of knowledge transfer.

Impact of Higher Education Learning and Teaching Course as an Academic Confirmation Practice in Public University

The expansion and transformation of Malaysian universities have generated major changes in higher education institutions. These changes have considerable implications on the policy and the practice of academic confirmation in public universities. For new academic staff in one of the higher education institutions in Malaysia, they are required to successfully complete the Higher Education Learning and Teaching Course as one of the requirements for confirmation in the post. It is a good effort on the part of the university to provide knowledge and guidance to new academic staff and at the same time to support their academic development by providing continuous learning on teaching and learning activities. However, there were some concerns regarding the implementation of this course. Some academic staff faces problem due to stress and increased workload. Therefore, the objectives of this research are (i) to explore students’ understanding of the Higher Education Learning and Teaching Course objectives, (ii) to identify the benefits and difficulties faced by the students during the course, (iii) to explore the impact of the course on new academic staff’s teaching and learning activities, and finally (iv) to suggest recommendations to improve the delivery of the course for the benefit of all academic staff. Engaging in pure qualitative research (phenomenology and case study approach), this study methodology procedure was divided into three main stages, (i) library-based research for the collection of secondary data and reviewing them, (ii) fieldwork data collection in the form of an open-ended questionnaire with 18 respondents, and (iii) analysis of the open-ended questionnaire and documents for the purpose of reporting by using thematic analysis. The study found that the students believed that the purpose of the course is to enhance their teaching and learning skills as well as to produce a dynamic and holistic academician. It is undeniable that these students have benefited from this course in terms of knowledge transfer, teaching and learning a soft skill, and building a network which have left a positive impact on their teaching and learning activities. However, there were some difficulties with the heavy workloads during the course which has led to some students feeling demotivated and affecting their mental health. Finally, the study proposes revising the structure of the course by considering reducing the workload, revising the duration of the course, and review of some components in the staffs’ yearly performance appraisal (key performance index (KPI)). The study also found that there is a need for effective communication between the management and academic staff regarding the policy for this higher education teaching and learning course.

Gadget Addiction and Parental Responsibilities in Child Rearing

Gadgets like mobile, iPad and other electronic devices are a necessary evil in the modern world. These electronic devices have many advantages in the day-to-day life of human and it is a boon in terms of knowledge transfer to all age groups in a very short span of time. It has its own disadvantages and when recklessly used causes very many ill effects for the mankind. The global pandemic of Covid 19 since the year 2020 has made these gadgets available and usable for all age groups. Children are the major users and have no other option except to use these gadgets. This causes addiction in these young little minds and has a huge physical, mental and social ill health. The only way that this can be minimized though not prevented is by the way of customizing the nurturing pattern and added parental responsibilities. Parents they themselves are over worked with gadgets due to pandemic it becomes an utmost need to modify the nurturing practices to prevent gadget addiction in their children.

Development and pilot testing of a conversation aid to support the evaluation of patients with thyroid nodules.

To support patient-centred care and the collaboration of patients and clinicians, we developed and pilot tested a conversation aid for patients with thyroid nodules. We developed a web-based Thyroid NOdule Conversation aid (TNOC) following a human-centred design. A proof of concept observational pre-post study was conducted (TNOC vs. usual care [UC]) to assess the impact of TNOC on the quality of conversations. Data sources included recordings of clinical visits, post-encounter surveys and review of electronic health records. Summary statistics and group comparisons are reported. Sixty-five patients were analysed (32 in the UC and 33 in the TNOC cohort). Most patients were women (89%) with a median age of 57 years and were incidentally found to have a thyroid nodule (62%). Most thyroid nodules were at low risk for thyroid cancer (71%) and the median size was 1.4 cm. At baseline, the groups were similar except for higher numeracy in the TNOC cohort. The use of TNOC was associated with increased involvement of patients in the decision-making process, clinician satisfaction and discussion of relevant topics for decision making. In addition, decreased decisional conflict and fewer thyroid biopsies as the next management step were noted in the TNOC cohort. No differences in terms of knowledge transfer, length of consultation, thyroid cancer risk perception or concern for thyroid cancer diagnosis were found. In this pilot observational study, using TNOC in clinical practice was feasible and seemed to help the collaboration of patients and clinicians.

INERTNOST OBRAZOVNOG SISTEMA KAO INHIBITOR BEZBEDNOSNE KULTURE U OBRAZOVANJU I VASPITANJU

Security culture is an integral part of human culture, and its initial postulates can be found in proto-communities of people. Also, a safety culture, or a culture of safe living, is an integral part of the process of raising and educating children. However, at some point, which coincides with the beginning of the process of formal education, the adoption of the principle of security culture begins to lose importance, resulting in entire generations who do not have a sufficiently developed security awareness, which in turn leads to increased security challenges and reduced opportunities to respond adequately to these challenges, first at the individual level and then at higher and more complex levels. This leads to the conclusion that in terms of knowledge transfer and the formation of security awareness, the education system is not fulfilling its function in the best way. This paper aims to investigate the elements of the education system, identify the factors that make the education system rigid and inert, as well as to determine the share of inertia of the education system against the elements of human nature, and by crossing all these data to give recommendations that could lead to an increased level of safety awareness through the joint work of all relevant factors identified in this paper.

How to Promote University Students to Innovative Use Renewable Energy? An Inquiry-Based Learning Course Model

This paper aims to explore a student-oriented curriculum model on Renewable Energy Sources (RES), since RES is an important solution to the energy problem, and training talents with relevant skills and qualities has become a key part of our overall energy strategy. Based on Taylor Principle and PDCA Cycle Theory (Plan, Do, Check, Act), this paper proposed a “Student-centered Inquiry” RES course model together with three reference templates for the design, teaching, and evaluation processes of the course. This dissertation conducted a case study on 27 students from China University of Petroleum (East China), and the primary purpose of the study was to find out how changes in the curriculum could affect the learning effects of both high achievement students and low achievement students. By adopting the paired T-test and independent T-test, the results indicated that: (a) There was a relationship between the new curriculum model and the students’ academic performance, (b) the improvement in low-achievement students was more significant than in high-achievement students, and (c) the new curriculum model has positive effects on students in terms of knowledge transfer, methodology, reductionism, and consciousness formation. In view of the limitations of current RES related education in universities, these results can be used as templates to improve the quality of RES education.

Managing digital workplace communications to maximise knowledge transfer: a collaborator's perspective

The objective of this paper is to understand the motivations of collaborators using digital technologies at work to improve knowledge transfer in their organisations. A quantitative exploratory study is conducted using an online survey that was completed by 123 collaborators at different companies in the service, manufacturing, and retail industries. The findings indicate the motivations that employees have when using several digital tools in the workplace - information transfer, social interaction, convenience, immediacy and surveillance. Furthermore, it sheds light on the importance of such tools for their work, the type of content they share through each medium, and the perceived effectiveness of each digital tool in terms of knowledge transfer. We recommend that managers measure the perceived motivations behind the use of digital tools in their organisations and identify those that are capable of providing more than two motivations to their users. This research contributes to the literature by analysing the intersection between knowledge transfer, digital tools, and the uses and gratifications theory.

Audiovisual Science Communication on TV and YouTube. How Recipients Understand and Evaluate Science Videos

With the emergence of the Internet, social media and video platforms are gaining considerable influence on the traditional media landscape in general and on science communication in particular. This has changed the role of science journalists as gatekeepers because many platforms are based on a participatory culture, in which passive consumers can become active participants. In addition to scientists, non-scientific actors also act as experts and participate in the communication process between science and the public. In contrast to the relevance of YouTube for science communication there is a lack of research focusing on the questions of how internet users receive YouTube videos to acquire information about science, how successful audiovisual media function in knowledge transfer, and what effects it has on the epistemic regime of a society. Therefore, this study combines a discourse analysis with the aim to create a typology of YouTube videos—the independent variables—and an audience study for investigating knowledge transfer—the dependent variables. In the first step, this article presents the results of a systematic analysis and categorization of 400 German science videos, from which four types of audiovisual science communication on YouTube were derived: presentation films, expert films, animation films, and narrative explanatory films. In order to clarify how powerful these new forms of science communication are in terms of knowledge transfer, attitudes, and trust toward the presentation of science, a discourse analysis of the videos is combined with a multi-level reception study and an online survey. The reception study included eye-tracking to investigate the allocation of attention and two different methods of knowledge tests (recognition and recall) of which the multiple-choice test was also applied in the online survey. The results show that the type of video has an important impact on knowledge transfer and para-social effects. One of the central results of the audience study is that the videos' gaze guidance, the recipients' allocation of attention, and the results of knowledge testing are closely intertwined. The correlation of data from eye-tracking and the two knowledge tests prove in principle that the more homogeneous the gaze patterns of the recipients are, the better they score in the multiple-choice test as well as in the concept mapping test.

Une recherche collaborative : l’accessibilité au loisir comme vecteur d’accueil et d’intégration en contexte interculturel

In partnership with the academic and leisure communities, La Maisonnée coordinated a research study on leisure and integration of immigrant families in Quebec. As this is a new research area in Quebec, the results identified the potential of leisure for social cohesion, documented and shared certain innovative and inspiring management practices for stakeholders in the leisure sector, and proposed recommendations in terms of knowledge transfer and research projects across Quebec on this issue.

Knowledge transfer by digital media: how professional practices in health promotion are impacted?

Abstract This abstract aims to present a research carried out on a project which organizes knowledge transfer based on digital media in order to promote health of young people. One of the two websites created as part of this project is dedicated exclusively to professionals. They find in it reliable information on different topics. Since then, we may wonder how digital media promote knowledge transfer? And what are the consequences on professional practices? The study conducted between October 2019 and January 2020 uses quantitative and qualitative methods. Professionals were asked about the way in which they mobilized online content in the implementation of actions in promoting young people's health. Participants all work with children or teenagers and represent different professional groups: school nurses, social workers, workers in childcare facilities, teachers etc. One of the major findings of this study is to account for the knowledge transfer that exists through digital media. Websites facilitate professional's access to content that increase their capacity to act in health promotion. For example, they are developing a more participatory approach (workshops, educational games or debates). However, the evolution of professional practices implies at the same time an appropriation of the information provided by websites. Knowledge transfer can't be based only on digital media. In matter of fact, a major resource for knowledge transfer is related to the partnership dynamic driven at the local level. Exchanges of practices organized in real life allow professional to meet and share effective intervention strategies. There is a tangible complementarity between digital media and partnership network in terms of knowledge transfer. Finally, the presentation will search to better understand the role of digital media in public health. The uses in context told by professionals will invite to highlight the innovative character ok knowledge transfer associated with digital media. Key messages This abstract focuses on knowledge transfer in the age of digital media. What innovations can be identified in professional health promotion practices for young people? The aim of this abstract is to discuss how the knowledge transfer based on digital media is organized and the consequences on professional practices: what are the impacts?

Professional learning networks: From teacher learning to school improvement?

Professional learning communities are promising for teacher learning and improving the quality of education. In the past decade, there has been a shift in focus from within-school to cross-school PLCs: Professional Learning Networks. Knowledge of the underlying working processes of teacher learning in PLNs is scarce. This is even more complicated for PLNs, because of organizational, geographic and professional boundaries. The purpose of this study is to explore how PLNs can function to meet their objectives and what challenges they face in their aim of achieving sustainable teacher learning and school improvement. We applied a qualitative case study design. Data were collected by means of interviews with PLN participants and external coaches, logs by external coaches, and yearly observations by the researchers. Results show how the PLN context influences the outcomes in terms of teacher learning, PLN products and application in their schools. Findings show how leadership, the perception of a shared goal, structured activities, collaboration, and facilitation and support especially appear to influence outcomes. PLNs face additional challenges in relation to within-school PLCs, in terms of knowledge transfer from the PLN back to participants’ own schools and the network as a whole. This should be acknowledged and acted upon before PLNs are even established.

Factors Related to the Risk of Musculoskeletal Disorders in Welding Workshop Workers in Lhokseumawe City in 2019

Working in an awkward posture without using work aids for welding shop workers can pose a risk of Musculoskeletal Disorders. The study aims to determine the factors associated with the risk of Musculoskeletal Disorders in welding workshop workers in the city of Lhokseumawe. This type of research is a type of quantitative research, with a cross sectional approach. Performed on 40 populations which are all used as samples. Data collection was carried out through interviews using the Nordic Body Map (NBM) worksheet to determine the level of MSDs complaints and to find out whether age, education, years of work, number of hours worked, number of hours of rest (independent variables) affected the MSDs (dependent variable). The results showed that there was an influence of the age factor (p value = 0,000), years of service (p value = 0,000), the number of hours worked (p value = 0.009) and the number of hours of sleep (p value = 0.009) on the risk of MSDs, but the education factor did not show the effect which is significant (pvalue = 0.548). The conclusions of this study are: age, years of work, number of hours worked and number of hours of sleep are the causes of MSDs risk in welding workshop workers except the level of education which is mostly high school. It is recommended to welding workshop workers to use tools such as work desks to reduce the odd work posture, the allocation of working time in accordance with the applicable government regulations, namely 7 hours a day by business owners, as well as the continuity of activities of the UKK Team towards informal workers both in terms of knowledge transfer (counseling) and health services.

Evaluación de la transferencia de conocimiento e innovación de las universidades españolas

La estrategia europea Horizon 2020 se centra en la transición hacia la sociedad del conocimiento. Con este objetivo, la Comisión Europea ha elegido a las universidades por su capacidad para conectar y colaborar con otros sectores, particularmente el empresarial. Si bien sus esfuerzos se han dirigido a crear sinergias entre los sectores implicados, se ha obviado su evaluación. El estudio que se presenta utiliza metadatos de SCOPUS y de la Oficina Española de Patentes. Se pretende evaluar la transferencia de conocimiento desde la perspectiva de la universidad. Para ello, se emplean las colaboraciones de las universidades con otras universidades, con empresas y con instituciones gubernamentales. La evaluación se hace conjuntamente a partir de la red que las universidades españolas generan en su conjunto. Los resultados obtenidos muestran el grado de conectividad de cada universidad, su grado de influencia y su conectividad con instituciones líderes en innovación y transferencia de conocimiento.

Corporate Strategy and Subsidiary Performance: The Effect of Product and Geographic Diversification

ABSTRACTIn this study, we argue that foreign subsidiaries may benefit from the corporate strategies of multinational enterprises (MNEs) in different ways in terms of knowledge transfer and strategic flexibility. From this viewpoint, we explore the relationship between product diversification and financial performance of their subsidiaries under the condition of MNE geographic diversification. Using panel data on foreign subsidiaries in European countries from 2006 to 2011, we find a U-shaped relationship between product diversification and subsidiary performance and the joint effect of product and geographic diversification. Given the importance of transition economies in international business today, we conducted a subsample test contrasting the results based on the transitional (Central and Eastern European) versus Western European countries. The contrasting results provide important implications for other transition economies like China. We validate the relationship in several ways in our robustness tests.